refactor(plex): convert service-layer db.query() to 2.0 select() (wave 1)

Mechanical 1.x->2.0 conversion of the self-contained plex modules, behaviour-
equivalent (the characterization net + existing plex tests stay green, 39
passed): app/plex/{sync(15),watch_sync(9),people(1),imgcache(4)} and
app/routes/plex/{admin(4),playback(8),_shared(1)}. Query builders become
select(); .first()/.all()->execute().scalars(); a bulk .update() ->
execute(update()); a single-column .first() -> db.scalar().

browse.py (61) + rollup.agg_subquery (the atomic unit with unified_library)
remain for wave 2.

backend/app/plex/imgcache.py

@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ The cache directory (``cache.CACHE_DIR``) is shared with the subtitle cache (see
 """
 
 from fastapi import Response
+from sqlalchemy import select
 from sqlalchemy.orm import Session
 
 from app.models import PlexCollection, PlexItem, PlexSeason, PlexShow
@@ -24,16 +25,24 @@ SIZES = {"thumb": (400, 600), "art": (1280, 720)}
 def key_for(db: Session, rating_key: str, variant: str) -> str | None:
     """The stored Plex image path for a known rating_key (item/show/season). Only mirrored keys
     are proxyable — this is not an open image proxy."""
-    it = db.query(PlexItem).filter_by(rating_key=rating_key).first()
+    it = db.execute(
+        select(PlexItem).where(PlexItem.rating_key == rating_key)
+    ).scalars().first()
     if it is not None:
         return it.art_key if variant == "art" else it.thumb_key
-    sh = db.query(PlexShow).filter_by(rating_key=rating_key).first()
+    sh = db.execute(
+        select(PlexShow).where(PlexShow.rating_key == rating_key)
+    ).scalars().first()
     if sh is not None:
         return sh.art_key if variant == "art" else sh.thumb_key
-    se = db.query(PlexSeason).filter_by(rating_key=rating_key).first()
+    se = db.execute(
+        select(PlexSeason).where(PlexSeason.rating_key == rating_key)
+    ).scalars().first()
     if se is not None:
         return se.thumb_key
-    col = db.query(PlexCollection).filter_by(rating_key=rating_key).first()
+    col = db.execute(
+        select(PlexCollection).where(PlexCollection.rating_key == rating_key)
+    ).scalars().first()
     if col is not None:
         return col.thumb_key
     return None

backend/app/plex/people.py

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ re-sync (plex.sync), so the two paths never diverge."""
 
 from urllib.parse import quote
 
-from sqlalchemy import text
+from sqlalchemy import select, text
 from sqlalchemy.dialects.postgresql import insert as pg_insert
 from sqlalchemy.orm import Session
 
@@ -55,7 +55,10 @@ def enrich_row_people(db: Session, row, cast: list[dict]) -> bool:
         dirty = True
     # Headshot cache: upsert name -> proxied thumb (a later fetch fills a prior NULL; names without a
     # whitelisted photo still get a row so a card can show a placeholder).
-    existing = {p.name: p for p in db.query(PlexPerson).filter(PlexPerson.name.in_(names))}
+    existing = {
+        p.name: p
+        for p in db.execute(select(PlexPerson).where(PlexPerson.name.in_(names))).scalars()
+    }
     missing: dict[str, str | None] = {}
     for c in cast:
         nm, th = c.get("name"), c.get("thumb")

backend/app/plex/sync.py

@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ Cast + intro/credit markers are fetched lazily on the item-detail/player path (P
 import logging
 from datetime import datetime, timezone
 
+from sqlalchemy import select
 from sqlalchemy.orm import Session
 
 from app import sysconfig
@@ -165,20 +166,20 @@ def _enrich_people_batch(db: Session, plex: PlexClient, limit: int = _ENRICH_BAT
     shared enrich_row_people). Oldest-id first, movies before shows. Stamps people_enriched_at only on
     a SUCCESSFUL fetch, so a transient per-item failure retries next run rather than being lost.
     Returns how many items were enriched this run."""
-    movies = (
-        db.query(PlexItem)
-        .filter(PlexItem.kind == "movie", PlexItem.people_enriched_at.is_(None))
+    movies = db.execute(
+        select(PlexItem)
+        .where(PlexItem.kind == "movie", PlexItem.people_enriched_at.is_(None))
         .order_by(PlexItem.id)
         .limit(limit)
-        .all()
-    )
+    ).scalars().all()
     remaining = limit - len(movies)
     shows = (
-        db.query(PlexShow)
-        .filter(PlexShow.people_enriched_at.is_(None))
-        .order_by(PlexShow.id)
-        .limit(remaining)
-        .all()
+        db.execute(
+            select(PlexShow)
+            .where(PlexShow.people_enriched_at.is_(None))
+            .order_by(PlexShow.id)
+            .limit(remaining)
+        ).scalars().all()
         if remaining > 0
         else []
     )
@@ -198,7 +199,9 @@ def _enrich_people_batch(db: Session, plex: PlexClient, limit: int = _ENRICH_BAT
 
 
 def _upsert_library(db: Session, key: str, title: str, kind: str) -> PlexLibrary:
-    lib = db.query(PlexLibrary).filter_by(plex_key=key).first()
+    lib = db.execute(
+        select(PlexLibrary).where(PlexLibrary.plex_key == key)
+    ).scalars().first()
     if lib is None:
         lib = PlexLibrary(plex_key=key)
         db.add(lib)
@@ -261,7 +264,12 @@ def _apply_item(row: PlexItem, lib_id: int, kind: str, meta: dict) -> None:
 
 
 def _sync_movies(db: Session, plex: PlexClient, lib: PlexLibrary, stats: dict) -> None:
-    existing = {r.rating_key: r for r in db.query(PlexItem).filter_by(library_id=lib.id, kind="movie")}
+    existing = {
+        r.rating_key: r
+        for r in db.execute(
+            select(PlexItem).where(PlexItem.library_id == lib.id, PlexItem.kind == "movie")
+        ).scalars()
+    }
     for meta in _paginate(plex, lib.plex_key, _TYPE_MOVIE):
         rk = str(meta.get("ratingKey") or "")
         if not rk:
@@ -276,7 +284,12 @@ def _sync_movies(db: Session, plex: PlexClient, lib: PlexLibrary, stats: dict) -
 
 def _sync_shows(db: Session, plex: PlexClient, lib: PlexLibrary, stats: dict) -> None:
     # 1) shows
-    shows = {r.rating_key: r for r in db.query(PlexShow).filter_by(library_id=lib.id)}
+    shows = {
+        r.rating_key: r
+        for r in db.execute(
+            select(PlexShow).where(PlexShow.library_id == lib.id)
+        ).scalars()
+    }
     for meta in _paginate(plex, lib.plex_key, _TYPE_SHOW):
         rk = str(meta.get("ratingKey") or "")
         if not rk:
@@ -299,7 +312,12 @@ def _sync_shows(db: Session, plex: PlexClient, lib: PlexLibrary, stats: dict) ->
     show_id = {rk: sh.id for rk, sh in shows.items()}
 
     # 2) seasons
-    seasons = {r.rating_key: r for r in db.query(PlexSeason).join(PlexShow).filter(PlexShow.library_id == lib.id)}
+    seasons = {
+        r.rating_key: r
+        for r in db.execute(
+            select(PlexSeason).join(PlexShow).where(PlexShow.library_id == lib.id)
+        ).scalars()
+    }
     for meta in _paginate(plex, lib.plex_key, _TYPE_SEASON):
         rk = str(meta.get("ratingKey") or "")
         sid = show_id.get(str(meta.get("parentRatingKey") or ""))
@@ -318,7 +336,12 @@ def _sync_shows(db: Session, plex: PlexClient, lib: PlexLibrary, stats: dict) ->
     season_id = {rk: se.id for rk, se in seasons.items()}
 
     # 3) episodes (playable leaves)
-    episodes = {r.rating_key: r for r in db.query(PlexItem).filter_by(library_id=lib.id, kind="episode")}
+    episodes = {
+        r.rating_key: r
+        for r in db.execute(
+            select(PlexItem).where(PlexItem.library_id == lib.id, PlexItem.kind == "episode")
+        ).scalars()
+    }
     for meta in _paginate(plex, lib.plex_key, _TYPE_EPISODE):
         rk = str(meta.get("ratingKey") or "")
         if not rk:
@@ -359,17 +382,27 @@ def resync_collection(db: Session, plex: PlexClient, lib: PlexLibrary, rk: str)
     collection's membership on the affected member rows."""
     meta = plex.metadata(rk) or {}
     col = _upsert_collection(
-        db, db.query(PlexCollection).filter_by(rating_key=rk).first(), rk, lib.id, meta
+        db,
+        db.execute(
+            select(PlexCollection).where(PlexCollection.rating_key == rk)
+        ).scalars().first(),
+        rk,
+        lib.id,
+        meta,
     )
     Model = PlexItem if lib.kind == "movie" else PlexShow
     new_members = {str(c.get("ratingKey")) for c in plex.collection_children(rk) if c.get("ratingKey")}
-    current = db.query(Model).filter(Model.collection_keys.contains([rk])).all()
+    current = db.execute(
+        select(Model).where(Model.collection_keys.contains([rk]))
+    ).scalars().all()
     for row in current:  # drop rk from rows that are no longer members
         if row.rating_key not in new_members:
             row.collection_keys = [k for k in (row.collection_keys or []) if k != rk] or None
     to_add = new_members - {r.rating_key for r in current}
     if to_add:
-        for row in db.query(Model).filter(Model.rating_key.in_(to_add)):
+        for row in db.execute(
+            select(Model).where(Model.rating_key.in_(to_add))
+        ).scalars():
             row.collection_keys = list(dict.fromkeys([*(row.collection_keys or []), rk]))
     db.flush()
     return col
@@ -378,9 +411,13 @@ def resync_collection(db: Session, plex: PlexClient, lib: PlexLibrary, rk: str)
 def delete_collection_local(db: Session, lib: PlexLibrary, rk: str) -> None:
     """Local cleanup after a collection is deleted from Plex: strip rk from members + drop the row."""
     Model = PlexItem if lib.kind == "movie" else PlexShow
-    for row in db.query(Model).filter(Model.collection_keys.contains([rk])):
+    for row in db.execute(
+        select(Model).where(Model.collection_keys.contains([rk]))
+    ).scalars():
         row.collection_keys = [k for k in (row.collection_keys or []) if k != rk] or None
-    col = db.query(PlexCollection).filter_by(rating_key=rk).first()
+    col = db.execute(
+        select(PlexCollection).where(PlexCollection.rating_key == rk)
+    ).scalars().first()
     if col is not None:
         db.delete(col)
     db.flush()
@@ -391,7 +428,12 @@ def _sync_collections(db: Session, plex: PlexClient, lib: PlexLibrary, stats: di
     written as `collection_keys` on member movies (plex_items) / shows (plex_shows). A full reconcile:
     collections gone from Plex are pruned, and each member row's keys are rebuilt from scratch."""
     cols = plex.collections(lib.plex_key)
-    existing = {c.rating_key: c for c in db.query(PlexCollection).filter_by(library_id=lib.id)}
+    existing = {
+        c.rating_key: c
+        for c in db.execute(
+            select(PlexCollection).where(PlexCollection.library_id == lib.id)
+        ).scalars()
+    }
     seen: set[str] = set()
     membership: dict[str, list[str]] = {}  # member rating_key -> [collection rating_key, ...]
     for meta in cols:
@@ -410,8 +452,8 @@ def _sync_collections(db: Session, plex: PlexClient, lib: PlexLibrary, stats: di
         if rk not in seen:
             db.delete(col)
     # Rebuild collection_keys on every member row of this library (clear + set).
-    for row in db.query(PlexItem).filter_by(library_id=lib.id):
+    for row in db.execute(select(PlexItem).where(PlexItem.library_id == lib.id)).scalars():
         row.collection_keys = membership.get(row.rating_key) or None
-    for row in db.query(PlexShow).filter_by(library_id=lib.id):
+    for row in db.execute(select(PlexShow).where(PlexShow.library_id == lib.id)).scalars():
         row.collection_keys = membership.get(row.rating_key) or None
     db.flush()

backend/app/plex/watch_sync.py

@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ history + onDeck, last-write-wins) build on this and land in later ships.
 import logging
 from datetime import datetime, timedelta, timezone
 
-from sqlalchemy import func
+from sqlalchemy import func, select, update
 from sqlalchemy.dialects.postgresql import insert as pg_insert
 from sqlalchemy.orm import Session
 
@@ -61,7 +61,10 @@ def _plex_watch_to_state(
 
 def _rk_to_id(db: Session) -> dict[str, int]:
     """The rating_key → PlexItem.id lookup used to resolve a Plex leaf back to its mirrored row."""
-    return {rk: iid for rk, iid in db.query(PlexItem.rating_key, PlexItem.id)}
+    return {
+        rk: iid
+        for rk, iid in db.execute(select(PlexItem.rating_key, PlexItem.id)).all()
+    }
 
 
 def _scan_plex_states(
@@ -162,7 +165,9 @@ def link_for_push(db: Session, user_id: int) -> PlexLink | None:
     """The active owner watch-push link for this user, or None when push is off / not the owner.
     Push is gated on `initial_import_done` so we never push a half-known local state over Plex's
     authoritative one before the one-time "Plex is master" import has reconciled them."""
-    link = db.query(PlexLink).filter_by(user_id=user_id).first()
+    link = db.execute(
+        select(PlexLink).where(PlexLink.user_id == user_id)
+    ).scalars().first()
     if link and link.uses_admin and link.sync_enabled and link.initial_import_done:
         return link
     return None
@@ -217,7 +222,11 @@ def push_state_to_plex(
         # Flag the row synced — but an "unwatched" via status=new deletes the row, so there may be
         # nothing to flag; that's fine (unscrobble still happened). Skip the flag if the row was
         # re-edited since we captured `expect_ts` (leave it dirty for its own push / the reconcile).
-        st = db.query(PlexState).filter_by(user_id=user_id, item_id=item_id).first()
+        st = db.execute(
+            select(PlexState).where(
+                PlexState.user_id == user_id, PlexState.item_id == item_id
+            )
+        ).scalars().first()
         if st is not None and _row_matches(st, expect_ts):
             st.synced_to_plex = True
             db.commit()
@@ -272,9 +281,11 @@ def push_bulk_state_to_plex(user_id: int, changes: list[tuple[int, str, str]]) -
         # Flag every successfully-pushed row that still exists (an "unwatched" deletes the row, so
         # only the "watched" changes have a row to flag).
         if synced_ids:
-            db.query(PlexState).filter(
-                PlexState.user_id == user_id, PlexState.item_id.in_(synced_ids)
-            ).update({PlexState.synced_to_plex: True}, synchronize_session=False)
+            db.execute(
+                update(PlexState)
+                .where(PlexState.user_id == user_id, PlexState.item_id.in_(synced_ids))
+                .values(synced_to_plex=True)
+            )
             db.commit()
 
 
@@ -290,11 +301,13 @@ _LWW_TOLERANCE_S = 90
 def _active_sync_links(db: Session) -> list[PlexLink]:
     """Every link with two-way sync actually running (owner MVP = one row). Iterated uniformly so
     P5b friend links slot in later without touching this loop."""
-    return (
-        db.query(PlexLink)
-        .filter_by(uses_admin=True, sync_enabled=True, initial_import_done=True)
-        .all()
-    )
+    return db.execute(
+        select(PlexLink).where(
+            PlexLink.uses_admin.is_(True),
+            PlexLink.sync_enabled.is_(True),
+            PlexLink.initial_import_done.is_(True),
+        )
+    ).scalars().all()
 
 
 def _resolve_account_id(db: Session, plex: PlexClient, link: PlexLink) -> int:
@@ -340,7 +353,11 @@ def _pull_apply(
     """Bring one Plex-side positive signal into Siftlode under last-write-wins. Returns
     "watched"/"in_progress" if it changed the row, else None. Never clears a row (un-watch is the
     full reconcile's job) — this only pulls in watched/resume."""
-    st = db.query(PlexState).filter_by(user_id=user_id, item_id=item_id).first()
+    st = db.execute(
+        select(PlexState).where(
+            PlexState.user_id == user_id, PlexState.item_id == item_id
+        )
+    ).scalars().first()
     if _same_state(st, status, pos):
         if st is not None and not st.synced_to_plex:
             st.synced_to_plex = True  # already matches Plex → just settle the flag, no churn
@@ -368,17 +385,18 @@ def _repush_dirty(db: Session, plex: PlexClient, link: PlexLink) -> int:
     # re-push doesn't need an extra per-item plex.metadata() round-trip just to fill set_timeline's
     # duration argument.
     info_by_id: dict[int, tuple[str, int | None]] = {
-        iid: (rk, dur) for iid, rk, dur in db.query(PlexItem.id, PlexItem.rating_key, PlexItem.duration_s)
+        iid: (rk, dur)
+        for iid, rk, dur in db.execute(
+            select(PlexItem.id, PlexItem.rating_key, PlexItem.duration_s)
+        ).all()
     }
-    dirty = (
-        db.query(PlexState)
-        .filter(
+    dirty = db.execute(
+        select(PlexState).where(
             PlexState.user_id == link.user_id,
             PlexState.synced_to_plex.is_(False),
             PlexState.status != "hidden",
         )
-        .all()
-    )
+    ).scalars().all()
     n = 0
     for st in dirty:
         info = info_by_id.get(st.item_id)
@@ -477,7 +495,9 @@ def run_plex_watch_reconcile(db: Session) -> dict:
 
                 # Siftlode rows Plex no longer has a record for: clear the ones that were mirrored
                 # (Plex un-watched them); leave hidden + dirty (dirty gets re-pushed just below).
-                for st in db.query(PlexState).filter_by(user_id=link.user_id).all():
+                for st in db.execute(
+                    select(PlexState).where(PlexState.user_id == link.user_id)
+                ).scalars().all():
                     if st.item_id in plex_states or st.status == "hidden":
                         continue
                     if st.synced_to_plex:

backend/app/routes/plex/_shared.py

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 import logging
 
 from fastapi import HTTPException
+from sqlalchemy import select
 from sqlalchemy.orm import Session
 
 from app.models import (
@@ -13,7 +14,9 @@ log = logging.getLogger("siftlode.plex")
 
 
 def item_or_404(db: Session, rating_key: str) -> PlexItem:
-    it = db.query(PlexItem).filter_by(rating_key=str(rating_key)).first()
+    it = db.execute(
+        select(PlexItem).where(PlexItem.rating_key == str(rating_key))
+    ).scalars().first()
     if it is None:
         raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Unknown Plex item")
     return it

backend/app/routes/plex/admin.py

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ from datetime import datetime, timezone
 
 from fastapi import APIRouter, Depends, HTTPException
 from pydantic import BaseModel
+from sqlalchemy import select
 from sqlalchemy.orm import Session
 
 from app import sysconfig
@@ -65,9 +66,9 @@ def _sample_plex_path(
     """A real Plex-side media file path to validate the mount + path-map against. Prefers the
     already-mirrored catalog (cheap); before the first sync, pulls one movie leaf from an enabled
     section straight from Plex."""
-    row = db.query(PlexItem.file_path).filter(PlexItem.file_path.isnot(None)).first()
-    if row and row[0]:
-        return row[0]
+    fp = db.scalar(select(PlexItem.file_path).where(PlexItem.file_path.isnot(None)))
+    if fp:
+        return fp
     wanted = plex_sync._enabled_section_keys(db)
     for s in sections:
         if s.get("type") != "movie":
@@ -117,7 +118,9 @@ def watch_link_status(
     user: User = Depends(current_user), db: Session = Depends(get_db)
 ) -> dict:
     """This user's Plex watch-sync link status (drives the Settings toggle)."""
-    link = db.query(PlexLink).filter_by(user_id=user.id).first()
+    link = db.execute(
+        select(PlexLink).where(PlexLink.user_id == user.id)
+    ).scalars().first()
     return _link_dict(link)
 
 
@@ -137,7 +140,9 @@ def watch_link_set(
     if not sysconfig.get_bool(db, "plex_enabled"):
         raise HTTPException(status_code=409, detail="The Plex module is disabled.")
     enabled = body.enabled
-    link = db.query(PlexLink).filter_by(user_id=user.id).first()
+    link = db.execute(
+        select(PlexLink).where(PlexLink.user_id == user.id)
+    ).scalars().first()
     if link is None:
         link = PlexLink(
             user_id=user.id, uses_admin=True, linked_at=datetime.now(timezone.utc)
@@ -158,7 +163,9 @@ def watch_import_now(
 ) -> dict:
     """Admin: (re-)run the "Plex is master" import for this account — Plex re-wins on the
     intersection; Siftlode-only states are preserved. Idempotent."""
-    link = db.query(PlexLink).filter_by(user_id=user.id).first()
+    link = db.execute(
+        select(PlexLink).where(PlexLink.user_id == user.id)
+    ).scalars().first()
     if link is None or not link.sync_enabled:
         raise HTTPException(status_code=409, detail="Enable Plex watch-sync first.")
     result = plex_watch.import_owner_watch_state(db, link)

backend/app/routes/plex/playback.py

@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ from fastapi import (
 )
 from fastapi.responses import FileResponse
 from pydantic import BaseModel
+from sqlalchemy import select
 from sqlalchemy.orm import Session
 
 from app.auth import current_user, resolved_user_id
@@ -207,7 +208,11 @@ def _push_watch(
         return
     # Capture the row's freshest timestamp NOW so the background push can tell if a newer local edit
     # lands before it settles synced_to_plex (which would otherwise strand that newer value).
-    st = db.query(PlexState).filter_by(user_id=user_id, item_id=item_id).first()
+    st = db.execute(
+        select(PlexState).where(
+            PlexState.user_id == user_id, PlexState.item_id == item_id
+        )
+    ).scalars().first()
     background.add_task(
         plex_watch.push_state_to_plex,
         user_id,
@@ -246,7 +251,11 @@ def item_progress(
     duration = int(body.duration_seconds)
     final = body.final
     now = datetime.now(timezone.utc)
-    st = db.query(PlexState).filter_by(user_id=user.id, item_id=it.id).first()
+    st = db.execute(
+        select(PlexState).where(
+            PlexState.user_id == user.id, PlexState.item_id == it.id
+        )
+    ).scalars().first()
     was_watched = st is not None and st.status == "watched"
 
     near_end = duration > 0 and position > duration - _FINISH_MARGIN_S
@@ -316,7 +325,11 @@ def item_state(
     status = body.status
     if status not in ("new", "watched", "hidden"):
         raise HTTPException(status_code=400, detail="Invalid status")
-    st = db.query(PlexState).filter_by(user_id=user.id, item_id=it.id).first()
+    st = db.execute(
+        select(PlexState).where(
+            PlexState.user_id == user.id, PlexState.item_id == it.id
+        )
+    ).scalars().first()
     prev_status = st.status if st is not None else "new"
     if status == "new":
         if st is not None:
@@ -351,10 +364,12 @@ def _bulk_state(
     now = datetime.now(timezone.utc)
     existing = {
         s.item_id: s
-        for s in db.query(PlexState).filter(
-            PlexState.user_id == user_id,
-            PlexState.item_id.in_([e.id for e in eps] or [0]),
-        )
+        for s in db.execute(
+            select(PlexState).where(
+                PlexState.user_id == user_id,
+                PlexState.item_id.in_([e.id for e in eps] or [0]),
+            )
+        ).scalars()
     }
     pushable = plex_watch.link_for_push(db, user_id) is not None
     to_push: list[tuple[int, str, str]] = []
@@ -397,11 +412,15 @@ def show_state(
     db: Session = Depends(get_db),
 ) -> dict:
     """Mark a whole show watched/unwatched (all its episodes) for the current user + push to Plex."""
-    sh = db.query(PlexShow).filter_by(rating_key=str(rating_key)).first()
+    sh = db.execute(
+        select(PlexShow).where(PlexShow.rating_key == str(rating_key))
+    ).scalars().first()
     if sh is None:
         raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Unknown Plex show")
     watched = body.watched
-    eps = db.query(PlexItem).filter_by(show_id=sh.id, kind="episode").all()
+    eps = db.execute(
+        select(PlexItem).where(PlexItem.show_id == sh.id, PlexItem.kind == "episode")
+    ).scalars().all()
     changed = _bulk_state(background, db, user.id, eps, watched)
     return {"changed": changed, "watched": watched}
 
@@ -415,11 +434,15 @@ def season_state(
     db: Session = Depends(get_db),
 ) -> dict:
     """Mark a whole season watched/unwatched (all its episodes) for the current user + push to Plex."""
-    se = db.query(PlexSeason).filter_by(rating_key=str(rating_key)).first()
+    se = db.execute(
+        select(PlexSeason).where(PlexSeason.rating_key == str(rating_key))
+    ).scalars().first()
     if se is None:
         raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Unknown Plex season")
     watched = body.watched
-    eps = db.query(PlexItem).filter_by(season_id=se.id, kind="episode").all()
+    eps = db.execute(
+        select(PlexItem).where(PlexItem.season_id == se.id, PlexItem.kind == "episode")
+    ).scalars().all()
     changed = _bulk_state(background, db, user.id, eps, watched)
     return {"changed": changed, "watched": watched}