diff --git a/frontend/src/lib/diagnostics.dom.test.ts b/frontend/src/lib/diagnostics.dom.test.ts
index 90edbb63..09210665 100644
--- a/frontend/src/lib/diagnostics.dom.test.ts
+++ b/frontend/src/lib/diagnostics.dom.test.ts
@@ -190,6 +190,87 @@ describe("diagnostics level", () => {
     expect(later).toContain("diagnostics level raised");
   });
 
+  it("a batch refused after a re-raise is still not sent: it was taken under the old consent", async () => {
+    // The test above settles the refusal while the stream is STOPPED, so `unsubscribe` is what
+    // blocks the requeue there. Here it settles after the new consent is already streaming — the
+    // ordering only the `session` counter can catch, and the one that would leak events across a
+    // withdrawal if it did not.
+    const d = await fresh();
+    let refuse: (err: unknown) => void = () => {};
+    answer = () => new Promise((_, reject) => (refuse = reject));
+    d.applyDiagnostics(raised("DEBUG"), () => {});
+    d.log.debug("ui.click", "under the first consent");
+    await vi.advanceTimersByTimeAsync(5_000); // in flight
+    d.applyDiagnostics({ level: "INFO", until: null, retention_days: 7 }, () => {});
+    answer = () => Promise.resolve({ ok: true, stored: 0 });
+    d.applyDiagnostics(raised("TRACE"), () => {});
+    refuse(new d.HttpError(429, "slow down")); // only now does the old consent's batch come back
+    await vi.advanceTimersByTimeAsync(60_000);
+    const later = sent
+      .slice(1)
+      .flat()
+      .map((e) => (e as { msg: string }).msg);
+    expect(later).not.toContain("under the first consent");
+    expect(later).toContain("diagnostics level raised");
+  });
+
+  it("a 409 for a batch taken under the old consent does not lapse the new one", async () => {
+    const d = await fresh();
+    const lapsed = vi.fn();
+    let refuse: (err: unknown) => void = () => {};
+    answer = () => new Promise((_, reject) => (refuse = reject));
+    d.applyDiagnostics(raised("DEBUG"), lapsed);
+    d.log.debug("ui.click", "under the first consent");
+    await vi.advanceTimersByTimeAsync(5_000); // in flight
+    d.applyDiagnostics({ level: "INFO", until: null, retention_days: 7 }, lapsed);
+    answer = () => Promise.resolve({ ok: true, stored: 0 });
+    d.applyDiagnostics(raised("TRACE"), lapsed);
+    refuse(new d.HttpError(409, "off"));
+    await vi.advanceTimersByTimeAsync(60_000);
+    expect(lapsed).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    expect(d.enabled("TRACE")).toBe(true);
+  });
+
+  it("a 409 answering a batch the user themselves cancelled is not called a lapse", async () => {
+    // "Alap" is the user revoking their own consent; the server answers the still-flying batch with
+    // the same 409 a real expiry gets. Their own log must not tell them the consent ran out.
+    const d = await fresh();
+    const lapsed = vi.fn();
+    let refuse: (err: unknown) => void = () => {};
+    answer = () => new Promise((_, reject) => (refuse = reject));
+    d.applyDiagnostics(raised("DEBUG"), lapsed);
+    d.log.debug("ui.click", "under the consent");
+    await vi.advanceTimersByTimeAsync(5_000); // in flight
+    d.applyDiagnostics({ level: "INFO", until: null, retention_days: 7 }, lapsed);
+    refuse(new d.HttpError(409, "off"));
+    await vi.advanceTimersByTimeAsync(0);
+    expect(lapsed).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    expect(d.events().map((e) => e.msg)).not.toContain("diagnostics level lapsed");
+  });
+
+  it("a refused batch that comes back to a full queue is what goes, not the events since", async () => {
+    // The cap test above fills the queue AFTER the refusal landed, so the trim it measures is the
+    // one on the subscribe path. This one has the queue already at the cap when the batch comes
+    // back — the only state where the trim in the 429 handler decides anything.
+    const d = await fresh();
+    let refuse: (err: unknown) => void = () => {};
+    answer = () => new Promise((_, reject) => (refuse = reject));
+    d.applyDiagnostics(raised("DEBUG"), () => {});
+    for (let i = 0; i < 99; i++) d.log.debug("ui.click", `old ${i}`);
+    await vi.advanceTimersByTimeAsync(0); // the 100 oldest are in flight, the queue is empty
+    for (let i = 0; i < 1_000; i++) d.log.debug("ui.click", `new ${i}`);
+    answer = () => Promise.resolve({ ok: true, stored: 0 });
+    refuse(new d.HttpError(429, "slow down")); // 1_000 + 100 back = 1_100, over the cap
+    await vi.advanceTimersByTimeAsync(60_000);
+    const msgs = sent
+      .slice(1)
+      .flat()
+      .map((e) => (e as { msg: string }).msg);
+    expect(msgs).toHaveLength(1_000);
+    expect(msgs).not.toContain("old 0");
+    expect([msgs[0], msgs[msgs.length - 1]]).toEqual(["new 0", "new 999"]);
+  });
+
   it("a closing tab sends what is still waiting with a keepalive request", async () => {
     const d = await fresh();
     d.applyDiagnostics(raised("DEBUG"), () => {});
diff --git a/frontend/src/lib/diagnostics.ts b/frontend/src/lib/diagnostics.ts
index 90e8cc91..801dcef7 100644
--- a/frontend/src/lib/diagnostics.ts
+++ b/frontend/src/lib/diagnostics.ts
@@ -128,8 +128,17 @@ async function flush(): Promise<void> {
         queue.unshift(...batch);
         keepNewest();
       }
-    } else if (err instanceof HttpError && err.status === 409 && takenIn === session) {
-      lapse(); // the server has it off: withdrawn in another tab, or lapsed by its clock
+    } else if (
+      err instanceof HttpError &&
+      err.status === 409 &&
+      takenIn === session &&
+      unsubscribe
+    ) {
+      // The server has it off: withdrawn in another tab, or lapsed by its clock. `unsubscribe`
+      // means THIS tab does not already know — without it, the 409 answering a batch that was in
+      // flight when the user picked Alap writes "lapsed" into their own log for a level they
+      // revoked, and a lapse this tab has already announced gets announced a second time.
+      lapse();
     }
   } finally {
     inFlight = false;