release: 0.114.1 (bug/notice-language)

The value sweep wrapped two plain t() values in raw(), so the delete-user and the YouTube subscribe
confirms read "[object Object]" where the email or the channel was. tsc cannot see that seam, so a
syntax contract now refuses a notice value handed to t() and an already-said text kept in a notice.
The raw() doc says what it is: text kept as fetched (a Plex title in the language it was fetched in).
seasonTitleText's no-number branches are tested.

.gitleaksignore

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+# gitleaks false positives, one fingerprint per finding (commit:file:rule:line). Each says why it is no secret.
+#
+# YouTube's public WEB InnerTube key: embedded in every youtube.com results page, read live and cached;
+# this constant is only the fallback (backend/app/youtube/innertube.py).
+8b37c470ba5d11c45757f0b2e62d660b782e816d:backend/app/youtube/innertube.py:gcp-api-key:23
+# A recorded watch-next page's continuation cursors (continuationCommand.token): page pointers, not credentials.
+8b37c470ba5d11c45757f0b2e62d660b782e816d:backend/tests/fixtures/innertube_next_first.json:generic-api-key:768
+8b37c470ba5d11c45757f0b2e62d660b782e816d:backend/tests/fixtures/innertube_next_first.json:generic-api-key:792

CHANGELOG.md

@@ -7,6 +7,79 @@ edit the release notes and re-run the generator.
 
 Upgrading, pinning a version and rolling back: [docs/self-hosting.md](docs/self-hosting.md#upgrading).
 
+## 0.114.1 — 2026-10-30
+
+### Fixed
+
+- Notifications follow a language switch: a notice on screen and every row in the notification center are said again in the new language, their buttons too.
+
+## 0.114.0 — 2026-10-29
+
+### New
+
+- Notifications: what asks for you comes first, then everything else as one stream, newest first. Read notices older than a week fold under Earlier, and Back returns to the row you left.
+
+### Fixed
+
+- Plex: a progress save sent just before an episode ends no longer leaves it unwatched, and a refused finish no longer sticks.
+- After a dialog closes, the keyboard focus returns to where it was, also inside a menu that stays open.
+
+## 0.113.0 — 2026-10-28
+
+### New
+
+- The address names what you see: tabs, list views, sorts and searches (the live YouTube search too), the YouTube player and the file viewer. A reload, a bookmark or a shared link opens the same view.
+- A link to a video reopens the player over its page once; Back closes it. A video the page no longer lists plays on its own and says so.
+
+### Fixed
+
+- Back and Forward step through the views as you saw them, across dialogs, players and reloads: a reload under an open player no longer leaves a Back step that does nothing.
+- Signed out on a Plex page, the sign-in card could show a button with no text.
+- The channel page's address names the channel and its own view, not the page under it.
+- A reload during a Plex binge reopens the episode playing now, not the one it started from.
+
+## 0.112.1 — 2026-10-27
+
+### Fixed
+
+- Security: the sign-in library is updated, closing two published vulnerabilities.
+
+## 0.112.0 — 2026-10-25
+
+### New
+
+- Player: a Related tab lists videos related to the one playing, leaving out what you have already watched (your uploaded YouTube history included). Channels you follow are marked, and you can switch between On topic and Trending.
+- Play a related video in place; Back returns to the one you opened. Admins set a daily per-user limit in Config › Quota (default 200, 0 turns it off).
+- Side panel: the list controls and the watched toggle are glyphs on one line, and Auto and Loop show when they are on, also under the pointer.
+
+### Fixed
+
+- Live search: a search that never reached YouTube no longer uses up a daily slot, a busy moment says so after a few seconds instead of waiting on, and a first page that failed offers Retry.
+- Menus: Play from the beginning wears the same ↺ glyph everywhere, and Reset its own eraser glyph.
+- On the day of this update, API searches made earlier that day stop counting toward the daily search limit, until Pacific midnight.
+
+## 0.111.0 — 2026-10-24
+
+### New
+
+- Channels › Discover from your history: the channels your uploaded YouTube history shows you watching often (five videos of five minutes or more) but not following.
+- Follow one, put it out of the list (with Undo), or open the videos you watched there and play them one by one or all in a row.
+
+### Fixed
+
+- A channel someone explored and then followed on YouTube is now part of the shared Library like any followed channel, and so are its videos; before, they could stay hidden and their watched marks never applied.
+
+## 0.110.0 — 2026-10-23
+
+### New
+
+- YouTube history: upload your Google Takeout export in Settings › Account. What you watched on YouTube is marked watched here (never a Short, never over a state you set), and your YouTube Watch later list joins yours.
+- A video the catalog does not know yet is remembered and marked once it arrives. The import's outcome reaches your inbox, and admins see each run on the Scheduler page.
+
+### Fixed
+
+- Scheduler: a channel's full-history backfill asked for again while one is running now runs after it, instead of being silently dropped.
+
 ## 0.109.2 — 2026-10-23
 
 ### Fixed

CLAUDE.md

@@ -115,6 +115,7 @@ CQRS, a repository/DI framework, a router library, a generic CRUD-router factory
 | FE keyboard shortcut                 | a row in `lib/keymap.ts` + `dispatch()`                                                                                                                                                                                                       | a private `keydown` listener with its own key literals                                                                                                                                      |
 | FE list/grid keys                    | `NavGrid`/`keyboardNav` + `navItemAttrs` + `data-nav-open`                                                                                                                                                                                    | a private arrow-key / roving-tabindex handler                                                                                                                                               |
 | FE view push (history)               | `rememberNavPosition()` right before `history.pushState`                                                                                                                                                                                      | a push that forgets: Back strands focus on `<body>`                                                                                                                                         |
+| FE view state                        | the module's URL codec: its keys in `urlKeys` (`module.ts`), read and written by `lib/<id>UrlState.ts` through `useUrlMirror` (contract-held, `e2e/bookmark.spec.ts`)                                                                         | `useState` / sessionStorage alone: a reload, a bookmark or a shared link loses the view                                                                                                     |
 | FE a page's header content           | the page renders it into the floating header itself (`PageHeader`, `ui/PageShell`)                                                                                                                                                            | a `page === …` branch in the shell's header, or a bridge carrying a page's state up to it                                                                                                   |
 | FE module store                      | its definition's `Store` (`module.ts`), mounted at the root by `ModuleStores`; it reads no other module's store (contract-held)                                                                                                               | a provider hand-nested in `main.tsx`                                                                                                                                                        |
 | FE saved views                       | the module's own store from `features/filters` (`createSavedViewsStore` + `useSavedViewsStore`)                                                                                                                                               | one store switched by the active page — every visit elsewhere reset it                                                                                                                      |

VERSION

@@ -1 +1 @@
-0.109.2
+0.114.1

backend/alembic/versions/0113_takeout_items.py

@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+"""A user's Google Takeout export: what they watched on YouTube, and their Watch later list
+
+Revision ID: 0113_takeout_items
+Revises: 0112_one_watch_later
+Create Date: 2026-10-23
+
+One row per video and kind. A video the catalog does not know yet waits with no outcome, so the id
+is not a foreign key; the partial index is what a newly known video looks its waiting rows up by.
+"""
+
+import sqlalchemy as sa
+from alembic import op
+
+revision: str = "0113_takeout_items"
+down_revision: str | None = "0112_one_watch_later"
+branch_labels: str | None = None
+depends_on: str | None = None
+
+
+def upgrade() -> None:
+    op.create_table(
+        "takeout_items",
+        sa.Column("id", sa.Integer(), primary_key=True),
+        sa.Column(
+            "user_id",
+            sa.Integer(),
+            sa.ForeignKey("users.id", ondelete="CASCADE"),
+            nullable=False,
+        ),
+        sa.Column("kind", sa.String(12), nullable=False),
+        sa.Column("video_id", sa.String(16), nullable=False),
+        sa.Column("channel_id", sa.String(32), nullable=True),
+        sa.Column("at", sa.DateTime(timezone=True), nullable=False),
+        sa.Column("outcome", sa.String(12), nullable=True),
+        sa.Column(
+            "created_at", sa.DateTime(timezone=True), server_default=sa.func.now(), nullable=False
+        ),
+        sa.UniqueConstraint("user_id", "kind", "video_id", name="uq_takeout_item"),
+        sa.CheckConstraint("kind IN ('watched', 'watch_later')", name="ck_takeout_item_kind"),
+    )
+    op.create_index(
+        "ix_takeout_items_waiting",
+        "takeout_items",
+        ["video_id"],
+        postgresql_where=sa.text("outcome IS NULL"),
+    )
+
+
+def downgrade() -> None:
+    op.drop_index("ix_takeout_items_waiting", table_name="takeout_items")
+    op.drop_table("takeout_items")

backend/alembic/versions/0114_video_unmarks.py

@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+"""When a user last took a video back to "new"
+
+Revision ID: 0114_video_unmarks
+Revises: 0113_takeout_items
+Create Date: 2026-10-23
+
+Un-marking or resetting a video leaves no `video_states` row, so this is what tells an import of the
+user's YouTube history a video they un-marked here from one never touched.
+"""
+
+import sqlalchemy as sa
+from alembic import op
+
+revision: str = "0114_video_unmarks"
+down_revision: str | None = "0113_takeout_items"
+branch_labels: str | None = None
+depends_on: str | None = None
+
+
+def upgrade() -> None:
+    op.create_table(
+        "video_unmarks",
+        sa.Column("id", sa.Integer(), primary_key=True),
+        sa.Column(
+            "user_id",
+            sa.Integer(),
+            sa.ForeignKey("users.id", ondelete="CASCADE"),
+            nullable=False,
+        ),
+        sa.Column(
+            "video_id",
+            sa.String(16),
+            sa.ForeignKey("videos.id", ondelete="CASCADE"),
+            nullable=False,
+        ),
+        sa.Column("at", sa.DateTime(timezone=True), nullable=False),
+        sa.UniqueConstraint("user_id", "video_id", name="uq_video_unmark"),
+    )
+    op.create_index("ix_video_unmarks_video_id", "video_unmarks", ["video_id"])
+
+
+def downgrade() -> None:
+    op.drop_index("ix_video_unmarks_video_id", table_name="video_unmarks")
+    op.drop_table("video_unmarks")

backend/alembic/versions/0115_takeout_channels.py

@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+"""A watched Takeout video's length, and the channels a user put out of their list
+
+Revision ID: 0115_takeout_channels
+Revises: 0114_video_unmarks
+Create Date: 2026-10-24
+
+The "channels you watch but do not follow" list counts a user's watched videos over five minutes
+by channel. The length is asked of YouTube for that list and kept on the Takeout row; a channel the
+user does not want on the list is kept apart.
+"""
+
+import sqlalchemy as sa
+from alembic import op
+
+revision: str = "0115_takeout_channels"
+down_revision: str | None = "0114_video_unmarks"
+branch_labels: str | None = None
+depends_on: str | None = None
+
+
+def upgrade() -> None:
+    op.add_column(
+        "takeout_items", sa.Column("looked_up_at", sa.DateTime(timezone=True), nullable=True)
+    )
+    op.add_column("takeout_items", sa.Column("duration_seconds", sa.Integer(), nullable=True))
+    op.create_table(
+        "takeout_channel_dismissals",
+        sa.Column("id", sa.Integer(), primary_key=True),
+        sa.Column(
+            "user_id",
+            sa.Integer(),
+            sa.ForeignKey("users.id", ondelete="CASCADE"),
+            nullable=False,
+        ),
+        sa.Column("channel_id", sa.String(32), nullable=False),
+        sa.Column(
+            "created_at",
+            sa.DateTime(timezone=True),
+            server_default=sa.func.now(),
+            nullable=False,
+        ),
+        sa.UniqueConstraint("user_id", "channel_id", name="uq_takeout_channel_dismissal"),
+    )
+
+
+def downgrade() -> None:
+    op.drop_table("takeout_channel_dismissals")
+    op.drop_column("takeout_items", "duration_seconds")
+    op.drop_column("takeout_items", "looked_up_at")

backend/alembic/versions/0116_followed_explored_channels.py

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+"""An explored channel someone follows is the catalog's own, and so are its videos
+
+Revision ID: 0116_followed_explored_channels
+Revises: 0115_takeout_channels
+Create Date: 2026-10-24
+
+A follow pulled in from YouTube (the subscription import) left an explored channel flagged as an
+exploration's, and a subscribe landing while an exploration's videos came in left those videos
+flagged on a channel that no longer was one. Both are held in the code now; this clears what they
+left: the channel of a subscription is not an exploration's, and no video is an exploration's on a
+channel that is not one. Data only, so the downgrade has nothing to undo.
+"""
+
+from alembic import op
+
+revision: str = "0116_followed_explored_channels"
+down_revision: str | None = "0115_takeout_channels"
+branch_labels: str | None = None
+depends_on: str | None = None
+
+
+def upgrade() -> None:
+    op.execute(
+        "UPDATE channels SET from_explore = false WHERE from_explore"
+        " AND EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM subscriptions s WHERE s.channel_id = channels.id)"
+    )
+    op.execute(
+        "UPDATE videos SET via_explore = false WHERE via_explore"
+        " AND channel_id IN (SELECT id FROM channels WHERE NOT from_explore)"
+    )
+
+
+def downgrade() -> None:
+    pass

backend/app/bodylimit.py

@@ -72,6 +72,13 @@ DEFAULT_MAX_BODY_BYTES = 1024 * 1024
 # A route belongs here ONLY IF ITS OWN CAP IS LARGER THAN THE DEFAULT. That is why
 # `POST /api/diagnostics/events` is absent: its `capped_body` limit is 512 KiB, already below the
 # default, so listing it could only widen what it accepts.
+# A Google Takeout file (`reader.takeout`). A real watch history measured 3.7 MB for 9500 views, ~390
+# bytes a view, so 32 MiB holds ~86k views. YouTube keeps the history 36 months by default on an
+# account made since mid-2020 and for good on an older one, so a heavy viewer's can pass 16 MiB. The
+# file's text is decoded a window at a time and read an entry at a time (`takeout._json_list`), so
+# it costs its bytes and a window, not a tree of it; the route takes two at once across every user.
+TAKEOUT_MAX_BYTES = 32 * 1024 * 1024
+
 ROUTE_MAX_BODY_BYTES: dict[tuple[str, str], int] = {
     # Ingesting a local file. The body IS the file now — no multipart envelope to allow for —
     # so this ceiling and the route's own cap count exactly the same bytes. `sysconfig`'s
@@ -95,6 +102,7 @@ ROUTE_MAX_BODY_BYTES: dict[tuple[str, str], int] = {
     # sending it at all, off the `upload_max_bytes` that `GET /api/files/usage` reports.
     ("POST", "/api/files/upload"): settings.download_upload_max_bytes,
     ("POST", "/api/debug-sessions/{sid}/screenshots"): debugsession.SCREENSHOT_MAX_BYTES,
+    ("POST", "/api/takeout"): TAKEOUT_MAX_BYTES,
 }
 
 # The refusal, byte-for-byte what `capped_body`'s `HTTPException(413, {"code": "too_large"})` renders

backend/app/catalog/models.py

@@ -71,10 +71,12 @@ class Channel(Base, TimestampMixin):
         Boolean, default=False, server_default="false", index=True
     )
     # True when this channel exists only because a user EXPLORED it (opened its page without
-    # subscribing) — an ephemeral, per-explorer addition. The cleanup job hard-deletes such a
-    # channel (and its via_explore videos) once nobody keeps it (no subscription, no live
-    # ExploredChannel row, no per-user state) after a grace period. Cleared when someone
-    # subscribes (the "keep" signal promotes it to organic).
+    # subscribing) — an ephemeral, per-explorer addition. After a grace period the cleanup job
+    # hard-deletes its via_explore videos nobody keeps (no subscription, no live ExploredChannel
+    # row, no per-user state), and then the channel row itself once it holds no videos — unless a
+    # Takeout watch history shows it watched: the "watched but not followed" list names it from
+    # that row. Cleared when someone subscribes, here or on YouTube (the "keep" signal promotes it
+    # to organic).
     from_explore: Mapped[bool] = mapped_column(
         Boolean, default=False, server_default="false", index=True
     )
@@ -235,8 +237,9 @@ class ExploredChannel(Base, TimestampMixin):
     Exploring an un-subscribed channel ingests its recent uploads (flagged via_explore) so the
     user can browse them, but keeps them out of everyone else's catalog. This row (a) gates the
     explorer's access to those ephemeral videos in the feed query and (b) drives the grace-period
-    purge: a from_explore channel with no live ExploredChannel row (and no subscription / no
-    per-user state on its videos) is hard-deleted by the cleanup job. Subscribing is the "keep"
+    purge: of a from_explore channel with no live ExploredChannel row (and no subscription) the
+    cleanup job hard-deletes the videos without per-user state, then the channel once it holds none
+    and no Takeout watch history shows it watched. Subscribing is the "keep"
     signal — it promotes the channel to organic and these rows become irrelevant. `created_at`
     (from TimestampMixin) is the grace clock; a re-visit refreshes it."""
 

backend/app/catalog/queries.py

@@ -158,6 +158,19 @@ def blocked_ids(db: Session, user: User) -> set[str]:
     )
 
 
+def followed_among(db: Session, user: User, channel_ids: set[str]) -> set[str]:
+    """Which of these channels the user subscribes to."""
+    if not channel_ids:
+        return set()
+    return set(
+        db.scalars(
+            select(Subscription.channel_id).where(
+                owned_by(Subscription.user_id, user), Subscription.channel_id.in_(channel_ids)
+            )
+        )
+    )
+
+
 def blocked_channels(db: Session, user: User, lang: str) -> list[Channel]:
     return list(
         db.execute(

backend/app/catalog/search.py

@@ -75,7 +75,8 @@ def ingest_candidates(
 ) -> list[str]:
     """Materialise one page of search candidates into the catalog (channel stubs + enrich,
     video stubs flagged via_search, enrich, Shorts classification) and return the KEEPABLE
-    video ids — non-Short, non-live — in the input relevance order."""
+    video ids — non-Short, non-live — in the input relevance order. A videos.list that fails
+    raises its YouTubeError: with nothing enriched, nothing could be kept."""
     ids = [it["id"] for it in candidates]
     if not ids:
         return []
@@ -132,13 +133,16 @@ def ingest_candidates(
         with quota.attribute(user.id, quota.QuotaAction.VIDEOS_ENRICH):
             detail_by_id = {it["id"]: it for it in yt.get_videos(ids)}
     except YouTubeError:
-        # Every candidate then stays unenriched, and an unenriched video cannot be judged live or
-        # Short — so it is dropped. A working search returns nothing and reads as "no results".
+        # An unenriched video cannot be judged live or Short, so none of this page could be kept:
+        # swallowed, the failure answered as a page with nothing on it — "no results" for a search
+        # that never ran (the shared budget spent, no API key). The stubs stay (`insert_stubs`
+        # committed them), as the channels' do above; the caller answers the failure (its refusal
+        # says which).
         log.warning(
             "the videos found by a search could not be enriched",
             extra=logs.event("search.video_enrich_failed", candidates=len(ids)),
         )
-        detail_by_id = {}
+        raise
     enriched_at = datetime.now(
         timezone.utc
     )  # when THIS enrich ran (distinct from the stub placeholder)
@@ -212,17 +216,25 @@ def clear(db: Session, user: User, video_ids: list[str]) -> int:
     """Discard these results "as if never added": drop this user's finds of them, then delete the
     ones nobody kept — a `via_search` video no reader holds (`reader.queries.kept_by_a_reader`),
     whose channel nobody subscribes to, and that no other user still has as a find. Returns how
-    many videos went."""
-    db.execute(
-        delete(SearchFind).where(
-            owned_by(SearchFind.user_id, user), SearchFind.video_id.in_(video_ids)
+    many videos went.
+
+    Only the ones this user found: a video in the catalog with no find at all (a related list's,
+    which records none) is in someone's list right now, and an id any user could name would let
+    them delete it from under that list."""
+    mine = list(
+        db.scalars(
+            delete(SearchFind)
+            .where(owned_by(SearchFind.user_id, user), SearchFind.video_id.in_(video_ids))
+            .returning(SearchFind.video_id)
         )
     )
+    if not mine:
+        return 0
     subscribed = select(Subscription.id).where(Subscription.channel_id == Video.channel_id).exists()
     other_find = select(SearchFind.id).where(SearchFind.video_id == Video.id).exists()
     result = db.execute(
         delete(Video).where(
-            Video.id.in_(video_ids),
+            Video.id.in_(mine),
             Video.via_search.is_(True),
             ~reader_queries.kept_by_a_reader(Video.id),
             ~subscribed,

backend/app/catalog/service.py

@@ -96,13 +96,24 @@ def record_subscription(db: Session, user: User, channel: Channel, yt_subscripti
             subscribed_at=datetime.now(timezone.utc),
         )
     )
-    if channel.from_explore:
-        channel.from_explore = False
-        db.execute(
-            update(Video)
-            .where(Video.channel_id == channel.id, Video.via_explore.is_(True))
-            .values(via_explore=False)
-        )
+    db.flush()
+    settle_explored(db, channel)
+
+
+def settle_explored(db: Session, channel: Channel) -> None:
+    """Hold the rule that a channel's videos are an exploration's only while nobody follows it,
+    decided by who follows it now, not by the flag held in memory: a subscribe in another request
+    may have cleared that while YouTube answered this one, and the videos that came in meanwhile
+    would stay flagged. A channel someone follows, however the follow came (here or pulled in from
+    YouTube), is the catalog's own, and so are its videos."""
+    if channel.from_explore and not queries.followed(db, channel.id):
+        return
+    channel.from_explore = False
+    db.execute(
+        update(Video)
+        .where(Video.channel_id == channel.id, Video.via_explore.is_(True))
+        .values(via_explore=False)
+    )
     db.flush()
 
 

backend/app/config.py

@@ -113,6 +113,11 @@ class Settings(BaseSettings):
     # each search.list costs 100 units, so the shared budget only affords ~80-90/day total; with
     # the zero-quota scrape source it's a pure anti-abuse rate limit. Admin-tunable.
     search_daily_limit_per_user: int = 70
+    # Per-user cap on related-video requests per day — a list opened and each "Show more" (the
+    # InnerTube watch page, no quota; its enrich is up to ~8 units: up to 4 pages, each a videos.list
+    # and a channels.list). A failed one gives its slot back. 0 turns related videos off.
+    # Admin-tunable.
+    related_daily_limit_per_user: int = 200
     # Source for live YouTube search: "scrape" (InnerTube, no API quota) or "api" (search.list,
     # 100 units/page). Scrape is the default; flip to "api" if scraping is blocked/breaks.
     search_source: SearchSource = "scrape"

backend/app/jobruns.py

@@ -119,6 +119,16 @@ def recent_runs(db: Session, jobs: list[str], per_job: int) -> dict[str, list[Jo
     return out
 
 
+def last_run(db: Session, job: str, target: str) -> JobRun | None:
+    """The newest run of an ad-hoc `job` on `target` (a user's own import), or None."""
+    return db.execute(
+        select(JobRun)
+        .where(JobRun.job == job, JobRun.target == target)
+        .order_by(JobRun.started_at.desc(), JobRun.id.desc())
+        .limit(1)
+    ).scalar_one_or_none()
+
+
 def gc(db: Session, retention_days: int) -> int:
     """Delete finished runs older than `retention_days` (0 = keep forever). A run still going is
     never reaped. The caller commits."""

backend/app/plex/service.py

@@ -6,9 +6,9 @@ The rest of the mirror's writes stay with the sync (`plex.sync`): a collection's
 after a write-back, its local cleanup after a delete.
 """
 
-from datetime import datetime, timezone
+from datetime import datetime, timedelta, timezone
 
-from sqlalchemy import CursorResult, delete, func, select, update
+from sqlalchemy import CursorResult, delete, func, or_, select, update
 from sqlalchemy.dialects.postgresql import insert as pg_insert
 from sqlalchemy.orm import Session
 
@@ -271,6 +271,10 @@ def reorder_playlist(db: Session, pl: PlexPlaylist, rating_keys: list[str]) -> N
 
 # --- a user's watch state --------------------------------------------------------------------
 
+# How long after a watched mark a mid-item position is read as the finishing player's late tick
+# (`checkpoint`): the tick is every 10 s, plus the request's own latency and a retry.
+_LATE_CHECKPOINT_S = 30
+
 
 def mark_finished(db: Session, user_id: int, item_id: int, now: datetime) -> bool:
     """Mark the item watched (position cleared) and say whether THIS call made it so. Two near-end
@@ -352,16 +356,33 @@ def checkpoint(
     now: datetime,
     *,
     dirty: bool,
-) -> PlexState:
-    """Record a resume position. `dirty` marks it not yet mirrored to Plex — set before a push, so
-    the reconcile re-pushes it if the push fails and the push can settle it once Plex confirms."""
+) -> bool:
+    """Record a resume position, and say whether it was recorded. `dirty` marks it not yet mirrored
+    to Plex — set before a push, so the reconcile re-pushes it if the push fails and the push can
+    settle it once Plex confirms.
+
+    Not onto a row marked watched in the last `_LATE_CHECKPOINT_S`: that position is the player's
+    tick sent just before its own finish (or a mark from another tab), and writing it made a watched
+    item in progress again — on Plex too, through the resume push it carried. Decided by the write
+    itself, since the mark can commit between any read here and the write. A rewatch is checkpointed
+    as before once the mark is that far behind it."""
     st = state_row(db, user, item_id, st)
-    st.position_seconds = position
-    st.progress_updated_at = now
+    values: dict[str, object] = {"position_seconds": position, "progress_updated_at": now}
     if dirty:
-        st.synced_to_plex = False
+        values["synced_to_plex"] = False
+    not_just_finished = or_(
+        PlexState.status != "watched",
+        PlexState.watched_at.is_(None),
+        PlexState.watched_at <= now - timedelta(seconds=_LATE_CHECKPOINT_S),
+    )
+    result = db.execute(
+        update(PlexState)
+        .where(PlexState.id == st.id, not_just_finished)
+        .values(values)
+        .execution_options(synchronize_session="fetch")
+    )
     db.flush()
-    return st
+    return isinstance(result, CursorResult) and result.rowcount > 0
 
 
 def forget_state(db: Session, st: PlexState) -> None:

backend/app/plex/stream.py

@@ -66,7 +66,9 @@ _SESSION_IDLE_S = 600  # reap a session with no access for this long
 # restart leaves them behind like any other. `sweep_orphans` deletes ONLY names
 # matching one of those two shapes: `_HLS_ROOT` is admin-configurable (PLEX_HLS_DIR), so it may
 # legitimately point at a shared scratch path we do not own, and a blanket "delete every directory
-# under the root" would take the neighbours with it.
+# under the root" would take the neighbours with it. A torn-down session's directory is renamed to
+# its own name + `_TOMB` + 8 hex digits before it is deleted (see `_detach`), so a crash between the
+# two leaves a name this sweep still recognises.
 #
 # The KEY is anchored to digits (a Plex rating_key is a number) — that is what keeps foreign names
 # out. A `.+` there let `snapshot_2024_backup_+1.00` through, and pairing `.+` with an optional tail
@@ -74,8 +76,10 @@ _SESSION_IDLE_S = 600  # reap a session with no access for this long
 # non-numeric rating_key would merely leave its directory unswept, which is the safe direction to
 # fail. Covered by test_plex_stream.py — this regex is the only thing standing between the sweep
 # and someone else's data.
+_TOMB = ".dead-"
 _SESSION_DIR_RE = re.compile(
-    r"^\d+_\d+(_[^_]+_[+-]\d+\.\d{2})?$|^\d+_u\d+_\d+_[^_]+_[+-]\d+\.\d{2}$"
+    r"^\d+_\d+(_[^_]+_[+-]\d+\.\d{2})?$"
+    rf"|^\d+_u\d+_\d+_[^_]+_[+-]\d+\.\d{{2}}({re.escape(_TOMB)}[0-9a-f]{{8}})?$"
 )
 # When this process started. `sweep_orphans` only deletes directories older than this: everything
 # newer belongs to a session THIS run created, and since `start_session` reuses a directory path
@@ -93,7 +97,7 @@ _MTIME_GRACE_S = 2.0
 
 _lock = threading.Lock()
 # Keyed by VIEWER and item, (user_id, rating_key). Keyed by the item alone, a second account opening
-# the same film `_kill`ed the first one's session: the displaced viewer got a 404, reclaimed at its
+# the same film tore down the first one's session: the displaced viewer got a 404, reclaimed at its
 # playhead, and so evicted the other in turn — two people could not watch one film at once. (One
 # account on two devices still shares a session; that case ends in the player's bounded reclaim.)
 _sessions: dict[tuple[int, str], "HlsSession"] = {}
@@ -641,29 +645,82 @@ def _probe_first_pts(seg: Path) -> float | None:
     return None
 
 
-def _kill(s: HlsSession) -> None:
+# Teardown is split in two, because every segment request and checkpoint takes `_lock`: waiting up to
+# 3 s for an ffmpeg to exit and deleting a whole segmented film under it stalled every other
+# viewer's playback for one viewer's seek or one reap pass. `_detach` (under the lock) signals the
+# process and renames its directory aside — so the deletion can never hit a NEW session that reuses
+# the path — and `_finish` (after the lock is released) waits and deletes.
+#
+# What the rename cannot cover is the dying ffmpeg itself: it writes by path, so until it has exited
+# it can still put a segment, or its final ENDLIST playlist, into a new session's directory on the
+# same path. `_dying` remembers it by that path, and `_spawn` waits it out — under the lock, on
+# purpose — before it creates the directory again.
+_dying: dict[Path, subprocess.Popen] = {}
+
+
+def _await_exit(key: str, proc: subprocess.Popen) -> None:
     try:
-        s.proc.terminate()
         try:
-            s.proc.wait(timeout=3)
+            proc.wait(timeout=3)
         # silent-ok: the escalation IS the handling. A transcode that ignores TERM for three
         # seconds gets KILL, which is exactly what this branch does.
         except subprocess.TimeoutExpired:
-            s.proc.kill()
+            proc.kill()
     except Exception as exc:  # noqa: BLE001 — teardown finishes whatever the process does
         # Not nothing: what survives this is an ffmpeg nobody owns any more, holding a VAAPI
         # handle and a core, and the transcode cap that is supposed to bound them counts rows in
         # `_sessions` rather than processes. One line is the only way that ever surfaces.
+        log.info(
+            "could not stop the transcode process",
+            extra=logs.event("plex.stream.kill_failed", key=key, reason=type(exc).__name__),
+        )
+
+
+def _detach(s: HlsSession) -> tuple[HlsSession, Path | None]:
+    """Caller holds _lock and has taken `s` out of `_sessions`. Hand the result to `_finish` once the
+    lock is released."""
+    try:
+        s.proc.terminate()
+    except Exception as exc:  # noqa: BLE001 — teardown finishes whatever the process does
         log.info(
             "could not stop the transcode process",
             extra=logs.event("plex.stream.kill_failed", key=s.key, reason=type(exc).__name__),
         )
-    shutil.rmtree(s.dir, ignore_errors=True)
+    _dying[s.dir] = s.proc
+    tomb = s.dir.with_name(f"{s.dir.name}{_TOMB}{secrets.token_hex(4)}")
+    try:
+        s.dir.rename(tomb)
+    # silent-ok: nothing on disk (ffmpeg died before writing, or a sweep took it) — nothing to delete.
+    except FileNotFoundError:
+        return s, None
+    except OSError as exc:
+        # Cannot be moved aside, so it cannot be deleted outside the lock either: the path may be a
+        # new session's a moment from now. Deleted here instead, the old way.
+        log.info(
+            "a session directory could not be moved aside; deleted under the lock",
+            extra=logs.event("plex.stream.tomb_failed", key=s.key, reason=type(exc).__name__),
+        )
+        shutil.rmtree(s.dir, ignore_errors=True)
+        return s, None
+    return s, tomb
 
 
-def _enforce_caps(user_id: int, max_transcodes: int, max_sessions: int) -> None:
-    """Caller holds _lock. Three bounds, applied after a session is registered, each dropping the
-    least recently accessed sessions over it:
+def _finish(doomed: "list[tuple[HlsSession, Path | None]]") -> None:
+    """The slow half of a teardown, called WITHOUT `_lock`."""
+    for s, tomb in doomed:
+        _await_exit(s.key, s.proc)
+        with _lock:
+            if _dying.get(s.dir) is s.proc:
+                del _dying[s.dir]
+        if tomb is not None:
+            shutil.rmtree(tomb, ignore_errors=True)
+
+
+def _enforce_caps(
+    user_id: int, max_transcodes: int, max_sessions: int
+) -> "list[tuple[HlsSession, Path | None]]":
+    """Caller holds _lock, and `_finish`es what this returns once it has released it. Three bounds,
+    applied after a session is registered, each dropping the least recently accessed sessions over it:
 
     * this account's own sessions (`_MAX_SESSIONS_PER_USER`) — first, so a single account filling the
       box evicts itself before anyone else;
@@ -676,6 +733,8 @@ def _enforce_caps(user_id: int, max_transcodes: int, max_sessions: int) -> None:
     and the player restarts at the playhead, so from the server nothing failed — and "my film keeps
     rebuffering" has no other explanation anywhere, hence the line."""
 
+    doomed: list[tuple[HlsSession, Path | None]] = []
+
     def cull(pool: list[tuple[tuple[int, str], HlsSession]], cap: int, bound: str) -> None:
         if len(pool) <= cap:
             return
@@ -690,12 +749,13 @@ def _enforce_caps(user_id: int, max_transcodes: int, max_sessions: int) -> None:
                     sessions=len(pool),
                 ),
             )
-            _kill(sess)
             _sessions.pop(reg, None)
+            doomed.append(_detach(sess))
 
     cull([kv for kv in _sessions.items() if kv[0][0] == user_id], _MAX_SESSIONS_PER_USER, "user")
     cull([kv for kv in _sessions.items() if kv[1].transcode], max_transcodes, "transcode")
     cull(list(_sessions.items()), max_sessions, "total")
+    return doomed
 
 
 def start_session(
@@ -759,68 +819,79 @@ def start_session(
         # can't starve the co-located API/playback. preexec_fn runs in the forked child (POSIX); on a
         # platform without fork (the API always runs in a Linux container in prod) it's simply omitted.
         preexec = _sw_child_preexec if (transcode and not hw and os.name == "posix") else None
-        with _lock:
-            if replace_only is not None and _sessions.get(reg) is not replace_only:
-                return None  # superseded/culled while we waited out of lock — don't clobber the newer one
-            old = _sessions.pop(reg, None)
-            if old is not None:
-                _kill(old)
-            shutil.rmtree(directory, ignore_errors=True)
-            directory.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
-            proc = subprocess.Popen(
-                _ffmpeg_cmd(
-                    src,
-                    start_s,
+        doomed: list[tuple[HlsSession, Path | None]] = []
+        # Finished even when the new session fails to start (no space, no ffmpeg, a DB error): what
+        # was moved aside under the lock is otherwise left for a restart's sweep.
+        try:
+            with _lock:
+                if replace_only is not None and _sessions.get(reg) is not replace_only:
+                    return None  # superseded/culled while we waited out of lock — don't clobber the newer one
+                old = _sessions.pop(reg, None)
+                if old is not None:
+                    doomed.append(_detach(old))
+                # An ffmpeg still exiting from THIS path (the old session, or one stopped a moment ago)
+                # would write into the directory about to be made; see `_dying`.
+                prev = _dying.pop(directory, None)
+                if prev is not None:
+                    _await_exit(key, prev)
+                shutil.rmtree(directory, ignore_errors=True)
+                directory.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+                proc = subprocess.Popen(
+                    _ffmpeg_cmd(
+                        src,
+                        start_s,
+                        directory,
+                        audio_ord,
+                        aoff,
+                        audio_langs if is_multi else None,
+                        transcode=transcode,
+                        hw=hw,
+                        tonemap=tonemap,
+                        preset=preset,
+                        crf=crf,
+                        max_height=max_height,
+                        loudnorm=loudnorm,
+                    ),
+                    stdout=subprocess.DEVNULL,
+                    stderr=subprocess.DEVNULL,
+                    preexec_fn=preexec,
+                )
+                s = HlsSession(
+                    key,
                     directory,
-                    audio_ord,
-                    aoff,
-                    audio_langs if is_multi else None,
+                    proc,
+                    start_s,
+                    variants,
                     transcode=transcode,
                     hw=hw,
                     tonemap=tonemap,
-                    preset=preset,
-                    crf=crf,
-                    max_height=max_height,
-                    loudnorm=loudnorm,
-                ),
-                stdout=subprocess.DEVNULL,
-                stderr=subprocess.DEVNULL,
-                preexec_fn=preexec,
-            )
-            s = HlsSession(
-                key,
-                directory,
-                proc,
-                start_s,
-                variants,
-                transcode=transcode,
-                hw=hw,
-                tonemap=tonemap,
-                user_id=user_id,
-            )
-            _sessions[reg] = s
-            # The one line that says which pipeline a session actually got. Everything downstream
-            # — the cap, the HW→SW fallback, the subtitle offset — is about this choice, and until
-            # now it was only inferable from the ffmpeg command nobody keeps.
-            log.info(
-                "an HLS session started",
-                extra=logs.event(
-                    "plex.stream.session_started",
-                    key=key,
-                    transcode=transcode,
-                    hw=hw,
-                    tonemap=tonemap,
-                    variants=len(variants or ()),
-                    start_s=round(start_s, 1),
-                ),
-            )
-            # Admin-configurable caps (Configuration → Plex); at least 1 each so playback can't be
-            # capped to zero.
-            _enforce_caps(
-                user_id,
-                max(1, sysconfig.get_int(db, "plex_max_transcodes")),
-                max(1, sysconfig.get_int(db, "plex_max_sessions")),
-            )
+                    user_id=user_id,
+                )
+                _sessions[reg] = s
+                # The one line that says which pipeline a session actually got. Everything downstream
+                # — the cap, the HW→SW fallback, the subtitle offset — is about this choice, and until
+                # now it was only inferable from the ffmpeg command nobody keeps.
+                log.info(
+                    "an HLS session started",
+                    extra=logs.event(
+                        "plex.stream.session_started",
+                        key=key,
+                        transcode=transcode,
+                        hw=hw,
+                        tonemap=tonemap,
+                        variants=len(variants or ()),
+                        start_s=round(start_s, 1),
+                    ),
+                )
+                # Admin-configurable caps (Configuration → Plex); at least 1 each so playback can't be
+                # capped to zero.
+                doomed += _enforce_caps(
+                    user_id,
+                    max(1, sysconfig.get_int(db, "plex_max_transcodes")),
+                    max(1, sysconfig.get_int(db, "plex_max_sessions")),
+                )
+        finally:
+            _finish(doomed)
         return s
 
     s = _spawn(*_select_encode(db, item, transcode, src))
@@ -974,6 +1045,11 @@ def artifact_may_arrive(s: "HlsSession", filename: str) -> bool:
     # session, absent for a single-audio one.
     if variant not in (s.variants or (None,)):
         return False
+    # And the name must be the one ffmpeg SPELLS for that sequence: `int()` also reads `seg_007.ts`
+    # and a non-ASCII digit run as a sequence the session may have reached, and neither file is
+    # ever written — a yes there parked the request for the whole wait.
+    if filename != segment_name(seq, variant):
+        return False
     if seq == 0:
         return True
     try:
@@ -1108,16 +1184,16 @@ def reap_idle(finished_idle_s: float = _FINISHED_IDLE_S) -> int:
     `reap_abandoned` bought the same safety by keeping every finished session for ten minutes — each
     one a whole segmented copy of the film on a volume shared with the download center."""
     now = time.time()
-    dropped = 0
+    doomed: list[tuple[HlsSession, Path | None]] = []
     with _lock:
         for reg, s in list(_sessions.items()):
             done = s.proc.poll() is not None
             idle = now - s.last_access
             if idle > _SESSION_IDLE_S or (done and idle > finished_idle_s):
-                _kill(s)
                 _sessions.pop(reg, None)
-                dropped += 1
-    return dropped
+                doomed.append(_detach(s))
+    _finish(doomed)
+    return len(doomed)
 
 
 def stop_session(user_id: int, key: str, session_id: str) -> bool:
@@ -1132,8 +1208,9 @@ def stop_session(user_id: int, key: str, session_id: str) -> bool:
         s = _sessions.get((user_id, key))
         if s is None or s.id != session_id:
             return False
-        _kill(s)
         _sessions.pop((user_id, key), None)
+        doomed = [_detach(s)]
+    _finish(doomed)
     return True
 
 

backend/app/quota.py

@@ -44,6 +44,7 @@ class QuotaAction:
     VIDEOS_ENRICH = "videos_enrich"
     VIDEOS_LOOKUP = "videos_lookup"
     VIDEOS_SEARCH = "videos_search"
+    VIDEOS_RELATED = "videos_related"
     CHANNELS_DISCOVER = "channels_discover"
     CHANNELS_EXPLORE = "channels_explore"
     CHANNELS_SUBSCRIBE = "channels_subscribe"
@@ -142,7 +143,7 @@ def backfill_reserve_reached() -> bool:
     condition for every backfill/explore path (recent, deep, immediate full-history, explore, and
     rolling revalidation).
 
-    Reads in its OWN short-lived session (like record_usage / log_action), for two reasons: it
+    Reads in its OWN short-lived session (like record_usage / claim_action), for two reasons: it
     replaces the remaining/reserve comparison that was open-coded at every call site, and — critically
     for the per-page guards in paging loops — a guard must not hold the caller's transaction open
     across the network fetch that follows it. Quota is committed independently of any caller, so a
@@ -151,24 +152,40 @@ def backfill_reserve_reached() -> bool:
         return remaining_today(qs) <= sysconfig.get_int(qs, "backfill_quota_reserve")
 
 
-def log_action(user_id: int, action: str) -> None:
-    """Record a zero-cost action event so per-user daily caps still count it.
+def claim_action(user_id: int, action: str, limit: int) -> int | None:
+    """Take one of this user's `limit` daily `action` slots, or None when they are all taken — the
+    check and the take in one transaction, under a lock per user and action. Checked first and
+    logged after the work, N requests sent together at the last free slot all passed the check
+    (the work in between is seconds of scraping). Returns the event's id, for `refund_action` when
+    the work then produced nothing.
 
-    `record_usage` only logs when units are actually charged; a scrape-based search spends no
-    quota yet must still be rate-limited per user, so it logs its event here directly.
-
-    Writes in its OWN session (like record_usage) — quota accounting is durable independent of the
-    caller's transaction and must never commit the caller's session (that would flush a job's
-    partial state mid-run, defeating its own rollback)."""
+    The ONE way to count a capped action: a claim is a zero-unit event, and `actions_today` counts
+    those alone, so a call the action then pays for (search.list's own `record_usage` event, under
+    the same action) is accounting, never a second slot. Own session, committed at once — quota
+    accounting is durable whatever the caller's transaction does next, and must never commit it."""
     with SessionLocal() as qs:
-        qs.add(QuotaEvent(user_id=user_id, action=action, units=0))
+        qs.execute(select(func.pg_advisory_xact_lock(func.hashtext(action), user_id)))
+        if actions_today(qs, user_id, action) >= limit:
+            return None
+        event = QuotaEvent(user_id=user_id, action=action, units=0)
+        qs.add(event)
+        qs.commit()
+        return event.id
+
+
+def refund_action(event_id: int) -> None:
+    """Give a slot `claim_action` took back: the work it was taken for failed outright, and a
+    request that showed the user nothing must not count against them."""
+    with SessionLocal() as qs:
+        qs.execute(delete(QuotaEvent).where(QuotaEvent.id == event_id))
         qs.commit()
 
 
 def actions_today(db: Session, user_id: int, action: str) -> int:
-    """How many quota events of `action` this user has logged so far in the current Pacific
-    day — for per-user, per-action daily caps (e.g. the live-search limit). Counts events,
-    not units, so it only works for actions charged exactly once per user action."""
+    """How many slots of `action` this user has claimed so far in the current Pacific day — for
+    per-user, per-action daily caps (the live search, the related lists). Counts the zero-unit
+    claim events (`claim_action`) only: `record_usage`'s events for units the action spent are not
+    slots (it logs only when units were charged)."""
     return (
         db.scalar(
             select(func.count())
@@ -176,6 +193,7 @@ def actions_today(db: Session, user_id: int, action: str) -> int:
             .where(
                 owned_by(QuotaEvent.user_id, user_id),
                 QuotaEvent.action == action,
+                QuotaEvent.units == 0,
                 QuotaEvent.created_at >= pacific_day_start_utc(),
             )
         )

backend/app/ratelimit.py

@@ -42,6 +42,14 @@ class RateLimiter:
         with self._lock:
             return sum(c for t, c in self._hits.get(key, []) if t > cutoff) >= self.max_events
 
+    def room(self, key: str) -> float:
+        """How much cost ``key`` may still spend in the current window, WITHOUT counting anything —
+        for work counted only once it has succeeded: ask it first, ``allow`` what was done."""
+        cutoff = time.monotonic() - self.window
+        with self._lock:
+            used = sum(c for t, c in self._hits.get(key, []) if t > cutoff)
+        return max(0.0, self.max_events - used)
+
     def allow(self, key: str, cost: float = 1) -> bool:
         """Record an attempt costing ``cost`` for ``key`` and return whether it is within the limit.
 

backend/app/reader/models.py

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ and the comfort shelf on Home. Only this unit writes them; another unit reads th
 edge, or asks this unit's service."""
 
 from datetime import datetime
+from enum import StrEnum
 
 from sqlalchemy import (
     Boolean,
@@ -84,6 +85,21 @@ class VideoState(Base, UpdatedAtMixin):
     progress_updated_at: Mapped[datetime | None] = mapped_column(DateTime(timezone=True))
 
 
+class VideoUnmark(Base):
+    """When the user last took a video back to "new" here — un-marked it, or reset it. That leaves
+    no `VideoState` (its absence is "new"), so without this row a later import of what they watched
+    on YouTube could not tell a video they un-marked from one never touched, and marked it watched
+    again. Kept by user and video; the video's own deletion takes it."""
+
+    __tablename__ = "video_unmarks"
+    __table_args__ = (UniqueConstraint("user_id", "video_id", name="uq_video_unmark"),)
+
+    id: Mapped[int] = mapped_column(primary_key=True)
+    user_id: Mapped[int] = mapped_column(ForeignKey("users.id", ondelete="CASCADE"))
+    video_id: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(ForeignKey("videos.id", ondelete="CASCADE"), index=True)
+    at: Mapped[datetime] = mapped_column(DateTime(timezone=True))
+
+
 class Playlist(Base, TimestampMixin, UpdatedAtMixin):
     """A per-user named, ordered collection of videos from the shared catalog.
 
@@ -213,3 +229,70 @@ class ComfortPin(Base, TimestampMixin):
     # 0-based shelf order. The shelf is short and hand-curated, so a dense integer the reorder
     # endpoint rewrites wholesale beats a fractional index nobody would ever exercise here.
     position: Mapped[int] = mapped_column(Integer, default=0, server_default="0", nullable=False)
+
+
+class TakeoutKind(StrEnum):
+    """What a Google Takeout row says the user did with a video."""
+
+    WATCHED = "watched"  # history/watch-history.json
+    WATCH_LATER = "watch_later"  # playlists/Watch later-videos.csv
+
+
+class TakeoutOutcome(StrEnum):
+    """What the import did with a row; NULL = still waiting for its video to be known (and, for a
+    watched one, probed for Shorts)."""
+
+    WATCHED = "watched"  # the video is marked watched at the Takeout time
+    KEPT = "kept"  # the state the user set here (watched, hidden, or changed later) stays
+    SHORT = "short"  # a Short: swiping one past is not watching it
+    ADDED = "added"  # added to Watch later
+    PRESENT = "present"  # already in Watch later
+    MISSING = "missing"  # YouTube no longer has the video
+
+
+class TakeoutItem(Base, TimestampMixin):
+    """One video from a user's Google Takeout export: watched (with when) or in their YouTube Watch
+    later list (with when it was added). The rows are both the import job's input and its memory: a
+    video the catalog does not know yet waits here, with no outcome, until it enters the catalog.
+    The id is not a foreign key for that reason. A watched row's channel and length feed the
+    "channels you watch but do not follow" list: the length is asked of YouTube for that list alone
+    and kept here, so its videos need not enter the shared catalog to be counted."""
+
+    __tablename__ = "takeout_items"
+    __table_args__ = (
+        UniqueConstraint("user_id", "kind", "video_id", name="uq_takeout_item"),
+        CheckConstraint("kind IN ('watched', 'watch_later')", name="ck_takeout_item_kind"),
+        # The waiting rows, by video: what a newly known video looks up.
+        Index(
+            "ix_takeout_items_waiting",
+            "video_id",
+            postgresql_where=text("outcome IS NULL"),
+        ),
+    )
+
+    id: Mapped[int] = mapped_column(primary_key=True)
+    user_id: Mapped[int] = mapped_column(ForeignKey("users.id", ondelete="CASCADE"))
+    kind: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(String(12))
+    video_id: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(String(16))
+    channel_id: Mapped[str | None] = mapped_column(String(32))
+    # Watched: the last time in the export; Watch later: when it was added.
+    at: Mapped[datetime] = mapped_column(DateTime(timezone=True))
+    outcome: Mapped[str | None] = mapped_column(String(12))
+    # When YouTube was asked for the video's length (NULL = not yet), and the length it gave; a
+    # video it no longer has keeps a NULL length.
+    looked_up_at: Mapped[datetime | None] = mapped_column(DateTime(timezone=True))
+    duration_seconds: Mapped[int | None] = mapped_column(Integer)
+
+
+class TakeoutChannelDismissal(Base, TimestampMixin):
+    """A channel the user put out of their "watched but not followed" list. The id is not a foreign
+    key: the channel may never have entered the catalog, or may leave it, and the choice stays."""
+
+    __tablename__ = "takeout_channel_dismissals"
+    __table_args__ = (
+        UniqueConstraint("user_id", "channel_id", name="uq_takeout_channel_dismissal"),
+    )
+
+    id: Mapped[int] = mapped_column(primary_key=True)
+    user_id: Mapped[int] = mapped_column(ForeignKey("users.id", ondelete="CASCADE"))
+    channel_id: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(String(32))

backend/app/reader/queries.py

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-"""Reader's reads: a user's labels, saved views, watch state and playlists, for the HTTP layer and
-for the other units that ask about them.
+"""Reader's reads: a user's labels, saved views, watch state, playlists and Takeout import, for the HTTP
+layer and for the other units that ask about them.
 
 Every read of a user's row goes through `userscope`, so "someone else's row" is the same answer as
 a missing one. Reader reads Catalog's videos along its declared edge (a playlist's cover and
@@ -7,14 +7,28 @@ length, whether a video exists); another unit asks the questions at the end of t
 than joining Reader's tables itself.
 """
 
+from collections.abc import Iterable
+from datetime import datetime
+
 from sqlalchemy import ColumnElement, and_, func, or_, select
 from sqlalchemy.orm import InstrumentedAttribute, Session, aliased
 
 from app.collation import collated
 from app.feedquery import feed_columns, serialize
 from app.models import User
-from app.catalog.models import Channel, Subscription, Video
-from app.reader.models import ChannelTag, Playlist, PlaylistItem, SavedView, Tag, VideoState
+from app.catalog.models import BlockedChannel, Channel, Subscription, Video
+from app.reader.models import (
+    ChannelTag,
+    Playlist,
+    PlaylistItem,
+    SavedView,
+    Tag,
+    TakeoutChannelDismissal,
+    TakeoutItem,
+    TakeoutKind,
+    VideoState,
+    VideoUnmark,
+)
 from app.userscope import owned_by, owned_row
 
 # --- catalog, read along the edge ------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -230,6 +244,18 @@ def kept_by_a_reader(video_id: InstrumentedAttribute[str]) -> ColumnElement[bool
     )
 
 
+def in_a_watch_history(channel_id: InstrumentedAttribute[str]) -> ColumnElement[bool]:
+    """A channel someone's uploaded Takeout history shows watched. The "watched but not followed"
+    list names a channel from its catalog row, so the explore cleanup keeps the row of one (its
+    videos it may still reclaim: opening the list's videos brings them back). As a clause, so the
+    cleanup's DELETE stays one statement."""
+    return (
+        select(TakeoutItem.id)
+        .where(TakeoutItem.channel_id == channel_id, TakeoutItem.kind == TakeoutKind.WATCHED)
+        .exists()
+    )
+
+
 def playlisted_by(db: Session, video_ids: list[str]) -> list[tuple[int, str]]:
     """(user id, video id) for every user who has one of these videos in a playlist."""
     return list(
@@ -293,6 +319,36 @@ def held_by(db: Session, user: User, video_ids: list[str]) -> set[str]:
     )
 
 
+def seen_by(db: Session, user: User, video_ids: list[str]) -> set[str]:
+    """Which of these videos the user has already seen or set aside: watched or hidden here, or in
+    their uploaded Takeout history unless they took it back to "new" here since. The ids need not
+    be in the catalog — a Takeout row names a video the catalog may never have had — so a list
+    of what YouTube suggests can drop them before anything is ingested."""
+    if not video_ids:
+        return set()
+    marked = select(VideoState.video_id).where(
+        owned_by(VideoState.user_id, user),
+        VideoState.video_id.in_(video_ids),
+        VideoState.status.in_(("watched", "hidden")),
+    )
+    unmarked_since = (
+        select(VideoUnmark.id)
+        .where(
+            owned_by(VideoUnmark.user_id, user),
+            VideoUnmark.video_id == TakeoutItem.video_id,
+            VideoUnmark.at > TakeoutItem.at,
+        )
+        .exists()
+    )
+    in_history = select(TakeoutItem.video_id).where(
+        owned_by(TakeoutItem.user_id, user),
+        TakeoutItem.kind == TakeoutKind.WATCHED,
+        TakeoutItem.video_id.in_(video_ids),
+        ~unmarked_since,
+    )
+    return set(db.scalars(marked)) | set(db.scalars(in_history))
+
+
 def feed_rows_by_ids(db: Session, user: User, video_ids: list[str]) -> list[dict]:
     """These videos serialized with the feed's projection (their channel, this user's watch state,
     saved), in the order given."""
@@ -359,3 +415,355 @@ def user_tag_link(db: Session, user: User, channel_id: str, tag_id: int) -> Chan
             owned_by(ChannelTag.user_id, user),
         )
     ).scalar_one_or_none()
+
+
+# --- Google Takeout --------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+def _settled_here() -> ColumnElement[bool]:
+    """A video a waiting "watched" row may be marked on: one the catalog keeps of its own, not a
+    discovery video only a search or an explore brought in. A mark is a `VideoState`, which the
+    cleanup jobs read as a reader keeping it (`kept_by_a_reader`): on one of those it would keep the
+    video, and its explored channel, for good. Such a row waits until the video is the catalog's own
+    (its channel subscribed to) — or is gone."""
+    subscribed = select(Subscription.id).where(Subscription.channel_id == Video.channel_id).exists()
+    return and_(Video.via_explore.is_(False), or_(Video.via_search.is_(False), subscribed))
+
+
+def takeout_watched_ready(db: Session, user: User) -> list[tuple[int, str, datetime, bool]]:
+    """The user's waiting "watched" rows whose video the catalog knows and has probed for Shorts:
+    (row id, video id, Takeout time, is Short)."""
+    return list(
+        db.execute(
+            select(TakeoutItem.id, TakeoutItem.video_id, TakeoutItem.at, Video.is_short)
+            .join(Video, Video.id == TakeoutItem.video_id)
+            .where(
+                owned_by(TakeoutItem.user_id, user),
+                TakeoutItem.kind == TakeoutKind.WATCHED,
+                TakeoutItem.outcome.is_(None),
+                Video.shorts_probed,
+                _settled_here(),
+            )
+        ).tuples()
+    )
+
+
+def takeout_waiting(db: Session, user: User, kind: TakeoutKind) -> list[tuple[int, str]]:
+    """The user's rows of `kind` the import has not settled, oldest first: (row id, video id)."""
+    return list(
+        db.execute(
+            select(TakeoutItem.id, TakeoutItem.video_id)
+            .where(
+                owned_by(TakeoutItem.user_id, user),
+                TakeoutItem.kind == kind,
+                TakeoutItem.outcome.is_(None),
+            )
+            .order_by(TakeoutItem.at, TakeoutItem.id)
+        ).tuples()
+    )
+
+
+# Ids per IN list: a list is bound one parameter an id, and a statement takes at most 65,535.
+_IN_CHUNK = 5000
+
+
+def known_video_ids(db: Session, ids: list[str]) -> set[str]:
+    """Which of `ids` the catalog holds."""
+    known: set[str] = set()
+    for start in range(0, len(ids), _IN_CHUNK):
+        chunk = ids[start : start + _IN_CHUNK]
+        known.update(db.execute(select(Video.id).where(Video.id.in_(chunk))).scalars())
+    return known
+
+
+def unmarked_at(db: Session, user: User, ids: list[str]) -> dict[str, datetime]:
+    """When the user last took each of `ids` back to "new" here, for those they ever did."""
+    out: dict[str, datetime] = {}
+    for start in range(0, len(ids), _IN_CHUNK):
+        rows = db.execute(
+            select(VideoUnmark.video_id, VideoUnmark.at).where(
+                owned_by(VideoUnmark.user_id, user),
+                VideoUnmark.video_id.in_(ids[start : start + _IN_CHUNK]),
+            )
+        ).tuples()
+        out.update((vid, at) for vid, at in rows)
+    return out
+
+
+def in_playlist(db: Session, playlist_id: int, ids: list[str]) -> set[str]:
+    """Which of `ids` the playlist already holds."""
+    held: set[str] = set()
+    for start in range(0, len(ids), _IN_CHUNK):
+        chunk = ids[start : start + _IN_CHUNK]
+        held.update(
+            db.execute(
+                select(PlaylistItem.video_id).where(
+                    PlaylistItem.playlist_id == playlist_id, PlaylistItem.video_id.in_(chunk)
+                )
+            ).scalars()
+        )
+    return held
+
+
+def takeout_rows_besides(
+    db: Session, user: User, kind: TakeoutKind, video_ids: Iterable[str]
+) -> int:
+    """How many Takeout rows the user keeps other than `video_ids` of `kind`: what an upload of
+    those videos would be added to."""
+    total = (
+        db.scalar(select(func.count(TakeoutItem.id)).where(owned_by(TakeoutItem.user_id, user)))
+        or 0
+    )
+    ids = list(video_ids)
+    for start in range(0, len(ids), _IN_CHUNK):
+        total -= (
+            db.scalar(
+                select(func.count(TakeoutItem.id)).where(
+                    owned_by(TakeoutItem.user_id, user),
+                    TakeoutItem.kind == kind,
+                    TakeoutItem.video_id.in_(ids[start : start + _IN_CHUNK]),
+                )
+            )
+            or 0
+        )
+    return total
+
+
+def takeout_outcomes(db: Session, user: User) -> dict[tuple[str, str | None], int]:
+    """How many of the user's rows each kind and outcome holds (None = waiting)."""
+    rows = db.execute(
+        select(TakeoutItem.kind, TakeoutItem.outcome, func.count())
+        .where(owned_by(TakeoutItem.user_id, user))
+        .group_by(TakeoutItem.kind, TakeoutItem.outcome)
+    ).all()
+    return {(kind, outcome): n for kind, outcome, n in rows}
+
+
+def takeout_summary(db: Session, user: User) -> dict[str, dict[str, int]]:
+    """The user's kept Takeout videos by kind and outcome, for their settings page: `{"watched":
+    {"watched": n, "short": n, "waiting": n, …}, "watch_later": {…}}` — the import's outcome words,
+    "waiting" for a video not known yet."""
+    out: dict[str, dict[str, int]] = {kind.value: {} for kind in TakeoutKind}
+    for (kind, outcome), n in takeout_outcomes(db, user).items():
+        out[kind][outcome or "waiting"] = n
+    return out
+
+
+def takeout_users_ready(db: Session) -> list[int]:
+    """Every user with a waiting "watched" row whose video is now known and probed for Shorts: the
+    rows a later run of the Shorts probe made ready."""
+    return list(
+        db.execute(
+            select(TakeoutItem.user_id)
+            .join(Video, Video.id == TakeoutItem.video_id)
+            .where(
+                TakeoutItem.kind == TakeoutKind.WATCHED,
+                TakeoutItem.outcome.is_(None),
+                Video.shorts_probed,
+                _settled_here(),
+            )
+            .distinct()
+        ).scalars()
+    )
+
+
+def takeout_users_watch_later_waiting(db: Session) -> list[int]:
+    """Every user with a Watch later row a run could not put in yet."""
+    return list(
+        db.execute(
+            select(TakeoutItem.user_id)
+            .where(TakeoutItem.kind == TakeoutKind.WATCH_LATER, TakeoutItem.outcome.is_(None))
+            .distinct()
+        ).scalars()
+    )
+
+
+# --- channels watched but not followed ---------------------------------------------------------
+
+# A channel joins the list with this many watched videos of at least this length. A Short is three
+# minutes at most, so the length alone keeps them out, and a video under five minutes says too
+# little of what a channel is about to count towards it.
+WATCHED_CHANNEL_MIN_VIDEOS = 5
+WATCHED_CHANNEL_MIN_SECONDS = 300
+
+
+def _unfollowed(user: User) -> ColumnElement[bool]:
+    """A watched row whose channel the user neither follows, blocked, put out of the list, nor is."""
+    subscribed = select(Subscription.channel_id).where(owned_by(Subscription.user_id, user))
+    blocked = select(BlockedChannel.channel_id).where(owned_by(BlockedChannel.user_id, user))
+    dismissed = select(TakeoutChannelDismissal.channel_id).where(
+        owned_by(TakeoutChannelDismissal.user_id, user)
+    )
+    clauses = [
+        owned_by(TakeoutItem.user_id, user),
+        TakeoutItem.kind == TakeoutKind.WATCHED,
+        TakeoutItem.channel_id.is_not(None),
+        TakeoutItem.channel_id.not_in(subscribed),
+        TakeoutItem.channel_id.not_in(blocked),
+        TakeoutItem.channel_id.not_in(dismissed),
+    ]
+    if user.yt_channel_id:
+        clauses.append(TakeoutItem.channel_id != user.yt_channel_id)
+    return and_(*clauses)
+
+
+def _candidate_channels(user: User):
+    """The unfollowed channels with enough watched videos to make the list once their lengths are
+    known: (channel id, how many watched)."""
+    return (
+        select(TakeoutItem.channel_id, func.count().label("watched"))
+        .where(_unfollowed(user))
+        .group_by(TakeoutItem.channel_id)
+        .having(func.count() >= WATCHED_CHANNEL_MIN_VIDEOS)
+        .subquery()
+    )
+
+
+def takeout_lengths_to_ask(db: Session, user: User) -> list[str]:
+    """The watched videos whose length the list still needs: those of the candidate channels not
+    asked about yet, the most watched channels first, so a lookup cut short fills the top."""
+    cand = _candidate_channels(user)
+    return list(
+        db.execute(
+            select(TakeoutItem.video_id)
+            .join(cand, cand.c.channel_id == TakeoutItem.channel_id)
+            .where(_unfollowed(user), TakeoutItem.looked_up_at.is_(None))
+            .order_by(cand.c.watched.desc(), TakeoutItem.channel_id, TakeoutItem.at.desc())
+        ).scalars()
+    )
+
+
+def watched_channels_pending(db: Session, user: User) -> int:
+    """How many channels a later run may still add to the list: the candidates with a watched video
+    whose length is not known, and the ones that made it but have no catalog row to be listed from
+    yet. One the catalog holds without details is listed already (by the name it came in with), so
+    it is not one to come."""
+    cand = _candidate_channels(user)
+    unasked = db.execute(
+        select(TakeoutItem.channel_id)
+        .join(cand, cand.c.channel_id == TakeoutItem.channel_id)
+        .where(_unfollowed(user), TakeoutItem.looked_up_at.is_(None))
+        .distinct()
+    ).scalars()
+    counted = _counted_channels(user)
+    unlisted = db.execute(
+        select(counted.c.channel_id)
+        .outerjoin(Channel, Channel.id == counted.c.channel_id)
+        .where(Channel.id.is_(None))
+    ).scalars()
+    return len(set(unasked) | set(unlisted))
+
+
+def _counted_channels(user: User):
+    """The channels that make the list by their counted videos, whatever the catalog holds of them."""
+    return (
+        select(TakeoutItem.channel_id)
+        .where(_unfollowed(user), TakeoutItem.duration_seconds >= WATCHED_CHANNEL_MIN_SECONDS)
+        .group_by(TakeoutItem.channel_id)
+        .having(func.count() >= WATCHED_CHANNEL_MIN_VIDEOS)
+        .subquery()
+    )
+
+
+def watched_channels_to_describe(db: Session, user: User) -> list[str]:
+    """The channels on the list (by their counted videos) that the catalog lacks or has no details
+    of yet: what the list cannot name, or names with no more than a video brought."""
+    counted = _counted_channels(user)
+    return list(
+        db.execute(
+            select(counted.c.channel_id)
+            .outerjoin(Channel, Channel.id == counted.c.channel_id)
+            .where(Channel.details_synced_at.is_(None))
+        ).scalars()
+    )
+
+
+def watched_channels(db: Session, user: User) -> list[tuple[Channel, int, datetime]]:
+    """The channels the user watched often but does not follow: (channel, how many of its videos
+    over five minutes they watched, when last). Most watched first; on a tie the one watched more
+    lately, which is the likelier interest."""
+    n = func.count(TakeoutItem.id)
+    last = func.max(TakeoutItem.at)
+    return list(
+        db.execute(
+            select(Channel, n, last)
+            .join(Channel, Channel.id == TakeoutItem.channel_id)
+            .where(_unfollowed(user), TakeoutItem.duration_seconds >= WATCHED_CHANNEL_MIN_SECONDS)
+            .group_by(Channel.id)
+            .having(n >= WATCHED_CHANNEL_MIN_VIDEOS)
+            .order_by(n.desc(), last.desc(), Channel.id)
+        ).tuples()
+    )
+
+
+def has_watch_history(db: Session, user: User) -> bool:
+    """Whether the user has uploaded a Takeout watch history at all."""
+    return bool(
+        db.scalar(
+            select(
+                select(TakeoutItem.id)
+                .where(owned_by(TakeoutItem.user_id, user), TakeoutItem.kind == TakeoutKind.WATCHED)
+                .exists()
+            )
+        )
+    )
+
+
+def watched_in_history(db: Session, user: User, channel_id: str) -> bool:
+    """Whether the user's Takeout history shows them watching this channel at all."""
+    return bool(
+        db.scalar(
+            select(
+                select(TakeoutItem.id)
+                .where(
+                    owned_by(TakeoutItem.user_id, user),
+                    TakeoutItem.kind == TakeoutKind.WATCHED,
+                    TakeoutItem.channel_id == channel_id,
+                )
+                .exists()
+            )
+        )
+    )
+
+
+def watched_channel_videos(
+    db: Session, user: User, channel_id: str
+) -> tuple[list[tuple[str, datetime]], int]:
+    """The user's watched videos of one channel that the list counts, last watched first: (video
+    id, when). And how many YouTube no longer has."""
+    rows = db.execute(
+        select(TakeoutItem.video_id, TakeoutItem.at, TakeoutItem.duration_seconds)
+        .where(
+            owned_by(TakeoutItem.user_id, user),
+            TakeoutItem.kind == TakeoutKind.WATCHED,
+            TakeoutItem.channel_id == channel_id,
+            TakeoutItem.looked_up_at.is_not(None),
+        )
+        .order_by(TakeoutItem.at.desc(), TakeoutItem.video_id)
+    ).tuples()
+    counted: list[tuple[str, datetime]] = []
+    gone = 0
+    for vid, at, seconds in rows:
+        if seconds is None:
+            gone += 1
+        elif seconds >= WATCHED_CHANNEL_MIN_SECONDS:
+            counted.append((vid, at))
+    return counted, gone
+
+
+def takeout_users_with_list_work(db: Session) -> list[int]:
+    """Every user whose "watched but not followed" list a run can still add to: lengths to ask, or
+    channels to name. Asked of each user whose history holds a channel of enough watched videos,
+    since what is off a list (followed, blocked, put out, their own) is that user's own — a row of
+    one is never asked about, and would otherwise bring the user back on every run."""
+    per_channel = (
+        select(TakeoutItem.user_id)
+        .where(TakeoutItem.kind == TakeoutKind.WATCHED, TakeoutItem.channel_id.is_not(None))
+        .group_by(TakeoutItem.user_id, TakeoutItem.channel_id)
+        .having(func.count() >= WATCHED_CHANNEL_MIN_VIDEOS)
+        .subquery()
+    )
+    users = db.execute(
+        select(User).where(User.id.in_(select(per_channel.c.user_id))).order_by(User.id)
+    ).scalars()
+    return [user.id for user in users if watched_channels_pending(db, user)]

backend/app/reader/service.py

@@ -9,13 +9,27 @@ unique key, a row lock taken before a presence check. The comfort shelf's writes
 
 from datetime import datetime, timezone
 
-from sqlalchemy import exists, func, select, text, update
+from typing import cast
+
+from sqlalchemy import Table, bindparam, delete, exists, func, select, text, update
 from sqlalchemy.dialects.postgresql import insert as pg_insert
 from sqlalchemy.orm import Session
 
 from app.models import User
 from app.reader import queries
-from app.reader.models import ChannelTag, Playlist, PlaylistItem, SavedView, Tag, VideoState
+from app.reader.models import (
+    ChannelTag,
+    Playlist,
+    PlaylistItem,
+    SavedView,
+    Tag,
+    TakeoutChannelDismissal,
+    TakeoutItem,
+    TakeoutKind,
+    TakeoutOutcome,
+    VideoState,
+    VideoUnmark,
+)
 from app.sync.playlists import lock_playlists, recompute_dirty
 from app.userscope import owned_by
 
@@ -196,6 +210,7 @@ def unmark(db: Session, user: User, video_id: str) -> None:
     the in-progress state, not where the user left off); otherwise the row goes. The player fires
     this beside a checkpoint that may delete the same row: the caller's commit then raises
     `StaleDataError`, which is that lost race and nothing worse."""
+    lock_takeout(db, user)  # an import settling meanwhile reads the un-mark below, or comes first
     row = queries.video_state(db, user, video_id)
     if row is None:
         return
@@ -204,9 +219,21 @@ def unmark(db: Session, user: User, video_id: str) -> None:
         row.watched_at = None
     else:
         db.delete(row)
+    _remember_unmark(db, user, video_id)
     db.flush()
 
 
+def _remember_unmark(db: Session, user: User, video_id: str) -> None:
+    """Note that the user took the video back to "new" now: the state they set leaves no row, and
+    an import of their YouTube history must not mark it watched again (`apply_takeout_watched`)."""
+    now = datetime.now(timezone.utc)
+    db.execute(
+        pg_insert(VideoUnmark)
+        .values(user_id=user.id, video_id=video_id, at=now)
+        .on_conflict_do_update(constraint="uq_video_unmark", set_={"at": now})
+    )
+
+
 def mark(db: Session, user: User, video_id: str, status: str) -> None:
     """ "watched" or "hidden", as one atomic upsert on (user, video). The player marks "watched" at
     the end of playback at the instant a checkpoint may delete the in-progress row; a SELECT then
@@ -231,9 +258,11 @@ def mark(db: Session, user: User, video_id: str, status: str) -> None:
 def clear_state(db: Session, user: User, video_id: str) -> None:
     """The video back to pristine for this user: status, resume point and `watched_at` all go.
     Playlist membership lives elsewhere and stays."""
+    lock_takeout(db, user)  # as `unmark`
     row = queries.video_state(db, user, video_id)
     if row is not None:
         db.delete(row)
+        _remember_unmark(db, user, video_id)
         db.flush()
 
 
@@ -495,3 +524,192 @@ def detach_user_tag(db: Session, user: User, channel_id: str, tag_id: int) -> No
     if row is not None:
         db.delete(row)
         db.flush()
+
+
+# --- Google Takeout --------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+_TAKEOUT_BATCH = 1000
+# The advisory-lock namespace of one user's Takeout rows ("TO"), so a key cannot meet another lock's.
+_TAKEOUT_LOCK_NS = 0x544F
+
+
+def lock_takeout(db: Session, user: User) -> None:
+    """Hold the user's Takeout rows for the rest of the transaction. An upload's staging and an
+    import's settling each lock many of the same rows, one statement after another and in no common
+    order, so without one lock over both the two can deadlock. An un-mark takes it too: the import
+    reads the un-marks before it marks, and one landing between the two would be overwritten."""
+    db.execute(select(func.pg_advisory_xact_lock(_TAKEOUT_LOCK_NS, user.id)))
+
+
+def stage_takeout(
+    db: Session, user: User, kind: TakeoutKind, rows: dict[str, tuple[datetime, str | None]]
+) -> None:
+    """Keep the videos of one Takeout file, `{video id: (time, channel id)}`, for the import job.
+    A second upload of the same export, or a newer one, adds what is new: a video already kept keeps
+    the later time, and a row the import has settled keeps its outcome."""
+    lock_takeout(db, user)
+    values = [
+        {"user_id": user.id, "kind": kind, "video_id": vid, "at": at, "channel_id": channel}
+        for vid, (at, channel) in rows.items()
+    ]
+    for start in range(0, len(values), _TAKEOUT_BATCH):
+        stmt = pg_insert(TakeoutItem).values(values[start : start + _TAKEOUT_BATCH])
+        db.execute(
+            stmt.on_conflict_do_update(
+                constraint="uq_takeout_item",
+                set_={
+                    "at": func.greatest(TakeoutItem.at, stmt.excluded.at),
+                    "channel_id": func.coalesce(stmt.excluded.channel_id, TakeoutItem.channel_id),
+                },
+            )
+        )
+    db.flush()
+
+
+def _settle(db: Session, ids: list[int], outcome: TakeoutOutcome) -> None:
+    for start in range(0, len(ids), _TAKEOUT_BATCH):
+        db.execute(
+            update(TakeoutItem)
+            .where(TakeoutItem.id.in_(ids[start : start + _TAKEOUT_BATCH]))
+            .values(outcome=outcome)
+        )
+
+
+def apply_takeout_watched(db: Session, user: User) -> dict[str, int]:
+    """Mark watched what the user watched on YouTube, for the videos the catalog knows and has probed
+    for Shorts; the rest wait. `watched_at` is the Takeout time. A Short is not marked (swiping one
+    past is not watching it), and a state the user set here wins: watched or hidden, anything
+    changed after the Takeout time, or an un-mark since then (`VideoUnmark`). The upsert's own
+    condition is that rule, so a state set while the import runs wins too."""
+    lock_takeout(db, user)
+    short: list[int] = []
+    todo: dict[str, tuple[int, datetime]] = {}
+    ready = queries.takeout_watched_ready(db, user)
+    unmarked = queries.unmarked_at(db, user, [video_id for _, video_id, _, _ in ready])
+    kept: list[int] = []
+    for row_id, video_id, at, is_short in ready:
+        if is_short:
+            short.append(row_id)
+        elif video_id in unmarked and unmarked[video_id] >= at:
+            # Un-marked here since they watched it there: theirs, as a state they set is.
+            kept.append(row_id)
+        else:
+            todo[video_id] = (row_id, at)
+    marked: set[str] = set()
+    items = list(todo.items())
+    now = datetime.now(timezone.utc)
+    for start in range(0, len(items), _TAKEOUT_BATCH):
+        stmt = pg_insert(VideoState).values(
+            [
+                {"user_id": user.id, "video_id": vid, "status": "watched", "watched_at": at}
+                for vid, (_, at) in items[start : start + _TAKEOUT_BATCH]
+            ]
+        )
+        marked.update(
+            db.execute(
+                stmt.on_conflict_do_update(
+                    constraint="uq_user_video",
+                    set_={
+                        "status": "watched",
+                        "watched_at": stmt.excluded.watched_at,
+                        "updated_at": now,
+                    },
+                    where=(VideoState.status == "new")
+                    & (VideoState.updated_at < stmt.excluded.watched_at),
+                ).returning(VideoState.video_id)
+            ).scalars()
+        )
+    kept += [row_id for vid, (row_id, _) in items if vid not in marked]
+    _settle(db, [todo[vid][0] for vid in marked], TakeoutOutcome.WATCHED)
+    _settle(db, kept, TakeoutOutcome.KEPT)
+    _settle(db, short, TakeoutOutcome.SHORT)
+    db.flush()
+    return {"watched": len(marked), "kept": len(kept), "shorts": len(short)}
+
+
+def apply_takeout_watch_later(
+    db: Session, user: User, rows: list[tuple[int, str]], asked: set[str]
+) -> dict[str, int]:
+    """Put the videos of the user's waiting Watch later `rows`, (row id, video id) oldest first, into
+    their list here, after what it already holds. `asked` is the videos YouTube was just asked for: one
+    of those the catalog still lacks is gone from YouTube; any other unknown one keeps waiting."""
+    if not rows:
+        return {}
+    lock_takeout(db, user)
+    ids = [vid for _, vid in rows]
+    known = queries.known_video_ids(db, ids)
+    pl = watch_later(db, user)
+    # What add_item does a video at a time, for the whole list at once: one presence read and one
+    # insert, not four statements a video (a full list is thousands). Locked before the read, as there.
+    next_position = next_item_position(db, pl.id)
+    held = queries.in_playlist(db, pl.id, [vid for vid in ids if vid in known])
+    done: dict[TakeoutOutcome, list[int]] = {o: [] for o in TakeoutOutcome}
+    for row_id, vid in rows:
+        if vid not in known:
+            if vid in asked:
+                done[TakeoutOutcome.MISSING].append(row_id)
+        elif vid in held:
+            done[TakeoutOutcome.PRESENT].append(row_id)
+        else:
+            db.add(PlaylistItem(playlist_id=pl.id, video_id=vid, position=next_position))
+            next_position += 1
+            held.add(vid)
+            done[TakeoutOutcome.ADDED].append(row_id)
+    if done[TakeoutOutcome.ADDED]:
+        touch(pl)
+    for outcome, ids in done.items():
+        _settle(db, ids, outcome)
+    db.flush()
+    return {
+        "watch_later_added": len(done[TakeoutOutcome.ADDED]),
+        "watch_later_present": len(done[TakeoutOutcome.PRESENT]),
+        "watch_later_missing": len(done[TakeoutOutcome.MISSING]),
+    }
+
+
+# --- channels watched but not followed ---------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+def record_takeout_lengths(
+    db: Session, user: User, asked: list[str], lengths: dict[str, int | None]
+) -> None:
+    """Keep what YouTube said of the user's watched videos `asked` about: each one's length, or none
+    for a video it no longer has (`lengths` leaves it out). Every asked row is marked asked, so a
+    video YouTube lost is not asked about again."""
+    if not asked:
+        return
+    lock_takeout(db, user)  # these rows are an upload's to update too
+    now = datetime.now(timezone.utc)
+    table = cast(Table, TakeoutItem.__table__)
+    db.execute(
+        table.update()
+        .where(
+            owned_by(TakeoutItem.user_id, user),
+            table.c.kind == TakeoutKind.WATCHED,
+            table.c.video_id == bindparam("vid"),
+        )
+        .values(looked_up_at=now, duration_seconds=bindparam("seconds")),
+        [{"vid": vid, "seconds": lengths.get(vid)} for vid in asked],
+    )
+    db.flush()
+
+
+def dismiss_watched_channel(db: Session, user: User, channel_id: str) -> None:
+    """Put a channel out of the user's "watched but not followed" list (again is a no-op)."""
+    db.execute(
+        pg_insert(TakeoutChannelDismissal)
+        .values(user_id=user.id, channel_id=channel_id)
+        .on_conflict_do_nothing(constraint="uq_takeout_channel_dismissal")
+    )
+    db.flush()
+
+
+def restore_watched_channel(db: Session, user: User, channel_id: str) -> None:
+    """Let a channel the user put out of the list back on it."""
+    db.execute(
+        delete(TakeoutChannelDismissal).where(
+            owned_by(TakeoutChannelDismissal.user_id, user),
+            TakeoutChannelDismissal.channel_id == channel_id,
+        )
+    )
+    db.flush()

backend/app/reader/takeout.py

@@ -0,0 +1,497 @@
+"""A Google Takeout export, imported: what the user watched on YouTube becomes watched here, and their
+YouTube Watch later list joins theirs. The YouTube API reads neither of them, so the export is the
+only way in.
+
+Two files of the export are read, each uploaded on its own: `history/watch-history.json` and
+`playlists/Watch later-videos.csv`. Their videos are kept (`TakeoutItem`) and the import job applies
+what it can; a video the catalog does not know yet waits for it. The watched videos' channels also
+make the list of channels the user watches but does not follow (`queries.watched_channels`): the
+job asks YouTube how long those videos are, and what the channels are, for it.
+
+The format, measured on a real export (2026-10): the history is a JSON list, one entry per view,
+newest first. A view of a video has a `titleUrl` with `watch?v=<id>` (on www.youtube.com or
+music.youtube.com) and a `time`, with or without milliseconds. The channel is the first `subtitles`
+entry's url, absent for a video since removed. An ad is an entry whose `details` say "From Google
+Ads". The title is in the account's language, so nothing here reads it. A Short is a plain
+`watch?v=` view, told apart only once the catalog has probed the video. The Watch later csv is a
+header row (in the account's language) and `<id>,<ISO time added>` rows.
+"""
+
+import codecs
+import csv
+import io
+import json
+import re
+import threading
+from collections.abc import Iterator
+from contextlib import contextmanager
+from dataclasses import dataclass, field
+from datetime import datetime
+from itertools import chain
+
+from sqlalchemy.orm import Session
+
+from app import logs, quota
+from app.bodylimit import TAKEOUT_MAX_BYTES
+from app.db import SessionLocal
+from app.models import User
+from app.ratelimit import RateLimiter
+from app.reader import queries, service
+from app.reader.models import TakeoutKind
+from app.sync.runner import get_service_user
+from app.sync.subscriptions import describe_channels
+from app.sync.videos import ensure_videos, parse_iso8601_duration
+from app.youtube.client import YouTubeClient, YouTubeError
+
+log = logs.get_logger(__name__)
+
+# The largest file the upload takes (its edge cap and the route's own are one number).
+MAX_BYTES = TAKEOUT_MAX_BYTES
+# The most videos a Watch later file may hold: YouTube's own cap on one playlist. Each unknown one is
+# looked up on the shared API budget, so a longer list is not one YouTube made.
+WATCH_LATER_MAX = 5000
+# The most Takeout videos one user keeps: twenty times the real export measured here (~9,000 videos
+# across both files), so it only stops uploads of made-up ones piling up for good.
+ROWS_MAX = 200_000
+
+_VIDEO_ID = re.compile(r"^[A-Za-z0-9_-]{11}$")
+_WATCH_URL = re.compile(
+    r"^https?://(?:www\.|music\.|m\.)?youtube\.com/watch\?v=([A-Za-z0-9_-]{11})"
+)
+_CHANNEL_URL = re.compile(r"/channel/(UC[A-Za-z0-9_-]{22})")
+
+
+class TakeoutError(ValueError):
+    """The file is not one the import reads; `reason` is the client's word for why."""
+
+    def __init__(self, reason: str):
+        super().__init__(reason)
+        self.reason = reason
+
+
+@dataclass
+class Parsed:
+    """One file's videos, `{video id: (time, channel id)}`, and what it left out, counted."""
+
+    kind: TakeoutKind
+    videos: dict[str, tuple[datetime, str | None]] = field(default_factory=dict)
+    entries: int = 0
+    ads: int = 0
+    other: int = 0  # not a view of a video (a post, a story) or a video with no link left
+    malformed: int = 0
+
+
+def _time(raw: object) -> datetime | None:
+    if not isinstance(raw, str):
+        return None
+    try:
+        at = datetime.fromisoformat(raw.replace("Z", "+00:00"))
+    # silent-ok: the row is counted as malformed, and the count is in the upload's answer.
+    except ValueError:
+        return None
+    return at if at.tzinfo is not None else None
+
+
+def _keep(parsed: Parsed, vid: str, at: datetime, channel: str | None) -> None:
+    old = parsed.videos.get(vid)
+    if old is None or at > old[0]:
+        parsed.videos[vid] = (at, channel or (old[1] if old else None))
+
+
+def _history(data: Iterator[object]) -> Parsed:
+    parsed = Parsed(TakeoutKind.WATCHED)
+    for entry in data:
+        parsed.entries += 1
+        if not isinstance(entry, dict):
+            parsed.malformed += 1
+            continue
+        details = entry.get("details")
+        if isinstance(details, list) and any(
+            isinstance(d, dict) and d.get("name") == "From Google Ads" for d in details
+        ):
+            parsed.ads += 1
+            continue
+        url = entry.get("titleUrl")
+        match = _WATCH_URL.match(url) if isinstance(url, str) else None
+        if match is None:
+            parsed.other += 1
+            continue
+        at = _time(entry.get("time"))
+        if at is None:
+            parsed.malformed += 1
+            continue
+        channel = None
+        subtitles = entry.get("subtitles")
+        if isinstance(subtitles, list) and subtitles and isinstance(subtitles[0], dict):
+            found = _CHANNEL_URL.search(str(subtitles[0].get("url", "")))
+            channel = found.group(1) if found else None
+        _keep(parsed, match.group(1), at, channel)
+    return parsed
+
+
+def _watch_later(text: str) -> Parsed:
+    parsed = Parsed(TakeoutKind.WATCH_LATER)
+    rows = (row for row in csv.reader(io.StringIO(text)) if any(cell.strip() for cell in row))
+    first = next(rows, None)
+    if first is None or len(first) < 2:
+        raise TakeoutError("not_takeout")
+    # The first row is the header, in the account's language, unless it is already a video.
+    for row in chain([first], rows) if _VIDEO_ID.match(first[0].strip()) else rows:
+        parsed.entries += 1
+        vid = row[0].strip()
+        at = _time(row[1].strip()) if len(row) > 1 else None
+        if not _VIDEO_ID.match(vid) or at is None:
+            parsed.malformed += 1
+            continue
+        _keep(parsed, vid, at, None)
+        if len(parsed.videos) > WATCH_LATER_MAX:
+            raise TakeoutError("too_many")
+    return parsed
+
+
+def _skip(text: str, at: int) -> int:
+    """The first index at or after `at` that is not JSON whitespace."""
+    while at < len(text) and text[at] in " \t\n\r":
+        at += 1
+    return at
+
+
+# How much of the file is decoded at a time. Decoded whole, the text costs up to four bytes a
+# character (one emoji in a title is enough), several times the file on top of its bytes.
+_WINDOW = 1024 * 1024
+
+
+class _Window:
+    """The file's text, decoded a window at a time: `text` holds what is not read yet from `at` on.
+    The bytes are the caller's, so only the window is this reader's memory."""
+
+    def __init__(self, body: bytes, start: int):
+        self._body, self._next = body, start
+        self._decoder = codecs.getincrementaldecoder("utf-8")()  # strict: bad UTF-8 raises
+        self.text, self.at = "", 0
+
+    @property
+    def done(self) -> bool:
+        return self._next >= len(self._body)
+
+    def more(self, at_least: int = 0) -> None:
+        """Decode the next window (at least `at_least` bytes), dropping what is read already."""
+        self.text, self.at = self.text[self.at :], 0
+        size = max(_WINDOW, at_least)
+        chunk = self._body[self._next : self._next + size]
+        self._next += len(chunk)
+        self.text += self._decoder.decode(chunk, final=self.done)
+
+    def skip(self) -> None:
+        """Past the whitespace, reading on as far as it goes."""
+        while True:
+            self.at = _skip(self.text, self.at)
+            if self.at < len(self.text) or self.done:
+                return
+            self.more()
+
+    def startswith(self, char: str) -> bool:
+        self.skip()
+        return self.text.startswith(char, self.at)
+
+
+def _decode(decoder: json.JSONDecoder, text: str, at: int) -> tuple[object, int] | None:
+    """The JSON value at `at` and where it ends, or None where none reads (yet)."""
+    try:
+        return decoder.raw_decode(text, at)
+    # silent-ok: not a failure here — the caller reads on, or refuses the file once it has all.
+    except json.JSONDecodeError:
+        return None
+
+
+def _json_list(body: bytes, start: int) -> Iterator[object]:
+    """The entries of the JSON list at byte `start` (its "["), one at a time: the whole tree is never
+    built, nor the whole text, so a file of a million tiny entries costs a window and one entry, not
+    a million dicts at once."""
+    decoder = json.JSONDecoder()
+    window = _Window(body, start + 1)  # past the "[" the caller saw
+    if window.startswith("]"):
+        window.at += 1
+    else:
+        while True:
+            window.skip()
+            read = _decode(decoder, window.text, window.at)
+            # An entry cut by the window's edge fails, or (a number) reads short: read on and try
+            # again, with a window twice what is left, so one entry larger than any window is read
+            # in a few tries, not one a window.
+            if read is None or (read[1] == len(window.text) and not window.done):
+                if window.done:
+                    raise ValueError("not a JSON list")
+                window.more(2 * (len(window.text) - window.at))
+                continue
+            entry, window.at = read
+            yield entry
+            if window.startswith(","):
+                window.at += 1
+            elif window.startswith("]"):
+                window.at += 1
+                break
+            else:
+                raise ValueError("not a JSON list")
+    window.skip()
+    if window.at != len(window.text):
+        raise ValueError("text after the JSON list")
+
+
+# The largest Watch later file read: YouTube's longest list is some 200 KB of rows, so a file ten
+# times that is not one — and, unlike the history, it is decoded whole.
+CSV_MAX_BYTES = 2 * 1024 * 1024
+_BOM = codecs.BOM_UTF8
+
+
+def parse(body: bytes) -> Parsed:
+    """Read an uploaded Takeout file: the watch history (JSON) or the Watch later list (csv), told
+    apart by their content, not their name. Raises `TakeoutError` for anything else, and for a file
+    with nothing to import in it."""
+    start = len(_BOM) if body.startswith(_BOM) else 0
+    while start < len(body) and body[start] in b" \t\n\r\f\v":
+        start += 1
+    first = body[start : start + 1]
+    if first in (b"{", b"<"):
+        # Another JSON file of the export, or the history's HTML variant.
+        raise TakeoutError("not_takeout")
+    if first != b"[" and len(body) - start > CSV_MAX_BYTES:
+        raise TakeoutError("too_many")
+    try:
+        # A bad UTF-8 sequence is a ValueError too (UnicodeDecodeError), read below as not a file.
+        parsed = (
+            _history(_json_list(body, start))
+            if first == b"["
+            else _watch_later(body[start:].decode("utf-8"))
+        )
+    # A file the import cannot read, however it fails: bad JSON (a ValueError, as is a number too
+    # long to convert), nesting deeper than the decoder recurses, a csv field past csv's limit.
+    except (ValueError, RecursionError, csv.Error) as exc:
+        if isinstance(exc, TakeoutError):
+            raise
+        raise TakeoutError("not_takeout") from None
+    if not parsed.videos:
+        raise TakeoutError("no_videos")
+    return parsed
+
+
+# One import per user at a time: a second file uploaded while the first one's run is under way runs
+# after it (the scheduler's ad-hoc queue), but the Shorts job settles the same users' rows on a
+# thread of its own, and the two would settle the same rows. One API process runs the scheduler, so a
+# lock in this module holds it (as the channel backfill's does).
+_user_locks: dict[int, threading.Lock] = {}
+_user_locks_guard = threading.Lock()
+
+
+@contextmanager
+def _one_import(user_id: int) -> Iterator[None]:
+    with _user_locks_guard:
+        lock = _user_locks.setdefault(user_id, threading.Lock())
+    with lock:
+        yield
+
+
+def run_target(user_id: int) -> str:
+    """The import run's target, `job_runs.target`: one user's import."""
+    return f"user:{user_id}"
+
+
+def target_title(db: Session, target: str) -> str | None:
+    """Who an import run's target is, for the admin's run lists: the user's name, else their email."""
+    _, _, raw = target.partition("user:")
+    user = db.get(User, int(raw)) if raw.isdigit() else None
+    return (user.display_name or user.email) if user is not None else None
+
+
+class TooMany(Exception):
+    """The upload would take the user past `ROWS_MAX` kept videos."""
+
+
+def stage(db: Session, user: User, parsed: Parsed) -> None:
+    """Keep an uploaded file's videos for the import, unless that would take the user past
+    `ROWS_MAX` (`TooMany`). The caller commits."""
+    service.lock_takeout(db, user)  # the count and the insert are one user's, not two uploads' each
+    if (
+        queries.takeout_rows_besides(db, user, parsed.kind, parsed.videos) + len(parsed.videos)
+        > ROWS_MAX
+    ):
+        raise TooMany
+    service.stage_takeout(db, user, parsed.kind, parsed.videos)
+
+
+# How many unknown Watch later videos one user may have looked up on the shared API budget in a day:
+# two full Watch later lists (two units a hundred ids). The rest wait for the next day's runs. Both
+# shares pace the work, they do not bound its cost: they are held in memory, so a restart starts
+# them afresh, which only brings the rest forward — every video is asked about once (a looked-up
+# row is marked), and `quota.backfill_reserve_reached` still guards the shared budget.
+_lookups = RateLimiter(max_events=2 * WATCH_LATER_MAX, window_seconds=24 * 3600)
+# How many watched videos' lengths one user may ask about in a day for the "watched but not followed"
+# list (a unit a fifty). A share of its own: a large history asks for thousands, and on the Watch
+# later share it would leave the export's Watch later file waiting a day behind it.
+_lengths = RateLimiter(max_events=2 * WATCH_LATER_MAX, window_seconds=24 * 3600)
+
+
+def _put_in_watch_later(db: Session, user: User) -> dict:
+    """Put the user's waiting Watch later videos into theirs here: the ones the catalog knows at once,
+    the others once YouTube was asked for them — when a YouTube-connected account can ask, today's
+    budget is above the backfill reserve, and the user's own daily share of lookups allows it. A video
+    not asked about yet waits for a later run. The lookup commits what it fetched; the caller commits
+    the rest."""
+    waiting = queries.takeout_waiting(db, user, TakeoutKind.WATCH_LATER)
+    if not waiting:
+        return {}
+    ids = [vid for _, vid in waiting]
+    known = queries.known_video_ids(db, ids)
+    ask = [vid for vid in ids if vid not in known][:WATCH_LATER_MAX]
+    asked: set[str] = set()
+    fetcher = get_service_user(db) if ask else None
+    if (
+        fetcher is not None
+        and not quota.backfill_reserve_reached()
+        and _lookups.room(str(user.id)) >= len(ask)
+    ):
+        with quota.attribute(user.id, quota.QuotaAction.VIDEOS_LOOKUP):
+            with YouTubeClient(db, fetcher) as yt:
+                ensure_videos(db, yt, ask)
+        # Counted once done: a lookup that failed spent none of the share (one run per user at a
+        # time, so the room asked above is still there).
+        _lookups.allow(str(user.id), cost=len(ask))
+        asked = set(ask)
+    # Only the rows read above: one a second upload staged meanwhile was never asked about.
+    return service.apply_takeout_watch_later(db, user, waiting, asked)
+
+
+def _ask_lengths(db: Session, user: User) -> dict:
+    """Ask YouTube how long the user's watched videos are that the "watched but not followed" list
+    still needs, and keep the answer — on the same terms as the Watch later lookups, on a daily
+    share of its own. What is not asked yet (no YouTube-connected account, the reserve reached, the
+    share spent) waits for a later run, and the list says it is not complete. A YouTube failure is
+    logged and left for a later run too: it is no reason to fail the import it follows. The caller
+    commits."""
+    ask = queries.takeout_lengths_to_ask(db, user)
+    fetcher = get_service_user(db) if ask else None
+    if fetcher is None or quota.backfill_reserve_reached():
+        return {}
+    ask = ask[: int(_lengths.room(str(user.id)))]
+    if not ask:
+        return {}
+    try:
+        with quota.attribute(user.id, quota.QuotaAction.VIDEOS_LOOKUP):
+            with YouTubeClient(db, fetcher) as yt:
+                items = yt.get_videos(ask)
+    except YouTubeError as exc:
+        log.warning(
+            "Takeout: asking the watched videos' lengths failed: %s",
+            exc,
+            extra=logs.event("takeout.lengths.failed", user_id=user.id, reason=exc.reason),
+        )
+        return {}
+    _lengths.allow(str(user.id), cost=len(ask))
+    lengths = {
+        it["id"]: parse_iso8601_duration(it.get("contentDetails", {}).get("duration"))
+        for it in items
+        if it.get("id")
+    }
+    service.record_takeout_lengths(db, user, ask, lengths)
+    return {"lengths_asked": len(ask)}
+
+
+def _describe_channels(db: Session, user: User) -> dict:
+    """Bring the channels the user's list holds into the catalog with their details (name, picture,
+    description), the ones it lacks: without them the list cannot show a channel. A YouTube failure
+    is logged and left for a later run. The caller commits."""
+    need = queries.watched_channels_to_describe(db, user)
+    fetcher = get_service_user(db) if need else None
+    if fetcher is None or quota.backfill_reserve_reached():
+        return {}
+    try:
+        with quota.attribute(user.id, quota.QuotaAction.CHANNELS_DISCOVER):
+            with YouTubeClient(db, fetcher) as yt:
+                describe_channels(db, yt, need)
+    except YouTubeError as exc:
+        db.rollback()
+        log.warning(
+            "Takeout: describing the watched channels failed: %s",
+            exc,
+            extra=logs.event("takeout.channels.failed", user_id=user.id, reason=exc.reason),
+        )
+        return {}
+    return {"channels_described": len(need)}
+
+
+def _channel_list(db: Session, user: User) -> dict:
+    """The "watched but not followed" list's part of a run: the lengths, landed, then the channels.
+    Commits each."""
+    result = _ask_lengths(db, user)
+    db.commit()
+    result |= _describe_channels(db, user)
+    db.commit()
+    return result
+
+
+def run_import(user_id: int) -> dict:
+    """The import job: apply what the user's kept Takeout rows can say now, as one recorded run.
+    The watched part commits before the Watch later part asks YouTube for the videos the catalog
+    lacks, so a YouTube failure there loses nothing already marked; the "watched but not followed"
+    list's lookups come last. Returns the counts."""
+    with _one_import(user_id), SessionLocal() as db:
+        user = db.get(User, user_id)
+        if user is None:
+            return {"skipped": "no user"}
+        result = service.apply_takeout_watched(db, user)
+        db.commit()
+        result |= _put_in_watch_later(db, user)
+        db.commit()
+        result |= _channel_list(db, user)
+        outcomes = queries.takeout_outcomes(db, user)
+        result["waiting"] = outcomes.get((TakeoutKind.WATCHED, None), 0)
+        if outcomes.get((TakeoutKind.WATCH_LATER, None)):
+            result["watch_later_waiting"] = outcomes[(TakeoutKind.WATCH_LATER, None)]
+        return result
+
+
+def apply_waiting(db: Session) -> dict:
+    """Settle what every user's import left waiting and can be settled now, one commit each: a
+    watched video the catalog has come to know and the Shorts probe has cleared (by its job or a
+    search's), the Watch later videos a run could not put in yet, and what the "watched but not
+    followed" list still needs asked of YouTube. Run after each run of the
+    `shorts` job, which is what clears the most of them. Returns its counts, or an empty dict when
+    nothing was waiting that could move."""
+    marked = added = asked = failed = 0
+    ready = set(queries.takeout_users_ready(db))
+    later = set(queries.takeout_users_watch_later_waiting(db))
+    lengths = set(queries.takeout_users_with_list_work(db))
+    for user_id in sorted(ready | later | lengths):
+        user = db.get(User, user_id)
+        if user is None:
+            continue
+        # One user's failure (a lookup YouTube refused) is theirs: it neither fails the job that
+        # runs this nor keeps the users after them waiting. What it did not settle waits.
+        try:
+            with _one_import(user_id):
+                if user_id in ready:
+                    marked += service.apply_takeout_watched(db, user)["watched"]
+                    db.commit()
+                if user_id in later:
+                    added += _put_in_watch_later(db, user).get("watch_later_added", 0)
+                    db.commit()
+                if user_id in lengths:
+                    asked += _channel_list(db, user).get("lengths_asked", 0)
+        except Exception:
+            db.rollback()
+            failed += 1
+            log.exception(
+                "Takeout settling failed for user %s",
+                user_id,
+                extra=logs.event("takeout.settle.failed", user_id=user_id),
+            )
+    out = {}
+    if ready:
+        out["takeout_watched"] = marked
+    if added:
+        out["takeout_watch_later_added"] = added
+    if asked:
+        out["takeout_lengths_asked"] = asked
+    if failed:
+        out["takeout_failed"] = failed
+    return out

backend/app/refusal.py

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 """A request the app refuses, said in a way the UI can put in the reader's language.
 
 Every refusal the API answers carries a structured `detail` — `{code, reason, …params}` — and the client
-translates it (`lib/api/core.ts` `localizeDetail`). A bare English string reached the Hungarian UI
+translates it (`lib/api/refusalText.ts` `localizeDetail`). A bare English string reached the Hungarian UI
 verbatim: the blocking error dialog, and every inline surface that printed `HttpError.detail`, showed
 whatever sentence the route happened to hand-write. `refused` is the generic family
 (`errors.refused.<reason>`, the params interpolated into the sentence); the older specific codes

backend/app/routes/_common.py

@@ -124,6 +124,14 @@ async def capped_body(request: Request, limit: int) -> bytes:
     return bytes(body)
 
 
+async def drain_body(request: Request) -> None:
+    """Read the rest of the body to nowhere, before a refusal is raised: answered mid-upload, the
+    client reports a network failure, not the refusal (`capped_stream_to` says why). `bodylimit`
+    bounds how much there can be."""
+    async for _ in request.stream():
+        pass
+
+
 class ByteSink(Protocol):
     """Where `capped_stream_to` writes: a file, or anything that takes the bytes on their way to one."""
 

backend/app/routes/channels.py

@@ -307,9 +307,9 @@ def explore_channel(
     """Open an un-subscribed channel for browsing. Records the exploration (a per-user,
     grace-clocked row that gates this user's access to the channel's ephemeral videos and
     drives the later cleanup), flags the channel ephemeral unless someone organically follows
-    it, then ingests one page of its uploads (newest-first) marked via_explore + enriched.
-    Returns the next page token so the page can "load more". Guarded against the shared
-    backfill quota reserve."""
+    it, then ingests one page of its uploads (newest-first), enriched — marked via_explore while
+    nobody follows it. Returns the next page token so the page can "load more". Guarded against
+    the shared backfill quota reserve."""
     channel = _channel_or_404(db, channel_id)
     if queries.is_blocked(db, user, channel_id):
         raise refused(403, "channel_blocked")

backend/app/routes/feed.py

@@ -1,19 +1,31 @@
+import threading
+from collections.abc import AsyncIterator
 from datetime import date
+from functools import partial
 
-from fastapi import APIRouter, Depends, Query
+from fastapi import APIRouter, Depends, Path, Query, Request
 from pydantic import BaseModel
 from sqlalchemy.orm import Session
 from sqlalchemy.orm.exc import StaleDataError
 
-from app import quota
+from app import jobruns, quota, scheduler
+from app.catalog import queries as catalog_queries, service as catalog_service
 from app.auth import current_user
-from app.db import get_db
+from app.db import get_db, release_read_connection
 from app.mailtext import lang_for_user
+from app.ratelimit import RateLimiter
 from app.feedquery import BadCursor, facet_counts, feed_count, feed_page, feed_summary, feed_years
 from app.models import User
-from app.reader import queries, service
-from app.routes._common import ProgressIn, kept_position, not_found, youtube_refusal
-from app.sync.videos import parse_iso8601_duration
+from app.reader import queries, service, takeout
+from app.routes._common import (
+    ProgressIn,
+    capped_body,
+    drain_body,
+    kept_position,
+    not_found,
+    youtube_refusal,
+)
+from app.sync.videos import ensure_videos, parse_iso8601_duration
 from app.utils import iso
 from app.youtube.client import YouTubeClient, YouTubeError
 from app.refusal import refused
@@ -237,6 +249,21 @@ def set_video_progress(
     return {"ok": True, "video_id": video_id, "position_seconds": position}
 
 
+@router.get("/videos/{video_id}/row")
+def get_video_row(
+    video_id: str = Path(max_length=32),
+    user: User = Depends(current_user),
+    db: Session = Depends(get_db),
+) -> dict:
+    """One catalog video as the feed lists it (its channel, this user's watch state and resume point,
+    saved): what a player opened from an address starts from. The catalog only, so it costs nothing;
+    every video a player can open (a list's row, a related one) is in it."""
+    rows = queries.feed_rows_by_ids(db, user, [video_id])
+    if not rows:
+        raise not_found("video")
+    return rows[0]
+
+
 @router.get("/videos/{video_id}")
 def get_video_detail(
     video_id: str,
@@ -293,3 +320,214 @@ def get_video_detail(
             items[0].get("contentDetails", {}).get("duration")
         ),
     }
+
+
+# --- Google Takeout ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+# One upload at a time per user, ten an hour, and two at once across every user: a file's bytes are
+# held whole while it is read (its text a window at a time), so these bound what the accounts can
+# make the process hold. The section uploads its files one after another.
+_takeout_limiter = RateLimiter(max_events=10, window_seconds=3600)
+_takeout_uploading: set[int] = set()
+_takeout_uploading_guard = threading.Lock()
+_TAKEOUT_AT_ONCE = 2
+
+
+async def _takeout_body(
+    request: Request, user: User = Depends(current_user), db: Session = Depends(get_db)
+) -> AsyncIterator[bytes]:
+    # The sign-in check has run, and it was a SELECT: hand the connection back before a file of
+    # megabytes arrives, so a slow upload does not hold one `idle in transaction`. The user's id is
+    # taken first: the release expires the user, and reading it after would reload it, taking a
+    # connection straight back out.
+    uid = user.id
+    release_read_connection(db)
+    with _takeout_uploading_guard:
+        busy = uid in _takeout_uploading
+        full = not busy and len(_takeout_uploading) >= _TAKEOUT_AT_ONCE
+        taken = not busy and not full
+        if taken:
+            _takeout_uploading.add(uid)
+    if not taken or not _takeout_limiter.allow(str(uid)):
+        if taken:
+            with _takeout_uploading_guard:
+                _takeout_uploading.discard(uid)
+        # Read to the end before answering: refused mid-upload, the browser reports a network
+        # failure instead of the refusal (capped_stream_to says why).
+        await drain_body(request)
+        if busy:
+            raise refused(429, "takeout_busy")
+        if full:
+            raise refused(429, "takeout_server_busy")
+        raise refused(429, "takeout_cooldown")
+    try:
+        yield await capped_body(request, takeout.MAX_BYTES)
+    finally:
+        with _takeout_uploading_guard:
+            _takeout_uploading.discard(uid)
+
+
+@router.post("/takeout")
+def upload_takeout(
+    # The sign-in check FIRST: the body's own dependency needs the signed-in user, so a stranger's
+    # file is refused before a byte of it is read.
+    user: User = Depends(current_user),
+    body: bytes = Depends(_takeout_body),
+    db: Session = Depends(get_db),
+):
+    """One file of the user's Google Takeout export — the watch history or the Watch later list.
+    Its videos are kept and the import runs in the background; its outcome reaches the user's inbox."""
+    try:
+        parsed = takeout.parse(body)
+    except takeout.TakeoutError as exc:
+        if exc.reason == "no_videos":
+            raise refused(422, "takeout_no_videos") from None
+        if exc.reason == "too_many":
+            raise refused(422, "takeout_list_too_long", limit=takeout.WATCH_LATER_MAX) from None
+        raise refused(422, "takeout_unreadable") from None
+    try:
+        takeout.stage(db, user, parsed)
+    except takeout.TooMany:
+        db.rollback()
+        raise refused(422, "takeout_too_many", limit=takeout.ROWS_MAX) from None
+    db.commit()
+    scheduler.run_ad_hoc(
+        scheduler.TAKEOUT_IMPORT,
+        partial(takeout.run_import, user.id),
+        actor_id=user.id,
+        target=takeout.run_target(user.id),
+        notify=True,
+    )
+    return {
+        "ok": True,
+        "kind": parsed.kind,
+        "videos": len(parsed.videos),
+        "entries": parsed.entries,
+        "ads": parsed.ads,
+        "other": parsed.other,
+        "malformed": parsed.malformed,
+    }
+
+
+@router.get("/takeout")
+def takeout_status(user: User = Depends(current_user), db: Session = Depends(get_db)):
+    """What the user's Takeout import has done: its last run (none before the first upload), and
+    every video kept from the export, by kind and outcome — a video the catalog did not know yet
+    counts as "waiting" until it does, and is marked then."""
+    target = takeout.run_target(user.id)
+    run = jobruns.last_run(db, scheduler.TAKEOUT_IMPORT, target)
+    return {
+        # Queued and not started: its run row is not written yet, and the last run is still the
+        # previous one, so the page waits for it rather than taking that one for this upload's.
+        "queued": scheduler.ad_hoc_queued(scheduler.TAKEOUT_IMPORT, target),
+        "max_bytes": takeout.MAX_BYTES,
+        "run": None
+        if run is None
+        else {
+            "status": run.status,
+            "started_at": iso(run.started_at),
+            "finished_at": iso(run.finished_at),
+            "result": run.result,
+            "failure": run.failure,
+        },
+        **queries.takeout_summary(db, user),
+    }
+
+
+# --- channels watched but not followed -----------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+@router.get("/takeout/channels")
+def watched_channels(user: User = Depends(current_user), db: Session = Depends(get_db)) -> dict:
+    """The channels the user's Takeout history shows them watching often but not following: each
+    with how many of its videos over five minutes they watched, and when last. `pending` is how many
+    more channels may join once the import has asked YouTube for their videos' lengths or their
+    names, so a list still being made does not read as the whole of it; `imported` tells "no history
+    uploaded" from "nothing to suggest"."""
+    return {
+        "imported": queries.has_watch_history(db, user),
+        "pending": queries.watched_channels_pending(db, user),
+        "channels": [
+            {
+                "id": ch.id,
+                "title": ch.title,
+                "handle": ch.handle,
+                "thumbnail_url": ch.thumbnail_url,
+                "subscriber_count": ch.subscriber_count,
+                "video_count": ch.video_count,
+                "description": ch.description,
+                "watched": int(n),
+                "last_watched_at": iso(last),
+            }
+            for ch, n, last in queries.watched_channels(db, user)
+        ],
+    }
+
+
+@router.post("/takeout/channels/{channel_id}/videos")
+def watched_channel_videos(
+    channel_id: str, user: User = Depends(current_user), db: Session = Depends(get_db)
+) -> dict:
+    """The videos of a channel that the user's list counts, ready to play, last watched first. The
+    channel is explored for the user (as its page does), and the videos the catalog lacks come in as
+    the exploration's: the player needs them in the catalog, the shared Library does not get them,
+    and the cleanup reclaims them once nobody keeps them. Of a channel someone follows they come in
+    as the catalog's own, as its uploads do. `gone`: how many YouTube no longer has."""
+    channel = catalog_queries.channel(db, channel_id)
+    if channel is None:
+        raise not_found("channel")
+    if catalog_queries.is_blocked(db, user, channel_id):
+        raise refused(403, "channel_blocked")
+    counted, gone = queries.watched_channel_videos(db, user, channel_id)
+    ids = [vid for vid, _ in counted]
+    known = queries.known_video_ids(db, ids)
+    missing = [vid for vid in ids if vid not in known]
+    if missing and quota.backfill_reserve_reached():
+        raise refused(429, "quota_reserve")
+    catalog_service.explore(db, user, channel)
+    db.commit()
+    if missing:
+        try:
+            with (
+                quota.attribute(user.id, quota.QuotaAction.CHANNELS_EXPLORE),
+                YouTubeClient(db, user) as yt,
+            ):
+                ensure_videos(db, yt, missing, explore=channel.from_explore)
+        except YouTubeError as exc:
+            raise youtube_refusal(exc) from exc
+        catalog_service.settle_explored(db, channel)
+        db.commit()
+    items = queries.feed_rows_by_ids(db, user, ids)
+    watched_at = dict(counted)
+    for item in items:
+        item["takeout_watched_at"] = iso(watched_at[item["id"]])
+    # A video YouTube still had when its length was asked may have gone since.
+    return {"ok": True, "items": items, "gone": gone + len(ids) - len(items)}
+
+
+@router.put("/takeout/channels/{channel_id}/dismissal")
+def dismiss_watched_channel(
+    channel_id: str = Path(max_length=32),
+    user: User = Depends(current_user),
+    db: Session = Depends(get_db),
+) -> dict:
+    """Put a channel out of the user's list (it stays out until restored). Only one their own history
+    shows them watching: a made-up id would only pile up rows every list read then has to skip."""
+    if not queries.watched_in_history(db, user, channel_id):
+        raise not_found("channel")
+    service.dismiss_watched_channel(db, user, channel_id)
+    db.commit()
+    return {"ok": True, "channel_id": channel_id}
+
+
+@router.delete("/takeout/channels/{channel_id}/dismissal")
+def restore_watched_channel(
+    channel_id: str = Path(max_length=32),
+    user: User = Depends(current_user),
+    db: Session = Depends(get_db),
+) -> dict:
+    """Let a channel the user put out of the list back on it."""
+    service.restore_watched_channel(db, user, channel_id)
+    db.commit()
+    return {"ok": True, "channel_id": channel_id}

backend/app/routes/files.py

@@ -139,7 +139,7 @@ def own_job_for_update(db: Session, user: User, job_id: int) -> "DownloadJob":
 
 def quota_detail(e: quota.QuotaExceeded) -> dict:
     """Structured error the trilingual client localizes (reason key + numbers), instead of a
-    pre-baked English string with a dot-decimal GB value. See lib/api.ts localizeDetail()."""
+    pre-baked English string with a dot-decimal GB value. See lib/api/refusalText.ts localizeDetail()."""
     return {"code": "quota", "reason": e.reason, "limit": e.limit, "current": e.current}
 
 

backend/app/routes/me.py

@@ -79,6 +79,10 @@ def get_me(
         # Which live-search source runs, so the search button can say what a search costs: "scrape"
         # spends no API quota, "api" spends 100 units a page.
         "search_source": sysconfig.get_str(db, "search_source"),
+        # Whether live search and related videos are on: an admin turns either off with a daily
+        # limit of 0, and the UI then leaves out what would only be refused.
+        "search_enabled": sysconfig.get_int(db, "search_daily_limit_per_user") > 0,
+        "related_enabled": sysconfig.get_int(db, "related_daily_limit_per_user") > 0,
         "can_read": has_read_scope(user),
         "can_write": has_write_scope(user),
         "pending_invites": pending_invites,

backend/app/routes/plex/playback.py

@@ -234,6 +234,15 @@ def person_image(u: str, request: Request) -> Response:
     return imgcache.response(data, ct)
 
 
+def _supersede_resume_pushes(user_id: int, item_id: int, now: datetime) -> None:
+    """A watched mark supersedes every resume push still in flight for the item: stamping it as the
+    latest push makes `_resume_push_superseded` drop them. Popping the entry instead (to keep the map
+    small) removed the very guard, and an older resume push could then land at Plex AFTER the
+    scrobble and revive a resume point on a watched item. Eviction bounds the map."""
+    with _push_throttle_lock:
+        _last_push_at[(user_id, item_id)] = now
+
+
 def _push_resume_guarded(
     user_id: int,
     item_id: int,
@@ -329,12 +338,7 @@ def item_progress(
     near_end = duration > 0 and position > duration - _FINISH_MARGIN_S
     if near_end:
         flipped = service.mark_finished(db, user.id, it.id, now)
-        # The finish supersedes every resume push still in flight for this item: stamping it as the
-        # latest push makes `_resume_push_superseded` drop them. Popping the entry instead (to keep
-        # the map small) removed the very guard, and an older resume push could then land at Plex
-        # AFTER the scrobble and revive a resume point on a watched item. Eviction bounds the map.
-        with _push_throttle_lock:
-            _last_push_at[(user.id, it.id)] = now
+        _supersede_resume_pushes(user.id, it.id, now)
         db.commit()
         # Only the checkpoint that flipped the row scrobbles: a later checkpoint of the same finished
         # item — or a second one racing this one — would otherwise bump Plex's viewCount again.
@@ -352,7 +356,11 @@ def item_progress(
     push_now = _should_push_resume(user.id, it.id, now, final)
     # Marked dirty before the (background) push so the reconcile knows to re-push if it fails, and so
     # `push_state_to_plex` can settle synced_to_plex once Plex confirms.
-    service.checkpoint(db, user, it.id, st, position, now, dirty=push_now)
+    if not service.checkpoint(db, user, it.id, st, position, now, dirty=push_now):
+        # Marked watched a moment ago: this is the finishing player's late tick (see
+        # `service.checkpoint`), and the answer is the same one a near-end checkpoint gets.
+        db.commit()
+        return {"ok": True, "status": "watched", "position_seconds": 0}
     db.commit()
     if push_now:
         _push_watch(
@@ -408,6 +416,8 @@ def item_state(
             _push_watch(background, db, user.id, it.id, rating_key, "unwatched")
         return {"ok": True, "status": "new"}
     service.set_status(db, user, it.id, st, status)
+    if status == "watched":
+        _supersede_resume_pushes(user.id, it.id, datetime.now(timezone.utc))
     db.commit()
     if status == "watched" and prev_status != "watched":
         _push_watch(background, db, user.id, it.id, rating_key, "watched")
@@ -427,6 +437,10 @@ def _bulk_state(
     always reads the committed marks."""
     pushable = plex_watch.link_for_push(db, user_id) is not None
     to_push = service.bulk_state(db, user_id, eps, watched)
+    if watched:
+        now = datetime.now(timezone.utc)
+        for item_id, _rating_key, _action in to_push:
+            _supersede_resume_pushes(user_id, item_id, now)
     if pushable and to_push:
         # One coalesced background task for the whole batch (reuses a single session + Plex client),
         # not one task per episode — a 200-ep show mark is 1 task, not 200.
@@ -632,9 +646,10 @@ def stream_hls_file(
     try:
         content = path.read_bytes()
     except OSError:
-        # The session was torn down between the wait and the read — `_kill` rmtrees the whole
-        # directory, and nothing holds `_lock` across those two steps. It has to present as the same
-        # 404 a gone session does: the player's recovery is keyed on the STATUS (`code === 404`), so
+        # The session was torn down between the wait and the read — teardown moves the whole
+        # directory aside and deletes it, and nothing holds `_lock` across those two steps. It has
+        # to present as the same 404 a gone session does: the player's recovery is keyed on the
+        # STATUS (`code === 404`), so
         # a 500 here skipped the reclaim and ended playback with "couldn't play" instead of
         # restarting at the playhead. Ordinary trigger: `loadSession` awaits the new session — which
         # kills and rmtrees the old one — before destroying the old hls instance, so the outgoing

backend/app/routes/runs.py

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 Admin-only and read-only — rows leave the table through the retention job
 (`job_run_retention_days`). Filtered on the server and paged by `_keyset`, like the server log and
 the audit log beside it on the activity page. A row names what a reader needs without a second
-request: the channel a user's ad-hoc run worked on, and how many log lines the run left (only
+request: what a user's ad-hoc run worked on (the channel, the importing user), and how many log lines the run left (only
 WARNING and up are stored, so most runs have none — the count says so before the click).
 """
 
@@ -116,8 +116,12 @@ def list_runs(
         limit,
         lambda r: r.started_at,
     )
-    channels = {r.target for r in runs if r.job in scheduler.AD_HOC_JOBS and r.target}
+    channels = {r.target for r in runs if r.job == scheduler.CHANNEL_BACKFILL and r.target}
     titles = catalog_queries.channel_titles(db, channels)
+    for target in {r.target for r in runs if r.job == scheduler.TAKEOUT_IMPORT and r.target}:
+        title = scheduler.ad_hoc_target_title(db, scheduler.TAKEOUT_IMPORT, target)
+        if title is not None:
+            titles[target] = title
     lines: dict[int, int] = {}
     if runs:
         counted = db.execute(

backend/app/routes/saved_views.py

@@ -128,7 +128,8 @@ def update_view(
         db.commit()
     except IntegrityError:
         db.rollback()
-        raise refused(409, "view_name_taken", name=view.name) from None
+        # The name asked for: the rollback has put the view's old name back on `view`.
+        raise refused(409, "view_name_taken", name=name) from None
     return _serialize(view)
 
 

backend/app/routes/search.py

@@ -13,10 +13,18 @@ this search-discovered "noise" by default. Shorts and currently-live/upcoming vi
 ingested this way (Shorts are confirmed by the youtube.com/shorts probe; live/upcoming are
 dropped from the search response up front).
 
+A video's related videos (`/related/{video_id}`, the list YouTube shows beside it) come in the same
+way: read from the website (`related_scrape`), ingested as search finds are, under their own daily
+cap — with what this user has already seen left out.
+
 This is the HTTP side — the paging, the caps and the refusals; what a page of results leaves in the
 catalog is `catalog/search`."""
 
-from fastapi import APIRouter, Depends
+import threading
+from collections.abc import Callable
+from typing import Literal
+
+from fastapi import APIRouter, Depends, Path
 from pydantic import BaseModel
 from sqlalchemy.orm import Session
 
@@ -26,8 +34,10 @@ from app.catalog import queries
 from app.catalog import search as catalog_search
 from app.db import get_db
 from app.models import User
+from app.ratelimit import RateLimiter
 from app.reader import queries as reader_queries
-from app.youtube import search_scrape
+from app.youtube import related_scrape, search_scrape
+from app.youtube.innertube import ScrapeError
 from app.youtube.client import YouTubeClient, YouTubeError
 from app.refusal import refused
 from app.routes._common import youtube_refusal
@@ -37,6 +47,115 @@ router = APIRouter(prefix="/api/search", tags=["search"])
 
 # search.list costs this many quota units per page.
 SEARCH_COST = 100
+# The scrape source reads at most this many pages for one search.
+SEARCH_MAX_PAGES = 12
+
+# A related list is filled to this many unseen videos, reading at most this many pages (about 20
+# videos each, measured) — the ones the user has seen are left out, so a page alone can fall short.
+RELATED_TARGET = 20
+RELATED_MAX_PAGES = 4
+# The locale YouTube fills a related list in: on the video's topic, or with what trends in Hungary.
+RELATED_REGIONS = {"topical": ("en", "US"), "hu": ("hu", "HU")}
+
+# A request that fails outright gives its slot back, but its shape is the user's (a cursor is a
+# free string): one built to fail would read YouTube for nothing, without end. So only this many
+# refunds an hour per user and list; past them a failure keeps its slot, as a success does.
+REFUNDS_PER_HOUR = 5
+_refunds = RateLimiter(max_events=REFUNDS_PER_HOUR, window_seconds=3600)
+# The API source's budget check and the search.list call it pays for run one at a time: checked
+# apart, searches sent together at the last 100 units all passed, and all spent. One process
+# serves the API (a single uvicorn worker, as `ratelimit` says), so a process lock holds them all.
+# A search waits this long for it, then is refused as busy: each waiter holds a request worker, and
+# a slow YouTube (30 s a call at worst) would otherwise park them all behind one another.
+_api_search = threading.Lock()
+API_SEARCH_WAIT_SECONDS = 10.0
+
+
+def _gather(
+    db: Session,
+    yt: YouTubeClient,
+    user: User,
+    *,
+    cursor: str | None,
+    max_pages: int,
+    fetch: Callable[[str | None], dict],
+    candidates_of: Callable[[list[dict], list[str]], list[dict]],
+    enough: Callable[[list[str]], bool],
+    scrape_failed: Callable[[Exception], None],
+    ingest_failed: Callable[[int, int], None],
+) -> tuple[list[str], str | None]:
+    """Page through a YouTube list into the catalog: fetch a page, keep its `candidates_of`, ingest
+    them, and go on from its continuation until `enough` or `max_pages`. Returns the kept ids and
+    the cursor to read further from. A page that fails after earlier ones gathered something ends
+    the list with what it has; a first page that fails raises the 422 refusal.
+
+    422, not 502: this is a JSON endpoint, and the FE treats 502/503/504 as a gateway dropout
+    (auto-retry + "connection lost" banner — lib/api/core RETRIABLE_GATEWAY), which hides the real
+    message and repeats the work. A Data API failure is logged where it happened; the scraper's is
+    not, and its text does not ride the answer — so `scrape_failed` says it. An ingest (DB writes +
+    enrich) fails the same way, guarded for any exception so a write or shape failure is a 422 with
+    a message too, not a bare 500; `ingest_failed` logs it inside the `except`, with the trace."""
+    collected: list[str] = []
+    next_cursor = cursor
+    for _ in range(max_pages):
+        try:
+            page = fetch(next_cursor)
+        except (YouTubeError, ScrapeError) as exc:
+            if collected:
+                break  # keep what earlier pages already gathered
+            if isinstance(exc, ScrapeError):
+                scrape_failed(exc)
+            raise youtube_refusal(exc) from exc
+        candidates = candidates_of(page["items"], collected)
+        try:
+            collected.extend(catalog_search.ingest_candidates(db, yt, user, candidates))
+        except Exception as exc:  # any ingest failure, not just YouTubeError
+            db.rollback()
+            ingest_failed(len(candidates), len(collected))
+            if collected:
+                break
+            raise youtube_refusal(exc) from exc
+        next_cursor = page["next_page_token"]
+        if enough(collected) or not next_cursor:
+            break
+    return collected, next_cursor
+
+
+def _give_back(claimed: int, feature: str, user_id: int) -> None:
+    """Refund the slot of a request that failed outright, while this user has refunds left."""
+    if _refunds.allow(f"{feature}:{user_id}"):
+        quota.refund_action(claimed)
+        return
+    log.info(
+        "a failed request kept its slot: this hour's refunds are spent",
+        extra=logs.event(f"{feature}.refund_refused", per_hour=REFUNDS_PER_HOUR),
+    )
+
+
+def _budget_spent() -> None:
+    """Say that a live search was refused because the shared YouTube budget cannot pay for it."""
+    log.info(
+        "a live search was refused: the shared YouTube budget is spent",
+        extra=logs.event("search.refused", reason="shared_quota", cost=SEARCH_COST),
+    )
+
+
+def _busy() -> None:
+    """Say that a live search was refused because other API searches held the line too long."""
+    log.info(
+        "a live search was refused: other searches held the line",
+        extra=logs.event("search.refused", reason="busy", waited=API_SEARCH_WAIT_SECONDS),
+    )
+
+
+def _cap_spent(feature: str, limit: int) -> None:
+    """Say that a request was refused for the per-user daily cap. The 429 is in the request line
+    either way; which of the caps produced it is not, and they are answered by different things —
+    this one by tomorrow, the shared budget by the admin."""
+    log.info(
+        "a request was refused: the per-user daily cap is spent",
+        extra=logs.event(f"{feature}.refused", reason="daily_cap", limit=limit),
+    )
 
 
 @router.get("/youtube")
@@ -59,109 +178,122 @@ def search_youtube(
     # Source: "scrape" (InnerTube, no API quota) or "api" (search.list, 100 units/page).
     source = sysconfig.get_str(db, "search_source")
 
-    # Per-user daily cap applies to both sources (anti-abuse); with scrape it's the only guard
-    # since the search itself spends no quota.
+    # Every request takes a slot of the per-user daily cap, a cursor's too (anti-abuse); with
+    # scrape it's the only guard since the search itself spends no quota. A limit of 0 turns live
+    # search off on this instance — a refusal tomorrow will not change.
     daily_limit = sysconfig.get_int(db, "search_daily_limit_per_user")
-    used = quota.actions_today(db, user.id, quota.QuotaAction.VIDEOS_SEARCH)
-    if used >= daily_limit:
-        # The 429 is in the request line either way; which of the two caps produced it is not, and
-        # they are answered by different things — this one by tomorrow, the other by the admin.
-        log.info(
-            "a live search was refused: the per-user daily cap is spent",
-            extra=logs.event("search.refused", reason="daily_cap", limit=daily_limit),
-        )
-        raise refused(429, "search_daily_limit", limit=daily_limit)
-    # The 100-unit budget pre-check only applies to the API source.
+    if daily_limit <= 0:
+        raise refused(409, "search_disabled")
+    # The 100-unit budget pre-check only applies to the API source. It is asked again under the
+    # lock, right before the call (`fetch`); this one refuses before a slot is taken.
     if source == "api" and not quota.can_spend(db, SEARCH_COST):
-        log.info(
-            "a live search was refused: the shared YouTube budget is spent",
-            extra=logs.event("search.refused", reason="shared_quota", cost=SEARCH_COST),
-        )
+        _budget_spent()
         raise refused(429, "quota_spent")
+    # The check and the take are one step (`quota.claim_action`), whichever the source: checked
+    # first and logged after, requests sent together at the last free slot all passed — and with
+    # the API source each of them spent 100 units. A search that fails outright gives it back below.
+    claimed = quota.claim_action(user.id, quota.QuotaAction.VIDEOS_SEARCH, daily_limit)
+    if claimed is None:
+        _cap_spent("search", daily_limit)
+        raise refused(429, "search_daily_limit", limit=daily_limit)
 
     # Channels this user has blocked are dropped before ingestion — never shown, never stored.
     blocked = queries.blocked_ids(db, user)
 
-    collected: list[str] = []
-    next_cursor = cursor
-    MAX_PAGES = 12  # scrape safety bound
-    with YouTubeClient(db, user) as yt:
-        for _ in range(MAX_PAGES):
-            try:
-                if source == "api":
-                    with quota.attribute(user.id, quota.QuotaAction.VIDEOS_SEARCH):
-                        page = yt.search_videos(term, page_token=next_cursor)
-                else:
-                    page = search_scrape.search(term, continuation=next_cursor)
-            except (YouTubeError, search_scrape.ScrapeError) as exc:
-                if collected:
-                    break  # keep what we already gathered
-                # 422, not 502: this is a JSON endpoint, and the FE treats 502/503/504 as a gateway
-                # dropout (auto-retry + "connection lost" banner — lib/api/core RETRIABLE_GATEWAY),
-                # which hides the real message and burns a second quota-costed search. Upstream failure
-                # on a JSON endpoint = 422 + message; reserve 5xx for the raw byte-proxies. (B-core-1)
-                # A Data API failure is logged where it happened; the scraper's is not, and its text
-                # no longer rides the answer — so it is said here.
-                if isinstance(exc, search_scrape.ScrapeError):
-                    log.warning(
-                        "the YouTube search scrape failed",
-                        extra=logs.event("search.scrape_failed", error=str(exc)),
-                    )
-                raise youtube_refusal(exc) from exc
+    # Whether search.list was paid for: YouTube charges a call it refuses too, so once the client
+    # recorded its units — or the request went out and no answer came back — the search has spent
+    # the shared budget. One that never reached YouTube (no connection, no token) has not.
+    charged = False
 
-            # Drop currently-live/upcoming, channel-less, and blocked-channel results.
-            candidates = [
-                it
-                for it in page["items"]
-                if it["live_broadcast"] == "none"
-                and it["channel_id"]
-                and it["channel_id"] not in blocked
-            ]
-            # Ingest (DB writes + enrich) runs outside the page-fetch try above; guard it too so a
-            # write/shape failure degrades to a 422 with a message on this JSON endpoint instead of a
-            # bare 500 hidden behind the FE's generic "search failed" (same rationale as B-core-1).
-            try:
-                collected.extend(catalog_search.ingest_candidates(db, yt, user, candidates))
-            except Exception as exc:  # any ingest failure, not just YouTubeError
-                db.rollback()
-                # The term is NOT in this line. A search string is exactly what the privacy
-                # policy keeps out of the log unless the user turned Teljes/TRACE on for
-                # themselves, and `redact_text` does not cover it — it scrubs addresses and
-                # credential params, not what someone typed into the search box. What the
-                # ERROR line carries instead is the shape of the failure, which is what tells
-                # an ingest bug from an upstream one; the term follows at TRACE, and only
-                # under this user's own consent — not whenever the process runs at TRACE.
-                log.exception(
-                    "live search ingest failed",
-                    extra=logs.event(
-                        "search.live.ingest_failed",
-                        source=source,
-                        candidates=len(candidates),
-                        collected=len(collected),
-                    ),
-                )
-                if logs.consented_trace():
-                    log.log(
-                        logs.TRACE,
-                        "the term the ingest failed on",
-                        # log-pii-ok: only under this user's own Teljes consent
-                        extra=logs.event("search.live.term", term=term),
-                    )
-                if collected:
-                    break  # keep what earlier pages already gathered
-                raise youtube_refusal(exc) from exc
-            next_cursor = page["next_page_token"]
-            # The API source pages cost 100 units each — never auto-page; one page per request.
-            if source == "api" or len(collected) >= limit or not next_cursor:
-                break
+    def fetch(token: str | None) -> dict:
+        if source != "api":
+            return search_scrape.search(term, continuation=token)
+        if not _api_search.acquire(timeout=API_SEARCH_WAIT_SECONDS):
+            _busy()
+            raise refused(429, "search_busy")
+        try:
+            return paid_search(token)
+        finally:
+            _api_search.release()
 
-    # Count this as ONE per-user search against the daily cap. The scrape source spends no
-    # quota, so it never logs an event on its own; the API source already logged exactly one
-    # (via record_usage — it never auto-pages). Logging once here, after a search that produced
-    # at least one page (a total failure raises 502 above and never reaches this), keeps the cap
-    # counting user searches instead of internal continuation pages.
-    if source != "api":
-        quota.log_action(user.id, quota.QuotaAction.VIDEOS_SEARCH)
+    def paid_search(token: str | None) -> dict:
+        nonlocal charged
+        with quota.attribute(user.id, quota.QuotaAction.VIDEOS_SEARCH):
+            if not quota.can_spend(db, SEARCH_COST):
+                _budget_spent()
+                raise refused(429, "quota_spent")
+            spent = yt.spent
+            try:
+                page = yt.search_videos(term, page_token=token)
+            except YouTubeError as exc:
+                charged = yt.spent > spent or exc.sent
+                raise
+            charged = True
+            return page
+
+    def candidates_of(items: list[dict], _collected: list[str]) -> list[dict]:
+        # Drop currently-live/upcoming, channel-less, and blocked-channel results.
+        return [
+            it
+            for it in items
+            if it["live_broadcast"] == "none"
+            and it["channel_id"]
+            and it["channel_id"] not in blocked
+        ]
+
+    def scrape_failed(exc: Exception) -> None:
+        log.warning(
+            "the YouTube search scrape failed",
+            extra=logs.event("search.scrape_failed", error=str(exc)),
+        )
+
+    def ingest_failed(candidates: int, collected: int) -> None:
+        # The term is NOT in this line. A search string is exactly what the privacy policy keeps
+        # out of the log unless the user turned Teljes/TRACE on for themselves, and `redact_text`
+        # does not cover it — it scrubs addresses and credential params, not what someone typed
+        # into the search box. What the ERROR line carries instead is the shape of the failure,
+        # which is what tells an ingest bug from an upstream one; the term follows at TRACE, and
+        # only under this user's own consent — not whenever the process runs at TRACE.
+        log.exception(
+            "live search ingest failed",
+            extra=logs.event(
+                "search.live.ingest_failed",
+                source=source,
+                candidates=candidates,
+                collected=collected,
+            ),
+        )
+        if logs.consented_trace():
+            log.log(
+                logs.TRACE,
+                "the term the ingest failed on",
+                # log-pii-ok: only under this user's own Teljes consent
+                extra=logs.event("search.live.term", term=term),
+            )
+
+    try:
+        with YouTubeClient(db, user) as yt:
+            collected, next_cursor = _gather(
+                db,
+                yt,
+                user,
+                cursor=cursor,
+                # The API source pages cost 100 units each — never auto-page; one page per request.
+                max_pages=1 if source == "api" else SEARCH_MAX_PAGES,
+                fetch=fetch,
+                candidates_of=candidates_of,
+                enough=lambda got: len(got) >= limit,
+                scrape_failed=scrape_failed,
+                ingest_failed=ingest_failed,
+            )
+    except Exception:
+        # A search that showed the user nothing does not count against them, unless search.list
+        # was already paid for: then the slot is what stops a failing search (a bogus cursor gets
+        # a 400 every time) from spending the shared budget without end. A busy refusal paid
+        # nothing and gives it back.
+        if not charged:
+            _give_back(claimed, "search", user.id)
+        raise
 
     ordered = collected[:limit]
 
@@ -201,3 +333,78 @@ def clear_search(
     removed = catalog_search.clear(db, user, ids)
     db.commit()
     return {"ok": True, "removed": removed}
+
+
+@router.get("/related/{video_id}")
+def related_videos(
+    video_id: str = Path(max_length=16),
+    cursor: str | None = None,
+    region: Literal["topical", "hu"] = "topical",
+    user: User = Depends(current_user),
+    db: Session = Depends(get_db),
+) -> dict:
+    """The videos YouTube shows beside this one, materialised into the catalog like search results,
+    without the ones this user has watched or hidden here or in their Takeout history, and without
+    blocked channels. Pages on (`cursor`) until `RELATED_TARGET` are gathered; `next_cursor` reads
+    further. `region` picks the locale YouTube fills the list in (`RELATED_REGIONS`)."""
+    # Every request takes a slot, a cursor's too: each one scrapes pages and enriches what they
+    # hold, and a cursor is a free string — counting only first pages let a replayed cursor read
+    # without end. The check and the take are one step (`quota.claim_action`); a request that fails
+    # outright gives its slot back, a few an hour (`_give_back`). A limit of 0 turns related videos
+    # off on this instance.
+    daily_limit = sysconfig.get_int(db, "related_daily_limit_per_user")
+    if daily_limit <= 0:
+        raise refused(409, "related_disabled")
+    claimed = quota.claim_action(user.id, quota.QuotaAction.VIDEOS_RELATED, daily_limit)
+    if claimed is None:
+        _cap_spent("related", daily_limit)
+        raise refused(429, "related_daily_limit", limit=daily_limit)
+
+    hl, gl = RELATED_REGIONS[region]
+    blocked = queries.blocked_ids(db, user)
+
+    def candidates_of(items: list[dict], collected: list[str]) -> list[dict]:
+        ids = [it["id"] for it in items]
+        drop = reader_queries.seen_by(db, user, ids) | set(collected) | {video_id}
+        return [it for it in items if it["id"] not in drop and it["channel_id"] not in blocked]
+
+    def scrape_failed(exc: Exception) -> None:
+        log.warning(
+            "the related-videos scrape failed",
+            extra=logs.event("related.scrape_failed", error=str(exc)),
+        )
+
+    def ingest_failed(candidates: int, collected: int) -> None:
+        log.exception(
+            "a related list's ingest failed",
+            extra=logs.event("related.ingest_failed", candidates=candidates, collected=collected),
+        )
+
+    try:
+        with YouTubeClient(db, user) as yt:
+            collected, next_cursor = _gather(
+                db,
+                yt,
+                user,
+                cursor=cursor,
+                max_pages=RELATED_MAX_PAGES,
+                fetch=lambda token: related_scrape.related(
+                    video_id, continuation=token, hl=hl, gl=gl
+                ),
+                candidates_of=candidates_of,
+                enough=lambda got: len(got) >= RELATED_TARGET,
+                scrape_failed=scrape_failed,
+                ingest_failed=ingest_failed,
+            )
+    except Exception:
+        _give_back(claimed, "related", user.id)
+        raise
+
+    rows = reader_queries.feed_rows_by_ids(db, user, collected)
+    # A related list mixes channels the user follows with ones they never met: each row says which.
+    followed = queries.followed_among(db, user, {r["channel_id"] for r in rows})
+    return {
+        "items": [{**r, "followed": r["channel_id"] in followed} for r in rows],
+        "next_cursor": next_cursor,
+        "has_more": bool(next_cursor),
+    }

backend/app/routes/tags.py

@@ -107,7 +107,8 @@ def update_tag(
         db.commit()
     except IntegrityError:
         db.rollback()
-        raise refused(409, "tag_name_taken", name=tag.name) from None
+        # The name asked for: the rollback has put the tag's old name back on `tag`.
+        raise refused(409, "tag_name_taken", name=name) from None
     return {
         "ok": True,
         "id": tag.id,

backend/app/scheduler.py

@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ from app.plex.tmdb import run_people_enrich
 from app.plex.watch_sync import run_plex_watch_reconcile, run_plex_watch_sync
 from app.notifications import create_notification
 from app.runstatus import RunStatus, RunTrigger
+from app.reader import takeout
 from app.state import is_sync_paused
 from app.sync.autotag import run_autotag_all
 from app.sync.explore import purge_ephemeral
@@ -118,8 +119,9 @@ def _notify_done(
     summary: str | None,
     result: dict | None = None,
 ) -> None:
-    """Post a completion notice to the triggering admin's inbox (manual runs only). Best
-    effort — a notification failure must never mask the job's own outcome."""
+    """Post a completion notice to the inbox of who started the run: an admin's manual run, or a
+    user's ad-hoc run that asks for one. Best effort — a notification failure must never mask the
+    job's own outcome."""
     try:
         create_notification(
             db,
@@ -272,7 +274,6 @@ def scheduler_snapshot(db) -> dict:
     open_runs = _open_run_ids()
     recent = jobruns.recent_runs(db, [*JOB_INTERVALS, *AD_HOC_JOBS], RECENT_RUNS)
     open_runs |= _open_run_ids()
-    going_id = max((r for r, j in open_runs.items() if j == CHANNEL_BACKFILL), default=None)
     jobs = []
     for job_id, default_interval in JOB_INTERVALS.items():
         a = acts.get(job_id, {})
@@ -288,30 +289,11 @@ def scheduler_snapshot(db) -> dict:
         )
     # Work a user starts on one target: no interval, no "run now" (it needs its target), but its
     # runs are shown beside the jobs' — it spends the same quota. Its one in-memory guard is the
-    # target's own (sync/runner), so "running" is the runs this process has open: two channels can
-    # backfill at once, so a run still going counts even when a newer one already ended. That run then
-    # leads the row, so its channel, its "no outcome yet" and its dot are one run's, never the
-    # newer run's outcome under the older one's channel.
-    backfills = recent.get(CHANNEL_BACKFILL, [])
-    going = db.get(JobRun, going_id) if going_id is not None else None
-    if going is not None and going.status != RunStatus.RUNNING:
-        going = None  # its outcome is written; only the bookkeeping has not caught up
-    if going is not None:
-        backfills = [going, *(r for r in backfills if r.id != going.id)][:RECENT_RUNS]
-    shown = backfills[0] if backfills else None
-    ad_hoc = [
-        {
-            "id": CHANNEL_BACKFILL,
-            "running": going is not None,
-            "target": shown.target if shown else None,
-            "target_title": (
-                catalog_queries.channel_title(db, shown.target)
-                if shown is not None and shown.target
-                else None
-            ),
-            **_last_runs(backfills, open_runs),
-        }
-    ]
+    # target's own (sync/runner, the import's per-user lock), so "running" is the runs this process
+    # has open: two targets can run at once, so a run still going counts even when a newer one already
+    # ended. That run then leads the row, so its target, its "no outcome yet" and its dot are one
+    # run's, never the newer run's outcome under the older one's target.
+    ad_hoc = [_ad_hoc_row(db, job, recent.get(job, []), open_runs) for job in AD_HOC_JOBS]
     return {
         "running_here": running_here,
         "enabled": settings.scheduler_enabled,
@@ -333,6 +315,27 @@ def _seen(run, open_runs: dict[int, str]) -> RunStatus:
     return RunStatus(run.status)
 
 
+def _ad_hoc_row(db, job: str, runs: list[JobRun], open_runs: dict[int, str]) -> dict:
+    going_id = max((r for r, j in open_runs.items() if j == job), default=None)
+    going = db.get(JobRun, going_id) if going_id is not None else None
+    if going is not None and going.status != RunStatus.RUNNING:
+        going = None  # its outcome is written; only the bookkeeping has not caught up
+    if going is not None:
+        runs = [going, *(r for r in runs if r.id != going.id)][:RECENT_RUNS]
+    shown = runs[0] if runs else None
+    return {
+        "id": job,
+        "running": going is not None,
+        "target": shown.target if shown else None,
+        "target_title": (
+            ad_hoc_target_title(db, job, shown.target)
+            if shown is not None and shown.target
+            else None
+        ),
+        **_last_runs(runs, open_runs),
+    }
+
+
 def _last_runs(runs: list, open_runs: dict[int, str]) -> dict:
     """A row's run fields from its newest runs (newest first): how the last one went, and the few
     before it for the history dots."""
@@ -402,7 +405,12 @@ def _autotag_job() -> None:
 
 
 def _shorts_job() -> None:
-    _job("shorts", run_shorts)
+    def work(db):
+        # A video waiting in someone's Takeout import becomes markable the moment the probe has
+        # said it is not a Short, so the import's waiting rows are settled right after it.
+        return run_shorts(db) | takeout.apply_waiting(db)
+
+    _job("shorts", work)
 
 
 def _subscriptions_job() -> None:
@@ -608,48 +616,140 @@ def trigger_all(actor_id: int | None = None) -> list[str]:
 # one channel. It runs on the same scheduler as a recorded run (trigger `ad_hoc`), so what it did and
 # spent is in `job_runs` like any job's, not a background task only the log ever heard of.
 CHANNEL_BACKFILL = "channel_backfill"
+# A user's Google Takeout import (`reader.takeout`): its target is the user.
+TAKEOUT_IMPORT = "takeout_import"
 # Every ad-hoc job id: the page names each one (a frontend contract test reads this tuple).
-AD_HOC_JOBS = (CHANNEL_BACKFILL,)
+AD_HOC_JOBS = (CHANNEL_BACKFILL, TAKEOUT_IMPORT)
+# What each one's target is called on the admin's pages: a channel's title, an importing user's name.
+_TARGET_TITLES: dict[str, Callable[..., str | None]] = {
+    CHANNEL_BACKFILL: catalog_queries.channel_title,
+    TAKEOUT_IMPORT: takeout.target_title,
+}
 
 
-def run_ad_hoc(job: str, fn: Callable[[], dict], *, actor_id: int, target: str) -> None:
+def ad_hoc_target_title(db, job: str, target: str) -> str | None:
+    """The name of an ad-hoc run's target (None for a job with none, or a target since gone)."""
+    title = _TARGET_TITLES.get(job)
+    return title(db, target) if title is not None else None
+
+
+# The ad-hoc runs added and not yet recorded, `job@target`: between the two the target's newest
+# run row is still the previous run's, so a page watching it asks `ad_hoc_queued` too.
+_queued: set[str] = set()
+_queued_guard = threading.Lock()
+# What the scheduler is told to run is only the key: the request itself waits here, the newest one
+# per key, until a fire of that key takes it. A request made while its key's run is under way is so
+# kept for the run after it, which that run asks for as it ends (`_running`): the scheduler would
+# drop a second fire of an id whose run has not returned (one instance per job id).
+_pending: dict[str, tuple[Callable[[], dict], int, bool]] = {}
+_running: set[str] = set()
+# Two at once, for the moment between a run letting go of its key and its thread returning: a fire
+# then is what takes the next request, and is not dropped.
+_AD_HOC_INSTANCES = 2
+
+
+def ad_hoc_queued(job: str, target: str) -> bool:
+    """Whether a run of `job` on `target` is queued and its run row not written yet."""
+    with _queued_guard:
+        return f"{job}@{target}" in _queued
+
+
+def run_ad_hoc(
+    job: str, fn: Callable[[], dict], *, actor_id: int, target: str, notify: bool = False
+) -> None:
     """Run `fn` now as `actor_id`'s run of `job` on `target`, a one-shot job on the scheduler. Its
     own exclusion (if any) lives in `fn`, which says so in its result; one id per job and target, so
-    a second request before the first has even started is that same run."""
+    a second request before the first has even started is that same run, and one made while it runs
+    is the run after it. `notify` posts its outcome to the user's inbox, for work whose page does not
+    watch it run."""
     if job not in AD_HOC_JOBS:
         raise KeyError(job)  # an unnamed job would show on the page as its bare id
-    sched = _scheduler
-    if sched is None:
+    if _scheduler is None:
         # Only between shutdown and exit: start_scheduler runs at every API startup.
         raise RuntimeError("the scheduler is not running")
+    key = f"{job}@{target}"
+    with _queued_guard:
+        _pending[key] = (fn, actor_id, notify)
+        _queued.add(key)
+        running = key in _running
+    if running:
+        log.info("ad-hoc %s for %s runs again once the run under way ends", job, target)
+        return
+    _fire(job, target)
+
+
+def _fire(job: str, target: str) -> None:
+    """Add the one-shot that takes `job@target`'s pending request. Raises (the request dropped) only
+    when the scheduler cannot take it."""
+    key = f"{job}@{target}"
+    sched = _scheduler
     try:
+        if sched is None:
+            raise RuntimeError("the scheduler is not running")
         sched.add_job(
-            _ad_hoc,
+            _ad_hoc_fired,
             "date",
-            args=(job, fn, actor_id, target),
-            id=f"{job}@{target}",
+            args=(job, target),
+            id=key,
             misfire_grace_time=None,
+            max_instances=_AD_HOC_INSTANCES,
         )
-    # silent-ok: not a failure — the run for this target is already queued, and it does this work.
+    # silent-ok: not a failure — a fire of this key is already queued, and it takes this request.
     except ConflictingIdError:
         log.info("ad-hoc %s for %s already queued", job, target)
+    except Exception:
+        with _queued_guard:
+            _pending.pop(key, None)
+            _queued.discard(key)
+        raise
 
 
-def _ad_hoc(job: str, fn: Callable[[], dict], actor_id: int, target: str) -> None:
+def _ad_hoc_fired(job: str, target: str) -> None:
+    key = f"{job}@{target}"
+    with _queued_guard:
+        request = _pending.pop(key, None)
+        if request is None:
+            return  # an earlier fire took it
+        _running.add(key)
+    fn, actor_id, notify = request
+    try:
+        _ad_hoc(job, fn, actor_id, target, notify)
+    finally:
+        with _queued_guard:
+            _running.discard(key)
+            again = key in _pending
+        if again:
+            try:
+                _fire(job, target)
+            except Exception:
+                # The request made meanwhile is lost with the scheduler: shut down, nothing runs.
+                log.exception("ad-hoc %s for %s not run again", job, target)
+
+
+def _ad_hoc(
+    job: str, fn: Callable[[], dict], actor_id: int, target: str, notify: bool = False
+) -> None:
+    key = f"{job}@{target}"
     try:
         run_id = jobruns.start(job, RunTrigger.AD_HOC, actor_id, target)
     except Exception:
         # No row to tell it in: the database is what failed. The log is the record.
         log.exception("ad-hoc %s for %s not started: its run could not be recorded", job, target)
         return
+    finally:
+        # Recorded (or never will be): the run row now speaks for it — unless another request came
+        # meanwhile, which is still queued.
+        with _queued_guard:
+            if key not in _pending:
+                _queued.discard(key)
     _opened(run_id, job)
     try:
-        _ad_hoc_work(job, fn, run_id)
+        _ad_hoc_work(job, fn, run_id, actor_id if notify else None)
     finally:
         _closed(run_id)
 
 
-def _ad_hoc_work(job: str, fn: Callable[[], dict], run_id: int) -> None:
+def _ad_hoc_work(job: str, fn: Callable[[], dict], run_id: int, notify_id: int | None) -> None:
     with logs.bind(run_id=run_id):
         # As in _run: only the work is inside the try.
         try:
@@ -658,8 +758,23 @@ def _ad_hoc_work(job: str, fn: Callable[[], dict], run_id: int) -> None:
             log.exception("job %s failed", job, extra=logs.event("scheduler.job.failed", job=job))
             err, failure = _failure(exc)
             _close(run_id, RunStatus.ERROR, error=err, failure=failure)
+            # The user's notice names the failure, never the upstream's own text: that is an English
+            # diagnostic, for the admin's run row and the log, not a user's inbox.
+            _notify_ad_hoc(
+                notify_id, job, RunStatus.ERROR, None, failure or {"failure": "unexpected"}
+            )
             return
-        _finish_ok(job, run_id, result)
+        summary, data = _finish_ok(job, run_id, result)
+        _notify_ad_hoc(notify_id, job, RunStatus.OK, summary, data)
+
+
+def _notify_ad_hoc(
+    user_id: int | None, job: str, status: RunStatus, summary: str | None, result: dict | None
+) -> None:
+    if user_id is None:
+        return
+    with SessionLocal() as db:
+        _notify_done(db, user_id, job, status, summary, result)
 
 
 # Room for every job at once (a "run all") beside a few ad-hoc runs: APScheduler's default pool of
@@ -700,3 +815,7 @@ def shutdown_scheduler() -> None:
     if _scheduler is not None:
         _scheduler.shutdown(wait=False)
         _scheduler = None
+    with _queued_guard:
+        # What it held will not run.
+        _queued.clear()
+        _pending.clear()

backend/app/sync/explore.py

@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ from sqlalchemy import delete, or_, select
 from sqlalchemy.orm import Session
 
 from app import logs, sysconfig
+from app.catalog import service as catalog_service
 from app.catalog.models import Channel, ExploredChannel, SearchFind, Subscription, Video
 from app.reader import queries as reader_queries
 from app.sync.videos import insert_stubs, stub_from_playlist_item, apply_video_details
@@ -66,11 +67,13 @@ def _enrich_new(db: Session, yt: YouTubeClient, video_ids: list[str]) -> int:
 def explore_ingest_page(
     db: Session, yt: YouTubeClient, channel: Channel, page_token: str | None = None
 ) -> dict:
-    """Ingest one page (up to 50, newest-first) of the channel's uploads, marking the new
-    videos via_explore, then enrich them. Returns the count ingested and the next page token
-    (None when the back-catalogue is exhausted) so the caller can offer "load more". Stateless
-    pagination: the caller round-trips the token, so the channel's own backfill cursor (used by
-    the organic deep backfill) is never touched."""
+    """Ingest one page (up to 50, newest-first) of the channel's uploads, marking the new videos
+    via_explore while the channel is an exploration's (`from_explore`): of a channel someone follows
+    they are its uploads like any other, and a flag there would never be cleared, since subscribing
+    clears only an explored channel's. Then enrich them. Returns the count ingested and the next
+    page token (None when the back-catalogue is exhausted) so the caller can offer "load more".
+    Stateless pagination: the caller round-trips the token, so the channel's own backfill cursor
+    (used by the organic deep backfill) is never touched."""
     if not channel.uploads_playlist_id:
         return {"ingested": 0, "next_page_token": None}
     try:
@@ -86,9 +89,10 @@ def explore_ingest_page(
     for item in data.get("items", []):
         stub = stub_from_playlist_item(item, channel.id)
         if stub is not None:
-            stub["via_explore"] = True
+            stub["via_explore"] = channel.from_explore
             stubs.append(stub)
     inserted = insert_stubs(db, stubs)
+    catalog_service.settle_explored(db, channel)
     self_enriched = _enrich_new(db, yt, [s["id"] for s in stubs])
     log.info(
         "explore ingest channel=%s ingested=%s enriched=%s", channel.id, inserted, self_enriched
@@ -105,7 +109,9 @@ def purge_unkept_explored(db: Session) -> dict:
       - a live ExploredChannel row (someone explored it within the grace window — channel-level), or
       - a video has per-user state: watched/in-progress (VideoState), in a playlist (PlaylistItem),
         or surfaced by the user's own search (SearchFind) — these survive even if the channel goes.
-    A channel row is dropped only once it holds no videos at all. 0 quota."""
+    A channel row is dropped only once it holds no videos at all, and not while someone's Takeout
+    history shows it watched (their "watched but not followed" list names it from that row).
+    0 quota."""
     grace_days = sysconfig.get_int(db, "explore_grace_days")
     cutoff = datetime.now(timezone.utc) - timedelta(days=grace_days)
 
@@ -135,7 +141,9 @@ def purge_unkept_explored(db: Session) -> dict:
 
     has_videos = select(Video.id).where(Video.channel_id == Channel.id).exists()
     channels_deleted = db.execute(
-        delete(Channel).where(Channel.id.in_(orphan_ids), ~has_videos)
+        delete(Channel).where(
+            Channel.id.in_(orphan_ids), ~has_videos, ~reader_queries.in_a_watch_history(Channel.id)
+        )
     ).rowcount
     db.commit()
     return {

backend/app/sync/subscriptions.py

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ from sqlalchemy.orm import Session
 
 from app import logs
 from app.models import User
+from app.catalog import service as catalog_service
 from app.catalog.models import Channel, Subscription
 from app.utils import normalize_description
 from app.youtube.client import YouTubeClient, YouTubeError, best_thumbnail
@@ -109,6 +110,21 @@ def apply_channel_details(db: Session, items: list[dict], asked: Iterable[str])
         channel.details_synced_at = now
 
 
+def describe_channels(db: Session, yt: YouTubeClient, channel_ids: list[str]) -> None:
+    """Make sure each given channel is in the catalog with its details: a channel it lacks is added
+    as a stub, then all of them are asked for (`channels.list`, 1 unit a 50). Flushes; the caller
+    commits."""
+    if not channel_ids:
+        return
+    have = set(db.execute(select(Channel.id).where(Channel.id.in_(channel_ids))).scalars())
+    for cid in dict.fromkeys(channel_ids):
+        if cid not in have:
+            db.add(Channel(id=cid))
+    db.flush()
+    apply_channel_details(db, yt.get_channels(channel_ids), channel_ids)
+    db.flush()
+
+
 def should_prune(fetched_count: int, existing_count: int) -> bool:
     """Whether an import may delete the local subscriptions missing from this fetch.
 
@@ -182,6 +198,10 @@ def import_subscriptions(db: Session, user: User) -> dict:
                 db.add(sub_row)
             sub_row.yt_subscription_id = sub.get("yt_subscription_id")
         db.flush()
+        # A follow made on youtube.com keeps an explored channel as a follow made here does.
+        explored = select(Channel).where(Channel.id.in_(fetched), Channel.from_explore.is_(True))
+        for channel in db.execute(explored).scalars():
+            catalog_service.settle_explored(db, channel)
 
         # Prune subscriptions removed on YouTube — but only when this fetch is trustworthy
         # (see `should_prune`).

backend/app/sync/videos.py

@@ -420,11 +420,15 @@ def run_shorts_classification(db: Session, limit: int | None = None) -> dict:
     return {"probed": probed, "shorts": shorts}
 
 
-def ensure_videos(db: Session, yt: YouTubeClient, video_ids: list[str]) -> None:
+def ensure_videos(
+    db: Session, yt: YouTubeClient, video_ids: list[str], *, explore: bool = False
+) -> None:
     """Make sure every given video id exists in the catalog, fetching + ingesting the
     missing ones (and a stub channel for any unknown channel). Deleted/private videos that
     the API won't return are simply left out. The catalog's write for a playlist sync that names
-    videos it has never seen; commits."""
+    videos it has never seen; commits. `explore` adds the new ones as an exploration's
+    (`via_explore`): visible to who explores or follows their channel, and reclaimed by the cleanup
+    once nobody keeps them."""
     if not video_ids:
         return
     have = set(db.execute(select(Video.id).where(Video.id.in_(video_ids))).scalars().all())
@@ -458,7 +462,12 @@ def ensure_videos(db: Session, yt: YouTubeClient, video_ids: list[str]) -> None:
         seen.add(vid)
         # published_at is NOT NULL (0068); apply_video_details re-fills a missing date, but seed a now()
         # fallback here too so the constructor never carries an explicit NULL.
-        v = Video(id=vid, channel_id=cid, published_at=parse_dt(sn.get("publishedAt")) or now)
+        v = Video(
+            id=vid,
+            channel_id=cid,
+            published_at=parse_dt(sn.get("publishedAt")) or now,
+            via_explore=explore,
+        )
         apply_video_details(v, it)
         v.enriched_at = now
         db.add(v)

backend/app/sysconfig.py

@@ -140,6 +140,15 @@ SPECS: tuple[ConfigSpec, ...] = (
         max=100_000,
         applies=LIVE,
     ),
+    ConfigSpec(
+        "related_daily_limit_per_user",
+        "int",
+        "quota",
+        "related_daily_limit_per_user",
+        min=0,
+        max=100_000,
+        applies=LIVE,
+    ),
     # Live-search source: "scrape" (InnerTube, zero API quota) or "api" (search.list, 100u/page).
     ConfigSpec("search_source", "choice", "quota", "search_source", applies=LIVE),
     ConfigSpec(

backend/app/youtube/client.py

@@ -30,12 +30,26 @@ class YouTubeError(Exception):
     message is prose, it changes under us, and it is deliberately the poorer of the two here.
 
     `path` is the API endpoint that ANSWERED with the failure (`playlistItems`); empty when no
-    endpoint did — the request never got through (`transport`) or the token step refused first."""
+    endpoint did — the request never got through (`transport`) or the token step refused first.
 
-    def __init__(self, message: str, *, reason: str = "", path: str = ""):
+    `sent` is a `transport` failure that came after the request may have gone out (a read timeout,
+    a dropped answer): nothing answered, but YouTube may have counted the call."""
+
+    def __init__(self, message: str, *, reason: str = "", path: str = "", sent: bool = False):
         super().__init__(message)
         self.reason = reason
         self.path = path
+        self.sent = sent
+
+
+# The transport failures that stop a request before it reaches YouTube: nothing went out.
+_UNSENT = (
+    httpx.ConnectError,
+    httpx.ConnectTimeout,
+    httpx.PoolTimeout,
+    httpx.ProxyError,
+    httpx.UnsupportedProtocol,
+)
 
 
 def _error_reason(resp: httpx.Response) -> str:
@@ -162,6 +176,9 @@ def best_thumbnail(thumbnails: dict | None) -> str | None:
 
 
 class YouTubeClient:
+    # The quota units this client has recorded: what its calls have spent of the shared budget.
+    spent: int = 0
+
     def __init__(self, db, user: User):
         self.db = db
         self.user = user
@@ -189,9 +206,16 @@ class YouTubeClient:
             return self._http.request(method, url, **kwargs)
         except httpx.HTTPError as exc:
             raise YouTubeError(
-                f"YouTube API unreachable ({exc.__class__.__name__}: {exc})", reason="transport"
+                f"YouTube API unreachable ({exc.__class__.__name__}: {exc})",
+                reason="transport",
+                sent=not isinstance(exc, _UNSENT),
             ) from exc
 
+    def _spend(self, units: int) -> None:
+        """Record what a call YouTube answered cost — a refused one too: it is charged all the same."""
+        quota.record_usage(units)
+        self.spent += units
+
     # --- auth ---
     def _access_token(self) -> str:
         tok = self.user.token
@@ -269,7 +293,7 @@ class YouTubeClient:
         else:
             headers["Authorization"] = f"Bearer {self._access_token()}"
         resp = self._send("GET", f"{API_BASE}/{path}", params=p, headers=headers)
-        quota.record_usage(cost)
+        self._spend(cost)
         if resp.status_code != 200:
             raise _upstream_failure("GET", path, resp, expected)
         return resp.json()
@@ -401,7 +425,7 @@ class YouTubeClient:
             params={"id": subscription_id},
             headers={"Authorization": f"Bearer {self._access_token()}"},
         )
-        quota.record_usage(50)
+        self._spend(50)
         if resp.status_code not in (200, 204):
             raise _upstream_failure("DELETE", "subscriptions", resp)
 
@@ -431,7 +455,7 @@ class YouTubeClient:
     def _write(self, method: str, path: str, *, params: dict, json: dict | None = None) -> dict:
         headers = {"Authorization": f"Bearer {self._access_token()}"}
         resp = self._send(method, f"{API_BASE}/{path}", params=params, json=json, headers=headers)
-        quota.record_usage(50)
+        self._spend(50)
         if resp.status_code not in (200, 204):
             raise _upstream_failure(method, path, resp)
         return resp.json() if resp.content else {}

backend/app/youtube/innertube.py

@@ -0,0 +1,160 @@
+"""The website's own InnerTube API (`youtubei/v1/*`), read the way the website reads it — no quota.
+
+The zero-quota search (`search_scrape`) and the related videos (`related_scrape`) both POST here with
+the public WEB key and a client version, read out of a live results page. This deliberately calls an
+undocumented endpoint: if YouTube changes the JSON shape or blocks the host, each caller says so as a
+`ScrapeError`, never as an empty answer.
+
+The SOCS=CAI consent-skip cookie is sent like the Shorts probe's, so a server-side request isn't
+bounced to consent.youtube.com."""
+
+import re
+
+import httpx
+
+from app import logs
+
+log = logs.get_logger(__name__)
+
+_API_URL = "https://www.youtube.com/youtubei/v1/"
+_RESULTS_URL = "https://www.youtube.com/results"
+# Public WEB InnerTube key + a recent client version. These are also embedded in every results
+# page; we fetch the live pair once and cache it, falling back to these constants.
+_FALLBACK_KEY = "AIzaSyAO_FJ2SlqU8Q4STEHLGCilw_Y9_11qcW8"  # gitleaks:allow -- the public WEB key, in every results page
+_FALLBACK_CLIENT_VERSION = "2.20240101.00.00"
+
+_HEADERS = {
+    "User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64)",
+    # SOCS skips YouTube's cookie-consent interstitial (otherwise every server-side request is
+    # redirected to consent.youtube.com).
+    "Cookie": "SOCS=CAI",
+    "Accept-Language": "en-US,en;q=0.9",
+}
+
+_KEY_RE = re.compile(r'"INNERTUBE_API_KEY":"([^"]+)"')
+_VER_RE = re.compile(r'"INNERTUBE_CLIENT_VERSION":"([^"]+)"')
+
+# Cached (api_key, client_version) extracted from a results page; refreshed on demand.
+_config: tuple[str, str] | None = None
+
+
+class ScrapeError(Exception):
+    """An InnerTube read could not be completed (network, blocked, or unexpected shape)."""
+
+
+def runs_text(node: dict | None) -> str | None:
+    """The text of an InnerTube text node: a `simpleText`, or its `runs` joined."""
+    if not node:
+        return None
+    if node.get("simpleText"):
+        return node["simpleText"]
+    runs = node.get("runs") or []
+    if runs:
+        return "".join(r.get("text", "") for r in runs)
+    return None
+
+
+def scraped_video(
+    vid: str, channel_id: object, channel_title: object, title: object, thumbnails: object
+) -> dict:
+    """One scraped video in the shape `YouTubeClient.search_videos` answers, so a page of either
+    source is ingested the same way. `published_at` is None (the website shows only a relative
+    "3 years ago"; the enrich fills the real date) and `live_broadcast` "none" (live/upcoming are
+    judged after the enrich, by `live_status`). The largest thumbnail is the last."""
+    thumbs = thumbnails if isinstance(thumbnails, list) else []
+    last = thumbs[-1] if thumbs else None
+    return {
+        "id": vid,
+        "channel_id": channel_id if isinstance(channel_id, str) and channel_id else None,
+        "channel_title": channel_title if isinstance(channel_title, str) else None,
+        "title": title if isinstance(title, str) else None,
+        "published_at": None,
+        "thumbnail_url": last.get("url") if isinstance(last, dict) else None,
+        "live_broadcast": "none",
+    }
+
+
+def video_renderer(node: dict) -> dict | None:
+    """A `videoRenderer` (search) or `compactVideoRenderer` (the older related column) flattened —
+    the two draw a video the same way. None without a video id; the channel is None when the byline
+    names none."""
+    vid = node.get("videoId")
+    if not isinstance(vid, str) or not vid:
+        return None
+    owner = node.get("ownerText") or node.get("longBylineText") or {}
+    runs = owner.get("runs") if isinstance(owner, dict) else None
+    first = runs[0] if isinstance(runs, list) and runs and isinstance(runs[0], dict) else {}
+    endpoint = (first.get("navigationEndpoint") or {}).get("browseEndpoint") or {}
+    return scraped_video(
+        vid,
+        endpoint.get("browseId"),
+        first.get("text"),
+        runs_text(node.get("title")),
+        (node.get("thumbnail") or {}).get("thumbnails"),
+    )
+
+
+def continuation_token(node: object) -> str | None:
+    """The "load more" cursor of a `continuationItemRenderer`, or None when `node` is not one."""
+    if not isinstance(node, dict):
+        return None
+    command = (node.get("continuationEndpoint") or {}).get("continuationCommand") or {}
+    token = command.get("token")
+    return token if isinstance(token, str) and token else None
+
+
+def _get_config(client: httpx.Client) -> tuple[str, str]:
+    """The current InnerTube (api_key, client_version), cached after the first fetch that FOUND them.
+
+    The fallback pair is never cached: it used to be, so one failed fetch (or a consent page with no
+    keys on it) at the wrong moment pinned every later search to a hard-coded key and version for
+    the life of the process — and when those went stale, search returned nothing, with no error
+    anywhere. Now the next call simply tries the live pair again."""
+    global _config
+    if _config is not None:
+        return _config
+    try:
+        html = client.get(_RESULTS_URL, params={"search_query": "music"}).text
+    except httpx.HTTPError as exc:
+        log.warning(
+            "the InnerTube config could not be fetched; falling back to the pinned key",
+            extra=logs.event("youtube.scrape.config_fallback", reason=type(exc).__name__),
+        )
+        return (_FALLBACK_KEY, _FALLBACK_CLIENT_VERSION)
+    key = _KEY_RE.search(html)
+    ver = _VER_RE.search(html)
+    if key and ver:
+        _config = (key.group(1), ver.group(1))
+        return _config
+    log.warning(
+        "the results page carried no InnerTube config; falling back to the pinned key",
+        extra=logs.event("youtube.scrape.config_fallback", reason="not_on_page"),
+    )
+    return (
+        key.group(1) if key else _FALLBACK_KEY,
+        ver.group(1) if ver else _FALLBACK_CLIENT_VERSION,
+    )
+
+
+def post(endpoint: str, body: dict, *, hl: str = "en", gl: str = "US") -> dict:
+    """POST `body` to `youtubei/v1/<endpoint>` as the WEB client in the `hl`/`gl` locale and return
+    the decoded JSON object. A network failure, an HTTP error or a body that is not a JSON object (a
+    block, consent or captcha page) raises `ScrapeError`; the caller judges the shape."""
+    with httpx.Client(timeout=20.0, headers=_HEADERS) as client:
+        api_key, client_version = _get_config(client)
+        context = {
+            "client": {"clientName": "WEB", "clientVersion": client_version, "hl": hl, "gl": gl}
+        }
+        try:
+            resp = client.post(
+                _API_URL + endpoint, params={"key": api_key}, json={"context": context, **body}
+            )
+            resp.raise_for_status()
+            data = resp.json()
+        except httpx.HTTPError as exc:
+            raise ScrapeError(f"InnerTube request failed: {exc}") from exc
+        except ValueError as exc:  # non-JSON body (blocked / consent / captcha)
+            raise ScrapeError("InnerTube returned a non-JSON response") from exc
+    if not isinstance(data, dict):
+        raise ScrapeError("InnerTube returned an unexpected shape")
+    return data

backend/app/youtube/related_scrape.py

@@ -0,0 +1,141 @@
+"""A video's related videos, read from the watch page's InnerTube `next` endpoint — no quota.
+
+The Data API has no related-videos call any more, so this is the only source: the same list the
+website shows beside a playing video. A page holds about 20 videos and a continuation token for the
+next 20. The returned page has the search scrape's shape (``{"items": [...], "next_page_token"}``)
+so the catalog ingests it the same way (`catalog.search.ingest_candidates`).
+
+YouTube draws each item as a `lockupViewModel` now; the older `compactVideoRenderer` is read too, so
+a rollback on its side does not empty the list. An item that names no single channel — a video by
+several channels draws an avatar stack, not one avatar — is left out: the catalog row needs its
+channel up front, and the stack does not say which one uploaded it.
+
+`hl`/`gl` pick the locale YouTube fills the list in: ``en``/``US`` keeps it on the video's topic,
+``hu``/``HU`` mixes in what is trending in Hungary (measured)."""
+
+from app.youtube.innertube import (
+    ScrapeError,
+    continuation_token,
+    post,
+    scraped_video,
+    video_renderer,
+)
+
+__all__ = ["ScrapeError", "related"]
+
+# Where a first page and a continuation page put their item list.
+_FIRST = (
+    "contents",
+    "twoColumnWatchNextResults",
+    "secondaryResults",
+    "secondaryResults",
+    "results",
+)
+_APPENDS = ("appendContinuationItemsAction", "reloadContinuationItemsCommand")
+
+
+def _at(node: object, *path: str | int) -> object:
+    """The value under `path` in nested dicts/lists, or None where the path stops."""
+    for key in path:
+        if isinstance(node, dict) and isinstance(key, str):
+            node = node.get(key)
+        elif isinstance(node, list) and isinstance(key, int) and -len(node) <= key < len(node):
+            node = node[key]
+        else:
+            return None
+    return node
+
+
+def _lockup(node: dict) -> dict | None:
+    if node.get("contentType") != "LOCKUP_CONTENT_TYPE_VIDEO" or not node.get("contentId"):
+        return None
+    meta = _at(node, "metadata", "lockupMetadataViewModel")
+    channel_id = _at(
+        meta,
+        "image",
+        "decoratedAvatarViewModel",
+        "rendererContext",
+        "commandContext",
+        "onTap",
+        "innertubeCommand",
+        "browseEndpoint",
+        "browseId",
+    )
+    channel_title = _at(
+        meta, "metadata", "contentMetadataViewModel", "metadataRows", 0, "metadataParts", 0
+    )
+    return scraped_video(
+        node["contentId"],
+        channel_id,
+        _at(channel_title, "text", "content"),
+        _at(meta, "title", "content"),
+        _at(node, "contentImage", "thumbnailViewModel", "image", "sources"),
+    )
+
+
+def _unavailable(data: dict) -> bool:
+    """Whether the watch page says the video is not available: its main column draws a
+    `backgroundPromoRenderer` ("This video isn't available anymore") and there is no related column.
+    YouTube's own word for "nothing related" — the one empty page that is not a shape we lost."""
+    sections = _at(data, "contents", "twoColumnWatchNextResults", "results", "results", "contents")
+    for section in sections if isinstance(sections, list) else []:
+        inner = _at(section, "itemSectionRenderer", "contents")
+        for node in inner if isinstance(inner, list) else []:
+            if isinstance(node, dict) and "backgroundPromoRenderer" in node:
+                return True
+    return False
+
+
+def _items(data: dict) -> list | None:
+    """The page's item list (first page or continuation), or None when it has neither frame."""
+    first = _at(data, *_FIRST)
+    if isinstance(first, list):
+        return first
+    if _unavailable(data):
+        return []
+    for endpoint in data.get("onResponseReceivedEndpoints") or []:
+        for key in _APPENDS:
+            items = _at(endpoint, key, "continuationItems")
+            if isinstance(items, list):
+                return items
+    return None
+
+
+def related(
+    video_id: str, continuation: str | None = None, *, hl: str = "en", gl: str = "US"
+) -> dict:
+    """One page of `video_id`'s related videos (`continuation` = the token a previous page gave).
+
+    A video YouTube says it no longer has is an empty page. An answer of a shape this does not know
+    — no related column, or one whose entries are all renderers it cannot read — is a `ScrapeError`:
+    not an empty page, which would read as "nothing related"."""
+    body = {"continuation": continuation} if continuation else {"videoId": video_id}
+    data = post("next", body, hl=hl, gl=gl)
+    items = _items(data)
+    if items is None:
+        raise ScrapeError("InnerTube returned no related list")
+    out: list[dict] = []
+    seen: set[str] = set()
+    token = None
+    known = 0  # entries drawn by a renderer read here (a video's, or the cursor)
+    for entry in items:
+        if not isinstance(entry, dict):
+            continue
+        if "lockupViewModel" in entry:
+            item = _lockup(entry["lockupViewModel"])
+        elif "compactVideoRenderer" in entry:
+            item = video_renderer(entry["compactVideoRenderer"])
+        else:
+            found = continuation_token(entry.get("continuationItemRenderer"))
+            known += found is not None
+            token = token or found
+            continue
+        known += 1
+        # A video by several channels draws an avatar stack, not one: no channel, left out.
+        if item and item["channel_id"] and item["id"] not in seen:
+            seen.add(item["id"])
+            out.append(item)
+    # A list with entries but none of them one we read: YouTube draws its items some new way.
+    if items and not known:
+        raise ScrapeError("InnerTube's related list holds no renderer this reads")
+    return {"items": out, "next_page_token": token}

backend/app/youtube/search_scrape.py

@@ -6,9 +6,9 @@ calls — and read the result list straight out of the JSON. The returned video
 through the normal enrich path (videos.list, 1 unit / 50), exactly as the official search does,
 so the search itself is effectively free and only the (cheap, shared) enrichment is charged.
 
-The SOCS=CAI consent-skip cookie is used like the Shorts probe so a server-side request isn't
-bounced to consent.youtube.com. This deliberately scrapes an undocumented endpoint: if YouTube
-changes the JSON shape or blocks the host, an admin can flip ``search_source`` back to ``api``.
+The request itself (the live key, the consent cookie) is `innertube`'s. This deliberately scrapes an
+undocumented endpoint: if YouTube changes the JSON shape or blocks the host, an admin can flip
+``search_source`` back to ``api``.
 
 The returned page mirrors :meth:`YouTubeClient.search_videos` exactly
 (``{"items": [...], "next_page_token": str | None}``) so the route is source-agnostic — the
@@ -17,110 +17,16 @@ only difference is the cursor is an InnerTube *continuation token*, not a Data A
 the real date is filled by the videos.list enrich. ``live_broadcast`` is reported as ``"none"``
 and live/upcoming filtering happens post-enrich via ``live_status`` (same as the API path)."""
 
-import re
+from app.youtube.innertube import ScrapeError, continuation_token, post, video_renderer
 
-import httpx
+__all__ = ["ScrapeError", "search"]
 
-from app import logs
-
-log = logs.get_logger(__name__)
-
-_SEARCH_URL = "https://www.youtube.com/youtubei/v1/search"
-_RESULTS_URL = "https://www.youtube.com/results"
-# Public WEB InnerTube key + a recent client version. These are also embedded in every results
-# page; we fetch the live pair once and cache it, falling back to these constants.
-_FALLBACK_KEY = "AIzaSyAO_FJ2SlqU8Q4STEHLGCilw_Y9_11qcW8"
-_FALLBACK_CLIENT_VERSION = "2.20240101.00.00"
 # sp / params value selecting the "type: video" search filter (base64 protobuf EgIQAQ==).
 _TYPE_VIDEO = "EgIQAQ=="
 
-_HEADERS = {
-    "User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64)",
-    # SOCS skips YouTube's cookie-consent interstitial (otherwise every server-side request is
-    # redirected to consent.youtube.com).
-    "Cookie": "SOCS=CAI",
-    "Accept-Language": "en-US,en;q=0.9",
-}
-
 # The top-level keys a first page (contents) and a continuation page (onResponseReceivedCommands)
 # put their result list under.
 _RESULT_FRAMES = {"contents", "onResponseReceivedCommands"}
-_KEY_RE = re.compile(r'"INNERTUBE_API_KEY":"([^"]+)"')
-_VER_RE = re.compile(r'"INNERTUBE_CLIENT_VERSION":"([^"]+)"')
-
-# Cached (api_key, client_version) extracted from a results page; refreshed on demand.
-_config: tuple[str, str] | None = None
-
-
-class ScrapeError(Exception):
-    """A scrape-based search could not be completed (network, blocked, or unexpected shape)."""
-
-
-def _runs_text(node: dict | None) -> str | None:
-    if not node:
-        return None
-    if node.get("simpleText"):
-        return node["simpleText"]
-    runs = node.get("runs") or []
-    if runs:
-        return "".join(r.get("text", "") for r in runs)
-    return None
-
-
-def _get_config(client: httpx.Client) -> tuple[str, str]:
-    """The current InnerTube (api_key, client_version), cached after the first fetch that FOUND them.
-
-    The fallback pair is never cached: it used to be, so one failed fetch (or a consent page with no
-    keys on it) at the wrong moment pinned every later search to a hard-coded key and version for
-    the life of the process — and when those went stale, search returned nothing, with no error
-    anywhere. Now the next search simply tries the live pair again."""
-    global _config
-    if _config is not None:
-        return _config
-    try:
-        html = client.get(_RESULTS_URL, params={"search_query": "music"}).text
-    except httpx.HTTPError as exc:
-        log.warning(
-            "the InnerTube config could not be fetched; falling back to the pinned key",
-            extra=logs.event("youtube.scrape.config_fallback", reason=type(exc).__name__),
-        )
-        return (_FALLBACK_KEY, _FALLBACK_CLIENT_VERSION)
-    key = _KEY_RE.search(html)
-    ver = _VER_RE.search(html)
-    if key and ver:
-        _config = (key.group(1), ver.group(1))
-        return _config
-    log.warning(
-        "the results page carried no InnerTube config; falling back to the pinned key",
-        extra=logs.event("youtube.scrape.config_fallback", reason="not_on_page"),
-    )
-    return (
-        key.group(1) if key else _FALLBACK_KEY,
-        ver.group(1) if ver else _FALLBACK_CLIENT_VERSION,
-    )
-
-
-def _video_item(vr: dict) -> dict | None:
-    """Flatten a YouTube `videoRenderer` into the same shape as YouTubeClient.search_videos."""
-    vid = vr.get("videoId")
-    if not vid:
-        return None
-    owner = vr.get("ownerText") or vr.get("longBylineText") or {}
-    runs = owner.get("runs") or []
-    channel_id = channel_title = None
-    if runs:
-        channel_title = runs[0].get("text")
-        channel_id = runs[0].get("navigationEndpoint", {}).get("browseEndpoint", {}).get("browseId")
-    thumbs = (vr.get("thumbnail") or {}).get("thumbnails") or []
-    return {
-        "id": vid,
-        "channel_id": channel_id,
-        "channel_title": channel_title,
-        "title": _runs_text(vr.get("title")),
-        "published_at": None,  # scrape exposes only a relative time; enrich fills the real date
-        "thumbnail_url": thumbs[-1]["url"] if thumbs else None,
-        "live_broadcast": "none",  # live/upcoming filtered post-enrich via live_status
-    }
 
 
 def _collect_videos(obj, out: list[dict], seen: set[str]) -> None:
@@ -130,7 +36,7 @@ def _collect_videos(obj, out: list[dict], seen: set[str]) -> None:
     if isinstance(obj, dict):
         vr = obj.get("videoRenderer")
         if isinstance(vr, dict):
-            item = _video_item(vr)
+            item = video_renderer(vr)
             if item and item["id"] not in seen:
                 seen.add(item["id"])
                 out.append(item)
@@ -144,11 +50,9 @@ def _collect_videos(obj, out: list[dict], seen: set[str]) -> None:
 def _find_continuation(obj) -> str | None:
     """First continuationItemRenderer token (the 'load more' cursor), or None at the end."""
     if isinstance(obj, dict):
-        cir = obj.get("continuationItemRenderer")
-        if isinstance(cir, dict):
-            tok = cir.get("continuationEndpoint", {}).get("continuationCommand", {}).get("token")
-            if tok:
-                return tok
+        tok = continuation_token(obj.get("continuationItemRenderer"))
+        if tok:
+            return tok
         for v in obj.values():
             tok = _find_continuation(v)
             if tok:
@@ -167,34 +71,14 @@ def search(q: str, continuation: str | None = None) -> dict:
     `continuation` is the InnerTube continuation token from a previous page (None for the first
     page). Returns ``{"items": [...], "next_page_token": str | None}`` — the same shape as
     YouTubeClient.search_videos so the route handles both sources identically."""
-    with httpx.Client(timeout=20.0, headers=_HEADERS) as client:
-        api_key, client_version = _get_config(client)
-        context = {
-            "client": {
-                "clientName": "WEB",
-                "clientVersion": client_version,
-                "hl": "en",
-                "gl": "US",
-            }
-        }
-        body: dict = {"context": context}
-        if continuation:
-            body["continuation"] = continuation
-        else:
-            body["query"] = q
-            body["params"] = _TYPE_VIDEO
-        try:
-            resp = client.post(_SEARCH_URL, params={"key": api_key}, json=body)
-            resp.raise_for_status()
-            data = resp.json()
-        except httpx.HTTPError as exc:
-            raise ScrapeError(f"InnerTube request failed: {exc}") from exc
-        except ValueError as exc:  # non-JSON body (blocked / consent / captcha)
-            raise ScrapeError("InnerTube returned a non-JSON response") from exc
+    body: dict = (
+        {"continuation": continuation} if continuation else {"query": q, "params": _TYPE_VIDEO}
+    )
+    data = post("search", body)
 
     # Even a search with no results carries its result list's frame. Without one this is not "no
     # results" but a shape we do not know (YouTube moved, or a block page in JSON) — say so.
-    if not isinstance(data, dict) or not _RESULT_FRAMES & data.keys():
+    if not _RESULT_FRAMES & data.keys():
         raise ScrapeError("InnerTube returned an unexpected shape")
     items: list[dict] = []
     _collect_videos(data, items, set())

backend/requirements.lock

@@ -6,9 +6,10 @@
 # bumped in place instead of a full regeneration, which would move every other package too — then
 # `pip install -r requirements.lock && pip check` must pass. In place so far: urllib3 2.7.0 -> 2.8.0 (PYSEC-2026-4175/4176/4177); yt-dlp 2026.7.4 -> 2026.8.19
 # (it marks the clients that need a stream PO token, so the downloader stops fetching into a 403);
-# certifi 2026.7.22 -> 2026.10.19 (GHSA-6q48-6c7w-9gw2).
+# certifi 2026.7.22 -> 2026.10.19 (GHSA-6q48-6c7w-9gw2); brotli 1.2.0 -> 1.2.1 (PYSEC-2026-4322);
+# Authlib 1.7.2 -> 1.9.1 (CVE-2026-96760, CVE-2026-114616).
 APScheduler==3.11.3
-Authlib==1.7.2
+Authlib==1.9.1
 Mako==1.4.1
 MarkupSafe==3.0.3
 PyYAML==6.0.3
@@ -21,7 +22,7 @@ anyio==4.14.2
 argon2-cffi-bindings==25.1.0
 argon2-cffi==25.1.0
 bgutil-ytdlp-pot-provider==1.3.1
-brotli==1.2.0
+brotli==1.2.1
 certifi==2026.10.19
 cffi==2.1.1
 charset-normalizer==3.5.1

backend/tests/conftest.py

@@ -327,3 +327,15 @@ def _reset_log_erasures():
     from app import logs
 
     logs._erased.clear()
+
+
+@pytest.fixture(autouse=True)
+def _reset_ad_hoc_queue():
+    """The scheduler's ad-hoc queue is module-level too: a request a test left pending would read as
+    a later test's user's import still queued (ids restart from 1)."""
+    from app import scheduler
+
+    with scheduler._queued_guard:
+        scheduler._queued.clear()
+        scheduler._pending.clear()
+        scheduler._running.clear()

backend/tests/fixtures/innertube_next_continuation.json

@@ -0,0 +1,527 @@
+{
+ "onResponseReceivedEndpoints": [
+  {
+   "appendContinuationItemsAction": {
+    "continuationItems": [
+     {
+      "lockupViewModel": {
+       "contentImage": {
+        "thumbnailViewModel": {
+         "image": {
+          "sources": [
+           {
+            "url": "https://i.ytimg.com/vi/_HfdncCbMOE/hqdefault.jpg?sqp=-oaymwEiCKgBEF5IWvKriqkDFQgBFQAAAAAYASUAAMhCPQCAokN4AQ==&rs=AOn4CLARvB39pkdsiuUUQTsZjkhvbKrfcQ",
+            "width": 168,
+            "height": 94
+           },
+           {
+            "url": "https://i.ytimg.com/vi/_HfdncCbMOE/hqdefault.jpg?sqp=-oaymwEjCNACELwBSFryq4qpAxUIARUAAAAAGAElAADIQj0AgKJDeAE=&rs=AOn4CLB15aZU5-tzwYCEbNTnZK3UX6ZCzQ",
+            "width": 336,
+            "height": 188
+           }
+          ]
+         },
+         "overlays": [
+          {
+           "thumbnailBottomOverlayViewModel": {
+            "badges": [
+             {
+              "thumbnailBadgeViewModel": {
+               "text": "1:08:18",
+               "badgeStyle": "THUMBNAIL_OVERLAY_BADGE_STYLE_DEFAULT",
+               "animationActivationTargetId": "_HfdncCbMOE",
+               "animatedText": "Now playing",
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+              }
+             }
+            ]
+           }
+          }
+         ]
+        }
+       },
+       "metadata": {
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+         "title": {
+          "content": "MIT 6.S191 (2025): Large Language Models (Liquid AI)"
+         },
+         "image": {
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+               }
+              ]
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+            }
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+               }
+              }
+             ]
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+               },
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+                }
+               }
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+               },
+               "accessibilityLabel": "1 year ago"
+              }
+             ]
+            }
+           ],
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+          }
+         }
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+      }
+     },
+     {
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+       "contentImage": {
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+            "width": 168,
+            "height": 94
+           },
+           {
+            "url": "https://i.ytimg.com/vi/P7Hkh2zOGQ0/hqdefault.jpg?sqp=-oaymwEjCNACELwBSFryq4qpAxUIARUAAAAAGAElAADIQj0AgKJDeAE=&rs=AOn4CLDXrm5g-rdjRIqqK309ImTdqpw4CA",
+            "width": 336,
+            "height": 188
+           }
+          ]
+         },
+         "overlays": [
+          {
+           "thumbnailBottomOverlayViewModel": {
+            "badges": [
+             {
+              "thumbnailBadgeViewModel": {
+               "text": "1:08:19",
+               "badgeStyle": "THUMBNAIL_OVERLAY_BADGE_STYLE_DEFAULT",
+               "animationActivationTargetId": "P7Hkh2zOGQ0",
+               "animatedText": "Now playing",
+               "animationActivationEntitySelectorType": "THUMBNAIL_BADGE_ANIMATION_ENTITY_SELECTOR_TYPE_PLAYER_STATE"
+              }
+             }
+            ]
+           }
+          }
+         ]
+        }
+       },
+       "metadata": {
+        "lockupMetadataViewModel": {
+         "title": {
+          "content": "MIT 6.S191 (2024): Google - Generative AI for Media"
+         },
+         "image": {
+          "decoratedAvatarViewModel": {
+           "avatar": {
+            "avatarViewModel": {
+             "image": {
+              "sources": [
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+                "width": 68,
+                "height": 68
+               }
+              ]
+             },
+             "avatarImageSize": "AVATAR_SIZE_M"
+            }
+           },
+           "a11yLabel": "Go to channel Alexander Amini",
+           "rendererContext": {
+            "commandContext": {
+             "onTap": {
+              "innertubeCommand": {
+               "browseEndpoint": {
+                "browseId": "UCtslD4DGH6PKyG_1gFAX7sg"
+               }
+              }
+             }
+            }
+           }
+          }
+         },
+         "metadata": {
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+               }
+              }
+             ]
+            },
+            {
+             "metadataParts": [
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+                "content": "49K"
+               },
+               "accessibilityLabel": "49 thousand views",
+               "leadingIcon": {
+                "name": "PLAY_ARROW_OUTLINED",
+                "height": 12,
+                "width": 12,
+                "marginEndToken": {
+                 "spacing": 2
+                }
+               }
+              },
+              {
+               "text": {
+                "content": "2y ago"
+               },
+               "accessibilityLabel": "2 years ago"
+              }
+             ]
+            }
+           ],
+           "delimiter": " "
+          }
+         }
+        }
+       },
+       "contentId": "P7Hkh2zOGQ0",
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+       }
+      }
+     },
+     {
+      "continuationItemRenderer": {
+       "trigger": "CONTINUATION_TRIGGER_ON_ITEM_SHOWN",
+       "continuationEndpoint": {
+        "commandMetadata": {
+         "webCommandMetadata": {
+          "sendPost": true,
+          "apiUrl": "/youtubei/v1/next"
+         }
+        },
+        "continuationCommand": {
+         "token": "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",
+         "request": "CONTINUATION_REQUEST_TYPE_WATCH_NEXT"
+        }
+       }
+      }
+     }
+    ]
+   }
+  }
+ ]
+}

backend/tests/fixtures/innertube_next_first.json

@@ -0,0 +1,805 @@
+{
+ "contents": {
+  "twoColumnWatchNextResults": {
+   "secondaryResults": {
+    "secondaryResults": {
+     "results": [
+      {
+       "lockupViewModel": {
+        "contentImage": {
+         "thumbnailViewModel": {
+          "image": {
+           "sources": [
+            {
+             "url": "https://i.ytimg.com/vi/to-lHJfK4pw/hqdefault.jpg?sqp=-oaymwEiCKgBEF5IWvKriqkDFQgBFQAAAAAYASUAAMhCPQCAokN4AQ==&rs=AOn4CLBKP_oFChvoqvwVrKAy_PG9bn2_AA",
+             "width": 168,
+             "height": 94
+            },
+            {
+             "url": "https://i.ytimg.com/vi/to-lHJfK4pw/hqdefault.jpg?sqp=-oaymwEjCNACELwBSFryq4qpAxUIARUAAAAAGAElAADIQj0AgKJDeAE=&rs=AOn4CLDyH3Z8DJhXMmFJ5eKEWMufk7ql9g",
+             "width": 336,
+             "height": 188
+            }
+           ]
+          },
+          "overlays": [
+           {
+            "thumbnailBottomOverlayViewModel": {
+             "badges": [
+              {
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+          "overlayOutlineRim": 871551946,
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+          "directionalLightStopSecondary": 4280027394,
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+          "onDisabledContainer": 1728050160,
+          "temporaryOutline": 871551946
+         }
+        }
+       }
+      },
+      {
+       "continuationItemRenderer": {
+        "trigger": "CONTINUATION_TRIGGER_ON_ITEM_SHOWN",
+        "continuationEndpoint": {
+         "commandMetadata": {
+          "webCommandMetadata": {
+           "sendPost": true,
+           "apiUrl": "/youtubei/v1/next"
+          }
+         },
+         "continuationCommand": {
+          "token": "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%3D",
+          "request": "CONTINUATION_REQUEST_TYPE_WATCH_NEXT"
+         }
+        },
+        "button": {
+         "buttonRenderer": {
+          "style": "STYLE_SUGGESTIVE",
+          "size": "SIZE_DEFAULT",
+          "isDisabled": false,
+          "text": {
+           "runs": [
+            {
+             "text": "Show more"
+            }
+           ]
+          },
+          "command": {
+           "commandMetadata": {
+            "webCommandMetadata": {
+             "sendPost": true,
+             "apiUrl": "/youtubei/v1/next"
+            }
+           },
+           "continuationCommand": {
+            "token": "CBQSDRILU2RUWkFNREtyTlkYACqXBk1nb0l5ZGl1dXRUNDdQc2EyczZMNnd5LUJBcTdCQW9EOGo0QUNnN0NQZ3NJbk1XcnZzbWo2Y2UyQVFvRDhqNEFDZzNDUGdvSW90N0czWnVCMy1KSENnUHlQZ0FLRGNJLUNnaTVfOGVUbjV5cTJSd0tBX0ktQUFvT3dqNExDSkQydWJfNXp2ZXZfUUVLQV9JLUFBb053ajRLQ1BXWjVQakt2cjZWU2dvRDhqNEFDZzNDUGdvSW9aTDd1OUtGdF85NkNnUHlQZ0FLRGNJLUNnaUh3N2FLMzd6YzVIZ0tBX0ktQUFvT3dqNExDUE94aHRQTWtfVzB1UUVLQV9JLUFBb093ajRMQ092eTBzaXNsSWZScGdFS0FfSS1BQW9Pd2o0TENKS1FxdHpBeE5lZHJBRUtBX0ktQUFvTndqNEtDTFdteWE2cHNPMkJPZ29EOGo0QUNnM0NQZ29JanYtdy1wQ3k1YVozQ2dQeVBnQUtEc0ktQ3dqMmtmVF9tYlB1XzRvQkNnUHlQZ0FLRHNJLUN3aVpuYWZjc0tQVmpZUUJDZ1B5UGdBS0RjSS1DZ2lxM3BxM3FyX2s0U0VLQV9JLUFBb053ajRLQ0phNXU5eVJvTmJOS0FvRDhqNEFDZzNDUGdvSXFMeWR3T1NhNGJkV0NnUHlQZ0FLRGNJLUNnakh3X2ZucktlSDdXUUtBX0ktQUFvTndqNEtDUG4xak1mcXg4QzJNQW9EOGo0QUNnM0NQZ29JeWRpdXV0VDQ3UHNhRWhRQUFnUUdDQW9NRGhBU0ZCWVlHaHdlSUNJa0pob0VDQUFRQVJvRUNBSVFBeG9FQ0FRUUJSb0VDQVlRQnhvRUNBZ1FDUm9FQ0FvUUN4b0VDQXdRRFJvRUNBNFFEeG9FQ0JBUUVSb0VDQklRRXhvRUNCUVFGUm9FQ0JZUUZ4b0VDQmdRR1JvRUNCb1FHeG9FQ0J3UUhSb0VDQjRRSHhvRUNDQVFJUm9FQ0NJUUl4b0VDQ1FRSlJvRUNDWVFKeW9VQUFJRUJnZ0tEQTRRRWhRV0dCb2NIaUFpSkNZag93YXRjaC1uZXh0LWZlZWQ%3D",
+            "request": "CONTINUATION_REQUEST_TYPE_WATCH_NEXT"
+           }
+          }
+         }
+        }
+       }
+      }
+     ]
+    }
+   }
+  }
+ }
+}

backend/tests/test_activity_reads.py

@@ -159,6 +159,15 @@ def test_the_run_list_filters_pages_and_names_the_channel_and_the_log_lines(db,
     assert facets["total"] == 4
 
 
+def test_the_run_list_names_the_user_a_takeout_import_ran_for(db, make_user, as_user):
+    admin = make_user(role="admin")
+    importer = make_user("importer@example.com")
+    imported = _run(db, "takeout_import", "ok", importer.id, T0, f"user:{importer.id}", "ad_hoc")
+    db.commit()
+    (row,) = as_user(admin).get("/api/admin/runs").json()["items"]
+    assert (row["id"], row["target_title"]) == (imported, "importer@example.com")
+
+
 def test_the_quota_breakdown_covers_its_range_and_one_account(db, make_user, as_user):
     admin = make_user(role="admin")
     now = datetime.now(timezone.utc)

backend/tests/test_body_limit.py

@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@ from app import bodylimit, debugsession, sysconfig
 from app.config import settings
 from app.models import SystemConfig
 from app.bodylimit import DEFAULT_MAX_BODY_BYTES, BodyLimitMiddleware
+from app.reader import takeout
 from app.routes import diagnostics as diagnostics_routes
 
 SMALL = b"x" * 16
@@ -221,6 +222,7 @@ def test_the_default_ceiling_clears_the_largest_body_a_default_route_takes():
 CAPPED_BODY_SITES = {
     ("diagnostics.py", "_parsed_events", "capped_body", "BODY_MAX_BYTES"),
     ("debug_sessions.py", "_image_body", "capped_body", "debugsession.SCREENSHOT_MAX_BYTES"),
+    ("feed.py", "_takeout_body", "capped_body", "takeout.MAX_BYTES"),
     ("files.py", "spool_upload", "capped_stream_to", "cap"),
 }
 
@@ -368,6 +370,9 @@ def test_every_body_reading_site_is_known_and_fits_under_its_ceiling():
     # The upload site's limit is the sysconfig knob, which is bounded BY the edge ceiling rather
     # than being a constant to compare against — that pairing is its own test below.
     assert ("POST", "/api/files/upload") in bodylimit.ROUTE_MAX_BODY_BYTES
+    # A Takeout file is larger than the default: without its ceiling every real history is a 413.
+    assert takeout.MAX_BYTES > DEFAULT_MAX_BODY_BYTES
+    assert bodylimit.ROUTE_MAX_BODY_BYTES[("POST", "/api/takeout")] == takeout.MAX_BYTES
 
 
 def test_release_read_connection_ends_the_transaction_it_was_called_for(db):

backend/tests/test_catalog_service.py

@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ from datetime import datetime, timedelta, timezone
 from sqlalchemy import select
 
 from app.catalog import queries, search, service
+from app.db import SessionLocal
 from app.catalog.models import (
     BlockedChannel,
     Channel,
@@ -22,6 +23,8 @@ from app.catalog.models import (
 )
 from app.reader import queries as reader_queries
 from app.reader import service as reader_service
+from app.sync import explore as sync_explore
+from app.sync import subscriptions as sync_subscriptions
 
 
 def _channel(db, cid="UCc", **kw):
@@ -141,6 +144,89 @@ def test_subscribing_keeps_an_explored_channel_and_its_videos(db, make_user):
     assert queries.subscription(db, user, "UCc") is None
 
 
+def test_exploring_a_channel_someone_follows_brings_its_uploads_in_as_the_catalogs_own(
+    db, make_user, monkeypatch
+):
+    follower, explorer = make_user(), make_user()
+    ch = _channel(db, uploads_playlist_id="UUc")
+    db.add(Subscription(user_id=follower.id, channel_id="UCc"))
+    db.commit()
+    service.explore(db, explorer, ch)
+    db.commit()
+
+    class _Yt:
+        def get_playlist_items(self, playlist_id, page_token):
+            item = {"contentDetails": {"videoId": "v1", "videoPublishedAt": "2026-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}
+            return {"items": [item]}
+
+    monkeypatch.setattr(sync_explore, "_enrich_new", lambda session, yt, ids: 0)
+    sync_explore.explore_ingest_page(db, _Yt(), ch)
+    db.commit()
+    db.expire_all()
+    # The channel is followed, so not the exploration's: a video flagged as one would stay flagged
+    # (subscribing clears only an explored channel's) and its watched marks would wait for good.
+    assert (ch.from_explore, db.get(Video, "v1").via_explore) == (False, False)
+
+
+def test_a_follow_pulled_in_from_youtube_makes_an_explored_channel_the_catalogs_own(
+    db, make_user, monkeypatch
+):
+    explorer, follower = make_user(), make_user()
+    ch = _channel(db, details_synced_at=datetime.now(timezone.utc))
+    service.explore(db, explorer, ch)
+    db.commit()
+    _video(db, "v1", via_explore=True)
+
+    class _Yt:
+        def __init__(self, session, user):
+            pass
+
+        def __enter__(self):
+            return self
+
+        def __exit__(self, *exc):
+            return False
+
+        def iter_subscriptions(self):
+            yield {"channel_id": "UCc", "title": "UCc", "yt_subscription_id": "sub-UCc"}
+
+        def get_channels(self, ids):
+            return []
+
+    monkeypatch.setattr(sync_subscriptions, "YouTubeClient", _Yt)
+    sync_subscriptions.import_subscriptions(db, follower)
+    db.commit()
+    db.expire_all()
+    # Followed on youtube.com is followed all the same: left flagged, the channel's later videos
+    # came in as an exploration's, hidden from the Library and their watched marks waiting for good.
+    assert (db.get(Channel, "UCc").from_explore, db.get(Video, "v1").via_explore) == (False, False)
+
+
+def test_a_follow_landing_while_an_explored_page_comes_in_leaves_none_of_it_flagged(
+    db, make_user, monkeypatch
+):
+    explorer, follower = make_user(), make_user()
+    ch = _channel(db, uploads_playlist_id="UUc")
+    service.explore(db, explorer, ch)
+    db.commit()
+
+    class _Yt:
+        def get_playlist_items(self, playlist_id, page_token):
+            # Someone subscribes, in a request of their own, while YouTube answers this one.
+            with SessionLocal() as other:
+                service.record_subscription(other, follower, other.get(Channel, "UCc"), "sub-UCc")
+                other.commit()
+            item = {"contentDetails": {"videoId": "v1", "videoPublishedAt": "2026-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}
+            return {"items": [item]}
+
+    monkeypatch.setattr(sync_explore, "_enrich_new", lambda session, yt, ids: 0)
+    sync_explore.explore_ingest_page(db, _Yt(), ch)
+    db.commit()
+    db.expire_all()
+    # The subscribe cleared what was flagged before it; a page that lands after it must not be.
+    assert (db.get(Channel, "UCc").from_explore, db.get(Video, "v1").via_explore) == (False, False)
+
+
 def test_a_block_is_once_and_ends_the_exploration(db, make_user):
     user = make_user()
     ch = _channel(db)

backend/tests/test_discover.py

@@ -1105,10 +1105,16 @@ def test_two_overlapping_reorders_never_share_a_slot(db, as_user):
 
         worker = threading.Thread(target=second_tab)
         worker.start()
-        # Commit A only once B is blocked on a row lock, so B's read is the stale snapshot.
+        # Commit A only once B is blocked on a row lock, so B's read is the stale snapshot. pg_locks is
+        # the whole server's: only a wait in this database is B's (a parallel worker's is not).
         waiting = 0
         for _ in range(200):
-            waiting = probe.scalar(text("SELECT count(*) FROM pg_locks WHERE NOT granted"))
+            waiting = probe.scalar(
+                text(
+                    "SELECT count(*) FROM pg_locks WHERE NOT granted AND pid IN"
+                    " (SELECT pid FROM pg_stat_activity WHERE datname = current_database())"
+                )
+            )
             probe.rollback()
             if waiting:
                 break

backend/tests/test_hls_reaper.py

@@ -83,6 +83,7 @@ class _Proc:
 
 class _Session:
     def __init__(self, tmp_path, name: str, finished: bool, idle_s: float):
+        self.key = name
         self.dir = tmp_path / name
         self.dir.mkdir()
         self.proc = _Proc(finished)

backend/tests/test_hls_teardown.py

@@ -0,0 +1,158 @@
+"""Tearing a session down does not stall everybody else's playback.
+
+Every segment request (`current_session`) and every checkpoint (`touch_session`) takes the one
+registry `_lock`. Stopping a session waits up to 3 s for its ffmpeg to exit and then deletes a whole
+segmented film, ~1200 files — and that used to happen under the same lock, so one viewer's seek, a
+cap cull or a reap pass held up every other viewer's HLS requests for seconds, each one a parked
+threadpool worker and its pooled DB connection.
+
+What still has to be atomic is pinned too: a session directory is reused for the same item, offset
+and tag, so a new session on that path must not start before the old ffmpeg — which writes by path
+— has exited.
+"""
+
+import threading
+import time
+
+import pytest
+
+from app.plex import stream
+
+
+class _SlowProc:
+    """An ffmpeg that takes a while to exit after TERM: `wait` blocks until `exited` is set."""
+
+    def __init__(self, order: list[str], name: str):
+        self.order = order
+        self.name = name
+        self.waiting = threading.Event()
+        self.exited = threading.Event()
+
+    def poll(self):
+        return 0 if self.exited.is_set() else None
+
+    def terminate(self):
+        pass
+
+    def kill(self):
+        self.exited.set()
+
+    def wait(self, timeout=None):
+        self.waiting.set()
+        if not self.exited.wait(timeout):
+            raise stream.subprocess.TimeoutExpired("ffmpeg", timeout)
+        self.order.append(f"{self.name} exited")
+        return 0
+
+
+class _Session:
+    def __init__(self, directory, proc, key: str):
+        self.id = f"sid-{key}"
+        self.key = key
+        self.dir = directory
+        self.proc = proc
+        self.last_access = time.time()
+        self.transcode = False
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def sessions(monkeypatch):
+    live: dict = {}
+    monkeypatch.setattr(stream, "_sessions", live)
+    monkeypatch.setattr(stream, "_dying", {}, raising=False)
+    return live
+
+
+def test_stopping_a_session_does_not_hold_up_another_viewers_requests(tmp_path, sessions):
+    order: list[str] = []
+    slow = _SlowProc(order, "a")
+    d = tmp_path / "1_u1_0_0_+0.00"
+    d.mkdir()
+    (d / "seg_0.ts").write_bytes(b"x")
+    sessions[(1, "a")] = _Session(d, slow, "a")
+    sessions[(2, "b")] = _Session(tmp_path / "2_u2_0_0_+0.00", _SlowProc(order, "b"), "b")
+
+    stopper = threading.Thread(target=stream.stop_session, args=(1, "a", "sid-a"))
+    stopper.start()
+    try:
+        assert slow.waiting.wait(2.0), "the stop never waited for its ffmpeg"
+        got: list = []
+        reader = threading.Thread(target=lambda: got.append(stream.current_session(2, "b")))
+        reader.start()
+        reader.join(1.0)
+        assert not reader.is_alive(), "a segment request waited on another viewer's teardown"
+        assert got and got[0] is sessions[(2, "b")]
+    finally:
+        slow.exited.set()
+        stopper.join(5.0)
+    # The teardown still finishes: the session is gone and nothing of its directory is left behind.
+    assert (1, "a") not in sessions
+    assert sorted(p.name for p in tmp_path.iterdir()) == []
+
+
+def test_a_reap_pass_does_not_hold_up_another_viewers_requests(tmp_path, sessions):
+    order: list[str] = []
+    slow = _SlowProc(order, "a")
+    d = tmp_path / "1_u1_0_0_+0.00"
+    d.mkdir()
+    gone = _Session(d, slow, "a")
+    gone.last_access = time.time() - stream._SESSION_IDLE_S - 5
+    sessions[(1, "a")] = gone
+    sessions[(2, "b")] = _Session(tmp_path / "2_u2_0_0_+0.00", _SlowProc(order, "b"), "b")
+
+    reaper = threading.Thread(target=stream.reap_idle)
+    reaper.start()
+    try:
+        assert slow.waiting.wait(2.0), "the reap never waited for its ffmpeg"
+        toucher = threading.Thread(target=stream.touch_session, args=(2, "b"))
+        toucher.start()
+        toucher.join(1.0)
+        assert not toucher.is_alive(), "a checkpoint waited on another viewer's teardown"
+    finally:
+        slow.exited.set()
+        reaper.join(5.0)
+    assert list(sessions) == [(2, "b")]
+    assert not d.exists()
+
+
+class _FakeItem:
+    rating_key = "12345"
+    file_path = "/media/movie.mkv"
+    playable = "remux"
+    codec_video = "h264"
+
+
+def test_a_new_session_on_a_dying_ones_path_starts_only_after_it_exited(
+    tmp_path, sessions, monkeypatch
+):
+    """The same item at the same second gets the same directory. The old ffmpeg writes by PATH, so
+    while it is still winding down after TERM it can write a segment — or, on a clean exit, a final
+    playlist with ENDLIST — into the NEW session's directory."""
+    order: list[str] = []
+    procs = iter([_SlowProc(order, "old"), _SlowProc(order, "new")])
+
+    def popen(*a, **k):
+        order.append("popen")
+        return next(procs)
+
+    monkeypatch.setattr(stream, "_HLS_ROOT", tmp_path)
+    src = tmp_path / "movie.mkv"
+    src.write_bytes(b"x")
+    monkeypatch.setattr(stream.paths, "local_media_path", lambda db, fp: src)
+    monkeypatch.setattr(stream.sysconfig, "get_int", lambda db, k: 2)
+    monkeypatch.setattr(stream.sysconfig, "get_bool", lambda db, k: False)
+    monkeypatch.setattr(stream.subprocess, "Popen", popen)
+    monkeypatch.setattr(stream, "wait_for", lambda *a, **k: True)
+
+    first = stream.start_session(db=None, user_id=7, item=_FakeItem(), start_s=0.0)
+    assert first is not None
+    stopper = threading.Thread(target=stream.stop_session, args=(7, "12345", first.id))
+    stopper.start()
+    assert first.proc.waiting.wait(2.0)
+    threading.Timer(0.3, first.proc.exited.set).start()
+    second = stream.start_session(db=None, user_id=7, item=_FakeItem(), start_s=0.0)
+    stopper.join(5.0)
+    assert second is not None and second.dir == first.dir
+    assert order.index("old exited") < order.index("popen", 1)
+    assert second.dir.is_dir(), "the old teardown deleted the new session's directory"
+    second.proc.exited.set()

backend/tests/test_me_search_source.py

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 """`/api/me` names the live-search source, so the search button's tooltip can say what a search costs
-under the source that actually runs (the default website source spends no API quota)."""
+under the source that actually runs (the default website source spends no API quota), and says
+whether live search and related videos are on at all."""
 
 from app import sysconfig
 
@@ -24,3 +25,24 @@ def test_me_names_the_running_search_source(client, db, make_user):
     sysconfig.set_value(db, "search_source", "api")
     db.commit()
     assert _me(client)["search_source"] == "api"
+
+
+def test_me_says_whether_live_search_and_related_videos_are_on(client, db, make_user):
+    # A daily limit of 0 turns the feature off; the UI leaves it out instead of offering a refusal.
+    user = make_user(password=_PW)
+    login = client.post("/auth/password-login", json={"email": user.email, "password": _PW})
+    assert login.status_code == 200
+
+    me = _me(client)
+    assert (me["search_enabled"], me["related_enabled"]) == (True, True)
+
+    sysconfig.set_value(db, "search_daily_limit_per_user", 0)
+    db.commit()
+    me = _me(client)
+    assert (me["search_enabled"], me["related_enabled"]) == (False, True)
+
+    sysconfig.set_value(db, "search_daily_limit_per_user", 5)
+    sysconfig.set_value(db, "related_daily_limit_per_user", 0)
+    db.commit()
+    me = _me(client)
+    assert (me["search_enabled"], me["related_enabled"]) == (True, False)

backend/tests/test_migration_0116.py

@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+"""Migration 0116's data step, DB-lane: an explored channel someone already follows becomes the
+catalog's own, and no video stays flagged as an exploration's on a channel that is not one.
+
+The schema half is checked by test_migrations.py; a flag left on is invisible there.
+"""
+
+from alembic import command
+from alembic.config import Config
+from sqlalchemy import text
+
+from app.db import engine
+
+
+def test_followed_explored_channels_and_their_videos_are_the_catalogs_own(db, make_user):
+    follower = make_user().id
+    cfg = Config("alembic.ini")
+    command.downgrade(cfg, "0115_takeout_channels")
+    try:
+        with engine.begin() as conn:
+
+            def channel(cid, explored):
+                conn.execute(
+                    text("INSERT INTO channels (id, from_explore) VALUES (:c, :e)"),
+                    {"c": cid, "e": explored},
+                )
+                conn.execute(
+                    text(
+                        "INSERT INTO videos (id, channel_id, published_at, via_explore)"
+                        " VALUES (:v, :c, now(), true)"
+                    ),
+                    {"v": f"v-{cid}", "c": cid},
+                )
+
+            channel("UCfollowed", True)  # explored, then followed on youtube.com
+            channel("UCexplored", True)  # explored, nobody follows it: stays the exploration's
+            channel("UCorganic", False)  # a video flagged after a subscribe had cleared the channel
+            conn.execute(
+                text("INSERT INTO subscriptions (user_id, channel_id) VALUES (:u, 'UCfollowed')"),
+                {"u": follower},
+            )
+    finally:
+        command.upgrade(cfg, "head")
+
+    with engine.connect() as conn:
+        channels = dict(conn.execute(text("SELECT id, from_explore FROM channels")).tuples().all())
+        videos = dict(
+            conn.execute(text("SELECT channel_id, via_explore FROM videos")).tuples().all()
+        )
+    assert channels == {"UCfollowed": False, "UCexplored": True, "UCorganic": False}
+    assert videos == {"UCfollowed": False, "UCexplored": True, "UCorganic": False}

backend/tests/test_name_taken_detail.py

@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+"""A rename onto a name already taken says WHICH name is taken: the one asked for, not the row's
+old name (the rollback that follows the conflict puts the old name back on the row). DB lane.
+"""
+
+from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
+
+import app.state as state
+from app.auth import current_user
+from app.db import get_db
+from app.main import app
+from app.models import User
+
+
+def _client(db, monkeypatch, override_dep):
+    u = User(email="taken@example.com")
+    db.add(u)
+    db.commit()
+    monkeypatch.setattr(
+        state, "_configured_cache", True
+    )  # the request gate 503s an unconfigured app
+    override_dep(get_db, db.info["request"])
+    override_dep(current_user, lambda: u)
+    return TestClient(app)
+
+
+def test_renaming_a_view_onto_a_taken_name_names_the_taken_one(db, monkeypatch, override_dep):
+    c = _client(db, monkeypatch, override_dep)
+    gaming = c.post("/api/saved-views", json={"name": "gaming", "filters": {}, "source": "feed"})
+    assert gaming.status_code == 200
+    hh = c.post("/api/saved-views", json={"name": "hh", "filters": {}, "source": "feed"}).json()
+
+    r = c.patch(f"/api/saved-views/{hh['id']}", json={"name": "gaming"})
+
+    assert r.status_code == 409
+    assert r.json()["detail"] == {"code": "refused", "reason": "view_name_taken", "name": "gaming"}
+
+
+def test_renaming_a_tag_onto_a_taken_name_names_the_taken_one(db, monkeypatch, override_dep):
+    c = _client(db, monkeypatch, override_dep)
+    assert c.post("/api/tags", json={"name": "music"}).status_code == 200
+    news = c.post("/api/tags", json={"name": "news"}).json()
+
+    r = c.patch(f"/api/tags/{news['id']}", json={"name": "music"})
+
+    assert r.status_code == 409
+    assert r.json()["detail"] == {"code": "refused", "reason": "tag_name_taken", "name": "music"}

backend/tests/test_owner_scoping.py

@@ -75,9 +75,9 @@ def test_trimming_read_notifications_trims_only_mine(db, make_user):
 
 def test_todays_actions_count_only_mine(db, make_user):
     me, other = make_user(), make_user()
-    quota.log_action(me.id, quota.QuotaAction.VIDEOS_SEARCH)
-    quota.log_action(other.id, quota.QuotaAction.VIDEOS_SEARCH)
-    quota.log_action(other.id, quota.QuotaAction.VIDEOS_SEARCH)
+    quota.claim_action(me.id, quota.QuotaAction.VIDEOS_SEARCH, 5)
+    quota.claim_action(other.id, quota.QuotaAction.VIDEOS_SEARCH, 5)
+    quota.claim_action(other.id, quota.QuotaAction.VIDEOS_SEARCH, 5)
     assert quota.actions_today(db, me.id, quota.QuotaAction.VIDEOS_SEARCH) == 1
 
 

backend/tests/test_playlist_sync_claim.py

@@ -89,9 +89,13 @@ def test_a_claim_is_released_when_its_block_raises(db, make_user):
     except RuntimeError:
         pass
     # Asked of pg_locks, not by claiming again: a lock leaked on a pooled connection would be granted
-    # again to that same connection (advisory locks are re-entrant per session).
+    # again to that same connection (advisory locks are re-entrant per session). pg_locks is the whole
+    # server's, so only this database's: a parallel worker's own claim on the same id counted here.
     held = db.scalar(
-        text("SELECT count(*) FROM pg_locks WHERE locktype = 'advisory' AND objid = :id"),
+        text(
+            "SELECT count(*) FROM pg_locks WHERE locktype = 'advisory' AND objid = :id"
+            " AND database = (SELECT oid FROM pg_database WHERE datname = current_database())"
+        ),
         {"id": pl.id},
     )
     assert held == 0

backend/tests/test_plex_finish.py

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ from datetime import datetime, timedelta, timezone
 from sqlalchemy import select
 
 from app.db import SessionLocal
-from app.plex.models import PlexItem, PlexLibrary, PlexState
+from app.plex.models import PlexItem, PlexLibrary, PlexSeason, PlexShow, PlexState
 from app.plex import service as plex_service
 from app.routes.plex import playback
 
@@ -81,3 +81,150 @@ def test_the_finish_supersedes_a_resume_push_still_in_flight(db, as_user, make_u
     )
     assert r.json() == {"ok": True, "status": "watched", "position_seconds": 0}
     assert playback._resume_push_superseded(user.id, item.id, earlier) is True
+
+
+def test_a_checkpoint_sent_before_the_finish_does_not_land_on_the_watched_row(
+    db, as_user, make_user, monkeypatch
+):
+    """The 10 s tick posted at 2699 of 3000 s (not near the end) races the credits auto-skip's
+    "watched". When the mark commits first, the late checkpoint used to write its position onto the
+    watched row and schedule a resume push after the scrobble: Plex showed the item in progress, and
+    a Plex-authoritative pull imported it back."""
+    user = make_user()
+    item = _item(db)
+    monkeypatch.setattr(playback.plex_stream, "touch_session", lambda uid, key: None)
+    client = as_user(user)
+    assert client.post("/api/plex/item/m1/state", json={"status": "watched"}).status_code == 200
+
+    r = client.post(
+        "/api/plex/item/m1/progress", json={"position_seconds": 2699, "duration_seconds": 3000}
+    )
+    assert r.status_code == 200, r.text
+    assert r.json() == {"ok": True, "status": "watched", "position_seconds": 0}
+    db.expire_all()
+    st = db.execute(select(PlexState).where(PlexState.item_id == item.id)).scalars().one()
+    assert (st.status, st.position_seconds) == ("watched", 0)
+
+
+def test_a_rewatch_records_its_position_once_the_finish_is_behind_it(
+    db, as_user, make_user, monkeypatch
+):
+    """The other half: a watched item played again is still checkpointed — only a position arriving
+    right on the heels of the mark is read as that mark's late tick."""
+    user = make_user()
+    item = _item(db)
+    long_ago = datetime.now(timezone.utc) - timedelta(days=3)
+    db.add(PlexState(user_id=user.id, item_id=item.id, status="watched", watched_at=long_ago))
+    db.commit()
+    monkeypatch.setattr(playback.plex_stream, "touch_session", lambda uid, key: None)
+    r = as_user(user).post(
+        "/api/plex/item/m1/progress", json={"position_seconds": 600, "duration_seconds": 3000}
+    )
+    assert r.json() == {"ok": True, "position_seconds": 600}
+    db.expire_all()
+    st = db.execute(select(PlexState).where(PlexState.item_id == item.id)).scalars().one()
+    assert (st.status, st.position_seconds) == ("watched", 600)
+
+
+def test_marking_watched_supersedes_a_resume_push_still_in_flight(
+    db, as_user, make_user, monkeypatch
+):
+    """The same guard the near-end finish has: a resume push scheduled before the mark must not reach
+    Plex after its scrobble."""
+    user = make_user()
+    item = _item(db)
+    earlier = datetime.now(timezone.utc) - timedelta(seconds=5)
+    assert playback._should_push_resume(user.id, item.id, earlier, final=True)
+    r = as_user(user).post("/api/plex/item/m1/state", json={"status": "watched"})
+    assert r.status_code == 200, r.text
+    assert playback._resume_push_superseded(user.id, item.id, earlier) is True
+
+
+def _state(db, user, item):
+    db.expire_all()
+    st = (
+        db.execute(
+            select(PlexState).where(PlexState.user_id == user.id, PlexState.item_id == item.id)
+        )
+        .scalars()
+        .one()
+    )
+    return st.status, st.position_seconds
+
+
+def test_a_mark_committed_after_the_checkpoints_read_still_refuses_it(db, make_user):
+    """The race itself, not its sequential shadow: the route read the row while it was still in
+    progress, and the finish committed from another session before the checkpoint wrote. Only a write
+    conditional on the row as it is NOW refuses that position."""
+    user = make_user()
+    item = _item(db)
+    db.add(PlexState(user_id=user.id, item_id=item.id, status="new", position_seconds=2690))
+    db.commit()
+    now = datetime.now(timezone.utc)
+    read = plex_service.state_row(db, user, item.id)  # what the checkpoint's route read: "new"
+    assert read.status == "new"
+
+    other = SessionLocal()
+    try:
+        assert plex_service.mark_finished(other, user.id, item.id, now) is True
+        other.commit()
+    finally:
+        other.close()
+
+    assert plex_service.checkpoint(db, user, item.id, read, 2699, now, dirty=True) is False
+    db.commit()
+    assert _state(db, user, item) == ("watched", 0)
+
+
+def test_a_tick_seconds_behind_the_mark_is_refused_a_rewatch_a_minute_later_is_not(db, make_user):
+    """A position right behind the mark is that mark's late tick; one a minute later is a rewatch.
+    Literal times on purpose: a window widened to an hour must fail here, not move with it."""
+    user = make_user()
+    item = _item(db)
+    now = datetime.now(timezone.utc)
+    st = PlexState(user_id=user.id, item_id=item.id, status="watched", watched_at=now)
+    db.add(st)
+    db.commit()
+
+    st.watched_at = now - timedelta(seconds=20)
+    db.commit()
+    assert plex_service.checkpoint(db, user, item.id, st, 600, now, dirty=True) is False
+    db.commit()
+    st.watched_at = now - timedelta(seconds=60)
+    db.commit()
+    assert plex_service.checkpoint(db, user, item.id, st, 600, now, dirty=True) is True
+    db.commit()
+    assert _state(db, user, item) == ("watched", 600)
+
+
+def test_marking_a_season_watched_supersedes_its_episodes_resume_pushes(db, as_user, make_user):
+    """The bulk mark has the same guard as one item's: an episode's resume push scheduled before
+    the season was marked must not reach Plex after the scrobble."""
+    user = make_user()
+    lib = PlexLibrary(plex_key="2", title="Shows", kind="show", enabled=True)
+    db.add(lib)
+    db.flush()
+    sh = PlexShow(rating_key="sh1", library_id=lib.id, title="Show")
+    db.add(sh)
+    db.flush()
+    se = PlexSeason(rating_key="se1", show_id=sh.id, season_number=1)
+    db.add(se)
+    db.flush()
+    ep = PlexItem(
+        rating_key="e1",
+        library_id=lib.id,
+        kind="episode",
+        title="E1",
+        show_id=sh.id,
+        season_id=se.id,
+        season_number=1,
+        episode_number=1,
+    )
+    db.add(ep)
+    db.commit()
+    earlier = datetime.now(timezone.utc) - timedelta(seconds=5)
+    assert playback._should_push_resume(user.id, ep.id, earlier, final=True)
+
+    r = as_user(user).post("/api/plex/season/se1/state", json={"watched": True})
+    assert r.json() == {"ok": True, "changed": 1, "watched": True}
+    assert playback._resume_push_superseded(user.id, ep.id, earlier) is True

backend/tests/test_plex_hls_file_route.py

@@ -198,6 +198,31 @@ def test_a_name_the_session_cannot_produce_fails_at_once(client, tmp_path, sessi
     assert elapsed < 2.0, f"waited {elapsed:.1f}s for a playlist this session never writes"
 
 
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    ("name", "audio_langs"),
+    [
+        ("seg_00.ts", None),  # `int()` reads it as segment 0, which needs no predecessor
+        ("seg_007.ts", None),  # …as segment 7, whose predecessor seg_6.ts is on disk
+        ("seg_٧.ts", None),  # an Arabic-Indic 7: `\d` and `int()` both take it
+        ("seg_a0_07.ts", ["hu", "en"]),
+        ("seg_0_00.ts", ["hu", "en"]),
+    ],
+)
+def test_a_segment_name_ffmpeg_never_spells_is_refused(tmp_path, name, audio_langs):
+    """ffmpeg writes `seg_%d.ts`: no padding, ASCII digits. A name that only PARSES to a sequence the
+    session has reached is still a file that will never appear, and saying yes to it parked the
+    request for the full 20 s wait — the parking this guard exists to end."""
+    d = tmp_path / "m1_0_0_+0.00"
+    d.mkdir()
+    for v in plex_stream.session_variants(audio_langs) or (None,):
+        (d / plex_stream.segment_name(6, v)).write_bytes(b"x")
+    sess = _Session("sid-a", d, running=True, audio_langs=audio_langs)
+    assert not plex_stream.artifact_may_arrive(sess, name)
+    # The canonical spelling of the same next segment is still accepted.
+    v = (plex_stream.session_variants(audio_langs) or (None,))[0]
+    assert plex_stream.artifact_may_arrive(sess, plex_stream.segment_name(7, v))
+
+
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("digits", [100, 5000])
 def test_an_absurd_segment_index_is_a_404_not_a_500(client, tmp_path, sessions, digits):
     """`int()` on an unbounded digit run raises ValueError past 4300 digits, and only OSError was
@@ -213,7 +238,7 @@ def test_an_absurd_segment_index_is_a_404_not_a_500(client, tmp_path, sessions,
 def test_a_session_torn_down_during_the_read_is_a_404_not_a_500(
     client, monkeypatch, tmp_path, sessions
 ):
-    """`_kill` rmtrees the whole directory and nothing holds `_lock` across the wait and the read,
+    """Teardown moves the whole directory aside and nothing holds `_lock` across the wait and the read,
     so the file can vanish in between — on every seek-restart, since `loadSession` awaits the new
     session before destroying the old hls instance. The player's recovery is keyed on the 404
     STATUS, so a 500 here skipped the reclaim and ended playback with "couldn't play"."""

backend/tests/test_plex_service.py

@@ -348,7 +348,8 @@ def test_an_early_checkpoint_drops_a_bare_state_and_zeroes_a_marked_one(db, make
     user = make_user()
     lib = _lib(db)
     bare, hid = _movie(db, lib, "bare"), _movie(db, lib, "hid")
-    st = service.checkpoint(db, user, bare.id, None, 120, NOW, dirty=True)
+    assert service.checkpoint(db, user, bare.id, None, 120, NOW, dirty=True)
+    st = queries.state(db, user, bare.id)
     assert (st.position_seconds, st.synced_to_plex) == (120, False)
     _state(db, user, hid, status="hidden", position_seconds=40)
     service.clear_progress(db, queries.state(db, user, bare.id), NOW)
@@ -429,7 +430,8 @@ def test_a_first_write_that_lost_the_race_updates_the_winners_row(db, make_user)
     user = make_user()
     it = _movie(db, _lib(db), "m-race")
     _state(db, user, it, position_seconds=10)  # the request that won, committed
-    st = service.checkpoint(db, user, it.id, None, 42, NOW, dirty=True)  # read "none" before it
+    assert service.checkpoint(db, user, it.id, None, 42, NOW, dirty=True)  # read "none" before it
+    st = queries.state(db, user, it.id)
     assert (st.position_seconds, st.synced_to_plex) == (42, False)
     st = service.set_status(db, user, it.id, None, "hidden")
     assert st.status == "hidden"

backend/tests/test_plex_session_stop.py

@@ -39,6 +39,7 @@ class _Proc:
 class _Session:
     def __init__(self, session_id: str, directory):
         self.id = session_id
+        self.key = "m1"
         self.dir = directory
         self.proc = _Proc()
         self.last_access = time.time()

backend/tests/test_plex_stream.py

@@ -26,6 +26,9 @@ from app.plex.stream import _SESSION_DIR_RE
         "12345_0_2_+0.00",  # current shape, explicit audio_ord
         "12345_842_multi_-1.25",  # multi-audio, negative offset
         "12345_842_multi_+12.50",
+        # a torn-down session's directory, moved aside to be deleted outside the lock — left behind
+        # only if the process died between the rename and the delete
+        "12345_u7_842_multi_+12.50.dead-0123abcd",
     ],
 )
 def test_our_session_directories_are_swept(name):
@@ -47,6 +50,9 @@ def test_our_session_directories_are_swept(name):
         "snapshot_2024_backup_+1.00",  # session-ish tail, but the key isn't a rating_key
         "backup_2024_multi_+0.00",
         ".config",
+        "12345_u7_0_0_+0.00.dead-",  # a tombstone suffix with no id
+        "12345_u7_0_0_+0.00.dead-notours!",
+        "backup_u7_0_0_+0.00.dead-0123abcd",
     ],
 )
 def test_foreign_directories_are_left_alone(name):
@@ -159,7 +165,7 @@ class TestSweepOrphans:
 
 
 class _FakeProc:
-    """Stand-in for the ffmpeg Popen — start_session only stores it (and _kill/reap poll it later)."""
+    """Stand-in for the ffmpeg Popen — start_session only stores it (and teardown/reap poll it later)."""
 
     def poll(self):
         return None
@@ -1052,3 +1058,63 @@ class TestSessionsPerViewer:
             self._start(monkeypatch, user_id=uid)
         assert len(stream._sessions) == 3 and (1, "12345") not in stream._sessions
         assert oldest.proc.killed and not oldest.transcode
+
+
+class TestTeardownFinishes:
+    """A session taken down by a cap or replaced by its own viewer is only renamed aside under the
+    lock; it is deleted after. The rename alone already moves the directory and `terminate()` alone
+    already marks the proc killed — so what is pinned here is the tomb: a whole segmented copy of the
+    film that only a restart's sweep would otherwise reclaim."""
+
+    capturing_env = TestTranscodeStartSession.capturing_env
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _left_behind(root):
+        return sorted(p.name for p in root.iterdir() if stream._TOMB in p.name) + sorted(
+            str(p) for p in stream._dying
+        )
+
+    def test_a_culled_session_is_deleted_not_only_moved_aside(self, capturing_env, monkeypatch):
+        monkeypatch.setattr(stream, "_dying", {})
+        first = TestSessionsPerViewer._start(monkeypatch, user_id=1, rating_key="1")
+        first.last_access -= 60
+        TestSessionsPerViewer._start(monkeypatch, user_id=1, rating_key="2")
+        TestSessionsPerViewer._start(monkeypatch, user_id=1, rating_key="3")
+        assert first.proc.killed and not first.dir.exists()
+        assert self._left_behind(capturing_env) == []
+
+    def test_a_viewers_restart_deletes_the_session_it_replaces(self, capturing_env, monkeypatch):
+        monkeypatch.setattr(stream, "_dying", {})
+        monkeypatch.setattr(
+            stream, "_select_encode", lambda db, item, transcode, src: (False, False)
+        )
+        monkeypatch.setattr(
+            stream, "_probe_first_pts", lambda seg: None
+        )  # no real segment to probe
+        old = stream.start_session(db=None, user_id=1, item=_FakeItem(), start_s=0.0)
+        new = stream.start_session(db=None, user_id=1, item=_FakeItem(), start_s=600.0)
+        assert old.proc.killed and new.dir.exists() and not old.dir.exists()
+        assert self._left_behind(capturing_env) == []
+
+    def test_a_restart_that_fails_to_start_still_deletes_what_it_replaced(
+        self, capturing_env, monkeypatch
+    ):
+        # The new ffmpeg cannot start (a full disk, no ffmpeg, no memory): the old session is already
+        # moved aside, and nothing else in this process would ever delete it.
+        monkeypatch.setattr(stream, "_dying", {})
+        monkeypatch.setattr(
+            stream, "_select_encode", lambda db, item, transcode, src: (False, False)
+        )
+        monkeypatch.setattr(
+            stream, "_probe_first_pts", lambda seg: None
+        )  # no real segment to probe
+        old = stream.start_session(db=None, user_id=1, item=_FakeItem(), start_s=0.0)
+
+        def no_ffmpeg(*args, **kwargs):
+            raise OSError(28, "No space left on device")
+
+        monkeypatch.setattr(stream.subprocess, "Popen", no_ffmpeg)
+        with pytest.raises(OSError):
+            stream.start_session(db=None, user_id=1, item=_FakeItem(), start_s=600.0)
+        assert old.proc.killed and not old.dir.exists()
+        assert self._left_behind(capturing_env) == []

backend/tests/test_quota_ownership.py

@@ -44,15 +44,15 @@ def test_reads_see_separate_session_spend_mid_transaction(db):
     assert after - before == 7
 
 
-def test_log_action_survives_caller_rollback(db):
+def test_a_claimed_slot_survives_caller_rollback(db):
     user = User(email="searcher@example.com")
     db.add(user)
     db.commit()  # a committed user to attribute the (free) action to
     db.add(User(email="pending@example.com"))  # uncommitted caller work
-    quota.log_action(user.id, quota.QuotaAction.VIDEOS_SEARCH)
+    assert quota.claim_action(user.id, quota.QuotaAction.VIDEOS_SEARCH, 5) is not None
     db.rollback()
 
-    # The zero-cost action event survived (per-user daily caps must still count it) ...
+    # The zero-cost claim event survived (per-user daily caps must still count it) ...
     events = db.execute(select(QuotaEvent)).scalars().all()
     assert len(events) == 1
     assert events[0].user_id == user.id

backend/tests/test_related_route.py

@@ -0,0 +1,428 @@
+"""`GET /api/search/related/{video_id}` — a video's related videos, without what the user has seen.
+
+The scrape is replaced by pages the test hands out, and YouTube's videos.list by an offline enrich
+(30-minute videos, so no Shorts probe goes out). What is held: the list leaves out what this user
+watched or hid — here or in their Takeout history, unless taken back to "new" since — blocked
+channels and the video itself; it pages on until it has enough; it lands in the catalog the way
+search finds do; and a failure, or the day's cap, says so instead of answering an empty list."""
+
+import threading
+from datetime import datetime, timedelta, timezone
+
+import pytest
+from sqlalchemy import func, select, text
+
+from app import quota, sysconfig
+from app.catalog.models import BlockedChannel, Channel, Subscription, Video
+from app.models import QuotaEvent
+from app.reader.models import TakeoutItem, TakeoutKind, VideoState, VideoUnmark
+from app.routes import search as search_routes
+from app.youtube.client import YouTubeError
+from app.youtube.innertube import ScrapeError
+
+T0 = datetime(2026, 10, 1, tzinfo=timezone.utc)
+SOURCE = "srcvideo001"
+
+
+def _vid(n: int) -> str:
+    return f"rel{n:08d}"
+
+
+def _item(n: int, channel: str = "UCrelated01") -> dict:
+    return {
+        "id": _vid(n),
+        "channel_id": channel,
+        "channel_title": f"Chan {channel}",
+        "title": f"Related {n}",
+        "published_at": None,
+        "thumbnail_url": None,
+        "live_broadcast": "none",
+    }
+
+
+class _FakeYT:
+    def __init__(self, *_a, **_kw):
+        pass
+
+    def __enter__(self):
+        return self
+
+    def __exit__(self, *exc):
+        return False
+
+    def get_channels(self, ids):
+        return []
+
+    def get_videos(self, ids):
+        return [
+            {
+                "id": i,
+                "snippet": {"title": f"T {i}", "publishedAt": "2025-01-01T00:00:00Z"},
+                "contentDetails": {"duration": "PT30M"},
+                "statistics": {},
+                "status": {},
+            }
+            for i in ids
+        ]
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def pages(monkeypatch, db):
+    """The scrape answers with the pages in `state["pages"]`, one per call, recording each call."""
+    sysconfig.set_value(db, "shorts_probe_max_seconds", 60)
+    state: dict = {"pages": [], "calls": []}
+
+    def related(video_id, continuation=None, *, hl="en", gl="US"):
+        state["calls"].append((video_id, continuation, hl, gl))
+        page = state["pages"].pop(0)
+        if isinstance(page, Exception):
+            raise page
+        return page
+
+    monkeypatch.setattr(search_routes.related_scrape, "related", related)
+    monkeypatch.setattr(search_routes, "YouTubeClient", _FakeYT)
+    return state
+
+
+def _page(items: list[dict], token: str | None = "NEXT") -> dict:
+    return {"items": items, "next_page_token": token}
+
+
+def _ids(resp) -> list[str]:
+    assert resp.status_code == 200, resp.text
+    return [it["id"] for it in resp.json()["items"]]
+
+
+def _known(db, *ns: int, channel: str = "UCrelated01") -> None:
+    """These related videos already in the catalog (a state needs the row)."""
+    if db.get(Channel, channel) is None:
+        db.add(Channel(id=channel, title="Chan"))
+    for n in ns:
+        db.add(Video(id=_vid(n), channel_id=channel, title=f"Related {n}", published_at=T0))
+    db.commit()
+
+
+def test_a_related_list_comes_into_the_catalog_as_search_finds_do(db, make_user, as_user, pages):
+    user = make_user()
+    pages["pages"] = [_page([_item(n) for n in range(1, 21)])]
+    resp = as_user(user).get(f"/api/search/related/{SOURCE}")
+    assert _ids(resp) == [_vid(n) for n in range(1, 21)]
+    assert resp.json()["next_cursor"] == "NEXT" and resp.json()["has_more"] is True
+    video = db.get(Video, _vid(1))
+    # Flagged like a search find: hidden from the shared Library, reclaimed when nobody keeps it.
+    assert video.via_search is True and video.enriched_at is not None
+    assert pages["calls"] == [(SOURCE, None, "en", "US")]
+
+
+def test_what_the_user_watched_or_hid_here_is_left_out(db, make_user, as_user, pages):
+    user = make_user()
+    other = make_user()
+    _known(db, 1, 2, 3, 4)
+    db.add_all(
+        [
+            VideoState(user_id=user.id, video_id=_vid(1), status="watched", watched_at=T0),
+            VideoState(user_id=user.id, video_id=_vid(2), status="hidden"),
+            # In progress is not "seen": it stays, to be finished.
+            VideoState(user_id=user.id, video_id=_vid(3), status="new", position_seconds=120),
+            # Someone else's watch is theirs.
+            VideoState(user_id=other.id, video_id=_vid(4), status="watched", watched_at=T0),
+        ]
+    )
+    db.commit()
+    pages["pages"] = [_page([_item(n) for n in range(1, 6)], token=None)]
+    assert _ids(as_user(user).get(f"/api/search/related/{SOURCE}")) == [_vid(3), _vid(4), _vid(5)]
+
+
+def test_what_the_takeout_history_shows_watched_is_left_out_unless_taken_back(
+    db, make_user, as_user, pages
+):
+    user = make_user()
+    other = make_user()
+    _known(db, 2)
+    db.add_all(
+        [
+            # Not in the catalog at all: the history alone names it.
+            TakeoutItem(user_id=user.id, kind=TakeoutKind.WATCHED, video_id=_vid(1), at=T0),
+            # Watched on YouTube, then taken back to "new" here: it may come again.
+            TakeoutItem(user_id=user.id, kind=TakeoutKind.WATCHED, video_id=_vid(2), at=T0),
+            VideoUnmark(user_id=user.id, video_id=_vid(2), at=T0 + timedelta(days=1)),
+            # Only in Watch later: not watched.
+            TakeoutItem(user_id=user.id, kind=TakeoutKind.WATCH_LATER, video_id=_vid(3), at=T0),
+            # Another user's history.
+            TakeoutItem(user_id=other.id, kind=TakeoutKind.WATCHED, video_id=_vid(4), at=T0),
+        ]
+    )
+    db.commit()
+    pages["pages"] = [_page([_item(n) for n in range(1, 5)], token=None)]
+    assert _ids(as_user(user).get(f"/api/search/related/{SOURCE}")) == [_vid(2), _vid(3), _vid(4)]
+    # Left out before the ingest: what the user has seen is not stored for a list that hides it.
+    assert db.get(Video, _vid(1)) is None
+
+
+def test_an_unmark_older_than_the_history_row_does_not_bring_it_back(db, make_user, as_user, pages):
+    user = make_user()
+    _known(db, 1)
+    db.add_all(
+        [
+            VideoUnmark(user_id=user.id, video_id=_vid(1), at=T0 - timedelta(days=1)),
+            TakeoutItem(user_id=user.id, kind=TakeoutKind.WATCHED, video_id=_vid(1), at=T0),
+        ]
+    )
+    db.commit()
+    pages["pages"] = [_page([_item(1), _item(2)], token=None)]
+    assert _ids(as_user(user).get(f"/api/search/related/{SOURCE}")) == [_vid(2)]
+
+
+def test_another_users_unmark_does_not_bring_it_back(db, make_user, as_user, pages):
+    user = make_user()
+    other = make_user()
+    _known(db, 1)
+    db.add_all(
+        [
+            TakeoutItem(user_id=user.id, kind=TakeoutKind.WATCHED, video_id=_vid(1), at=T0),
+            VideoUnmark(user_id=other.id, video_id=_vid(1), at=T0 + timedelta(days=1)),
+        ]
+    )
+    db.commit()
+    pages["pages"] = [_page([_item(1), _item(2)], token=None)]
+    assert _ids(as_user(user).get(f"/api/search/related/{SOURCE}")) == [_vid(2)]
+
+
+def test_blocked_channels_and_the_video_itself_are_left_out_and_never_stored(
+    db, make_user, as_user, pages
+):
+    user = make_user()
+    db.add(Channel(id="UCblocked01", title="Blocked"))
+    db.commit()
+    db.add(BlockedChannel(user_id=user.id, channel_id="UCblocked01"))
+    db.commit()
+    own = {**_item(9), "id": SOURCE}
+    pages["pages"] = [_page([_item(1), _item(2, "UCblocked01"), own], token=None)]
+    assert _ids(as_user(user).get(f"/api/search/related/{SOURCE}")) == [_vid(1)]
+    assert db.get(Video, _vid(2)) is None
+
+
+def test_it_pages_on_until_enough_unseen_videos_are_gathered(db, make_user, as_user, pages):
+    user = make_user()
+    _known(db, *range(1, 16))
+    for n in range(1, 16):
+        db.add(VideoState(user_id=user.id, video_id=_vid(n), status="watched", watched_at=T0))
+    db.commit()
+    pages["pages"] = [
+        _page([_item(n) for n in range(1, 21)], token="page2"),  # 15 seen, 5 new
+        _page([_item(n) for n in range(21, 41)], token="page3"),  # 20 new: 25 now
+        _page([_item(n) for n in range(41, 61)], token="page4"),  # never asked
+    ]
+    ids = _ids(resp := as_user(user).get(f"/api/search/related/{SOURCE}"))
+    assert ids == [_vid(n) for n in range(16, 41)]
+    assert [c[1] for c in pages["calls"]] == [None, "page2"]
+    assert resp.json()["next_cursor"] == "page3"
+
+
+def test_a_repeat_on_a_later_page_counts_once(db, make_user, as_user, pages):
+    user = make_user()
+    pages["pages"] = [
+        _page([_item(n) for n in range(1, 11)], token="page2"),
+        _page([_item(n) for n in range(5, 25)], token=None),
+    ]
+    assert _ids(as_user(user).get(f"/api/search/related/{SOURCE}")) == [
+        _vid(n) for n in range(1, 25)
+    ]
+
+
+def test_it_reads_at_most_four_pages(db, make_user, as_user, pages):
+    user = make_user()
+    pages["pages"] = [_page([_item(n)], token=f"page{n + 1}") for n in range(1, 7)]
+    ids = _ids(resp := as_user(user).get(f"/api/search/related/{SOURCE}"))
+    assert ids == [_vid(n) for n in range(1, 5)]
+    assert len(pages["calls"]) == 4 and resp.json()["next_cursor"] == "page5"
+
+
+def test_the_cursor_and_the_hungarian_locale_reach_the_scrape(db, make_user, as_user, pages):
+    user = make_user()
+    pages["pages"] = [_page([_item(1)], token=None)]
+    resp = as_user(user).get(f"/api/search/related/{SOURCE}?cursor=C1&region=hu")
+    assert _ids(resp) == [_vid(1)]
+    assert pages["calls"] == [(SOURCE, "C1", "hu", "HU")]
+    assert resp.json()["has_more"] is False
+
+
+def test_an_unknown_region_is_refused(db, make_user, as_user, pages):
+    user = make_user()
+    assert as_user(user).get(f"/api/search/related/{SOURCE}?region=xx").status_code == 422
+    assert pages["calls"] == []
+
+
+def test_a_failed_scrape_says_youtube_is_unavailable(db, make_user, as_user, pages):
+    user = make_user()
+    pages["pages"] = [ScrapeError("blocked")]
+    resp = as_user(user).get(f"/api/search/related/{SOURCE}")
+    assert resp.status_code == 422
+    assert resp.json()["detail"] == {"code": "youtube", "reason": "unavailable"}
+
+
+def test_a_failure_on_a_later_page_keeps_what_came_before(db, make_user, as_user, pages):
+    user = make_user()
+    pages["pages"] = [_page([_item(1), _item(2)], token="page2"), ScrapeError("blocked")]
+    assert _ids(as_user(user).get(f"/api/search/related/{SOURCE}")) == [_vid(1), _vid(2)]
+
+
+def test_one_list_is_one_event_against_the_days_cap(db, make_user, as_user, pages):
+    user = make_user()
+    sysconfig.set_value(db, "related_daily_limit_per_user", 1)
+    pages["pages"] = [
+        _page([_item(1)], token="page2"),
+        _page([_item(2)], token=None),
+    ]
+    client = as_user(user)
+    assert client.get(f"/api/search/related/{SOURCE}").status_code == 200
+    events = db.scalars(
+        select(QuotaEvent).where(
+            QuotaEvent.user_id == user.id, QuotaEvent.action == quota.QuotaAction.VIDEOS_RELATED
+        )
+    ).all()
+    assert len(events) == 1
+    refused = client.get(f"/api/search/related/{SOURCE}")
+    assert refused.status_code == 429
+    assert refused.json()["detail"] == {
+        "code": "refused",
+        "reason": "related_daily_limit",
+        "limit": 1,
+    }
+    assert len(pages["calls"]) == 2  # the refused one asked YouTube nothing
+
+
+def test_reading_further_takes_a_slot_too(db, make_user, as_user, pages):
+    # Each request scrapes and enriches; a cursor is a free string, so one that cost nothing let a
+    # replayed cursor read without end.
+    user = make_user()
+    sysconfig.set_value(db, "related_daily_limit_per_user", 1)
+    pages["pages"] = [_page([_item(1)], token=None), _page([_item(2)], token=None)]
+    client = as_user(user)
+    assert client.get(f"/api/search/related/{SOURCE}").status_code == 200
+    refused = client.get(f"/api/search/related/{SOURCE}?cursor=more")
+    assert refused.status_code == 429
+    assert refused.json()["detail"]["reason"] == "related_daily_limit"
+    assert len(pages["calls"]) == 1
+
+
+def test_a_list_that_failed_gives_its_slot_back(db, make_user, as_user, pages):
+    user = make_user()
+    sysconfig.set_value(db, "related_daily_limit_per_user", 1)
+    pages["pages"] = [ScrapeError("blocked"), _page([_item(1)], token=None)]
+    client = as_user(user)
+    assert client.get(f"/api/search/related/{SOURCE}").status_code == 422
+    assert quota.actions_today(db, user.id, quota.QuotaAction.VIDEOS_RELATED) == 0
+    assert _ids(client.get(f"/api/search/related/{SOURCE}")) == [_vid(1)]
+
+
+def test_failures_past_the_hours_refunds_keep_their_slot(db, make_user, as_user, pages):
+    # A cursor is a free string: a request built to fail would otherwise read YouTube without end.
+    user = make_user()
+    sysconfig.set_value(db, "related_daily_limit_per_user", 50)
+    n = search_routes.REFUNDS_PER_HOUR
+    pages["pages"] = [ScrapeError("bad cursor") for _ in range(n + 1)]
+    client = as_user(user)
+    for _ in range(n + 1):
+        assert client.get(f"/api/search/related/{SOURCE}?cursor=bogus").status_code == 422
+    assert quota.actions_today(db, user.id, quota.QuotaAction.VIDEOS_RELATED) == 1
+
+
+def test_a_zero_limit_turns_related_videos_off(db, make_user, as_user, pages):
+    user = make_user()
+    sysconfig.set_value(db, "related_daily_limit_per_user", 0)
+    resp = as_user(user).get(f"/api/search/related/{SOURCE}")
+    assert resp.status_code == 409
+    assert resp.json()["detail"] == {"code": "refused", "reason": "related_disabled"}
+    assert pages["calls"] == []
+
+
+def test_the_last_slot_is_taken_under_a_lock(db, make_user):
+    # Checked first and logged after seconds of scraping, requests sent together at the last free
+    # slot all passed. The claim waits for one already taking a slot for this user and action.
+    user = make_user()
+    action = quota.QuotaAction.VIDEOS_RELATED
+    db.execute(select(func.pg_advisory_xact_lock(func.hashtext(action), user.id)))
+    got: list[int | None] = []
+    t = threading.Thread(target=lambda: got.append(quota.claim_action(user.id, action, 1)))
+    t.start()
+    t.join(timeout=1)
+    assert t.is_alive()  # it waits for the one holding the lock
+    # ...and counts only once it has the lock: the one holding it takes the last slot meanwhile.
+    db.add(QuotaEvent(user_id=user.id, action=action, units=0))
+    db.commit()
+    t.join(timeout=10)
+    assert got == [None]
+
+
+def _videos_list_fails(monkeypatch, *, on_call: int = 1, reason: str = "quotaExceeded") -> None:
+    """YouTube's videos.list refuses from its `on_call`-th call on."""
+    calls = {"n": 0}
+    real = _FakeYT.get_videos
+
+    def get_videos(self, ids):
+        calls["n"] += 1
+        if calls["n"] >= on_call:
+            raise YouTubeError("videos -> 403", reason=reason, path="videos")
+        return real(self, ids)
+
+    monkeypatch.setattr(_FakeYT, "get_videos", get_videos)
+
+
+def test_a_lookup_that_fails_says_why_not_no_videos(db, make_user, as_user, pages, monkeypatch):
+    # Nothing it found can be kept unenriched; an empty list would read as "nothing related".
+    user = make_user()
+    _videos_list_fails(monkeypatch)
+    pages["pages"] = [_page([_item(1)], token=None)]
+    resp = as_user(user).get(f"/api/search/related/{SOURCE}")
+    assert resp.status_code == 422
+    assert resp.json()["detail"] == {"code": "youtube", "reason": "quota"}
+    assert quota.actions_today(db, user.id, quota.QuotaAction.VIDEOS_RELATED) == 0
+
+
+def test_a_lookup_failing_on_a_later_page_keeps_what_came_before(
+    db, make_user, as_user, pages, monkeypatch
+):
+    user = make_user()
+    _videos_list_fails(monkeypatch, on_call=2)
+    pages["pages"] = [_page([_item(1)], token="page2"), _page([_item(2)], token=None)]
+    assert _ids(as_user(user).get(f"/api/search/related/{SOURCE}")) == [_vid(1)]
+
+
+def test_an_ingest_that_breaks_the_session_is_rolled_back(
+    db, make_user, as_user, pages, monkeypatch
+):
+    # A database error leaves the session unusable until it is rolled back: the rows of the pages
+    # before could not be read for the answer.
+    user = make_user()
+    real = search_routes.catalog_search.ingest_candidates
+    calls = {"n": 0}
+
+    def ingest(db_, yt, user_, candidates):
+        calls["n"] += 1
+        if calls["n"] == 2:
+            db_.execute(text("SELECT 1/0"))
+        return real(db_, yt, user_, candidates)
+
+    monkeypatch.setattr(search_routes.catalog_search, "ingest_candidates", ingest)
+    pages["pages"] = [_page([_item(1)], token="page2"), _page([_item(2)], token=None)]
+    assert _ids(as_user(user).get(f"/api/search/related/{SOURCE}")) == [_vid(1)]
+
+
+def test_each_row_says_whether_the_user_follows_its_channel(db, make_user, as_user, pages):
+    user = make_user()
+    stranger = make_user()
+    _known(db, 1, channel="UCfollowed1")
+    _known(db, 2, channel="UCstranger1")
+    db.add(Subscription(user_id=user.id, channel_id="UCfollowed1"))
+    db.add(Subscription(user_id=stranger.id, channel_id="UCstranger1"))
+    db.commit()
+    pages["pages"] = [
+        _page([_item(1, "UCfollowed1"), _item(2, "UCstranger1"), _item(3, "UCnobody01")], None)
+    ]
+    rows = as_user(user).get(f"/api/search/related/{SOURCE}").json()["items"]
+    assert {r["id"]: r["followed"] for r in rows} == {
+        _vid(1): True,
+        _vid(2): False,  # another user's follow is not this one's
+        _vid(3): False,
+    }

backend/tests/test_related_scrape.py

@@ -0,0 +1,232 @@
+"""youtube/related_scrape — a video's related videos from the InnerTube `next` endpoint.
+
+The two pages under `fixtures/` are real answers (2026-10-24), trimmed to three items and the
+continuation: they hold the `lockupViewModel` shape YouTube draws today. Everything here breaks
+silently when YouTube moves — a parser that stops finding videos, a cursor that stops paging — so a
+shape it does not know must say so, never read as "nothing related". The network is an httpx
+MockTransport."""
+
+import copy
+import json
+from pathlib import Path
+
+import httpx
+import pytest
+
+from app.youtube import innertube, related_scrape
+
+FIXTURES = Path(__file__).parent / "fixtures"
+FIRST = json.loads((FIXTURES / "innertube_next_first.json").read_text(encoding="utf-8"))
+CONTINUATION = json.loads(
+    (FIXTURES / "innertube_next_continuation.json").read_text(encoding="utf-8")
+)
+RESULTS_HTML = (
+    '<script>{"INNERTUBE_API_KEY":"live-key","INNERTUBE_CLIENT_VERSION":"2.20261001"}</script>'
+)
+
+
+def _results(page: dict) -> list:
+    return page["contents"]["twoColumnWatchNextResults"]["secondaryResults"]["secondaryResults"][
+        "results"
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def net(monkeypatch):
+    """Route every httpx.Client the InnerTube module opens through a handler the test sets."""
+    calls: list[httpx.Request] = []
+    state: dict = {"handler": None, "calls": calls}
+
+    def transport(request: httpx.Request) -> httpx.Response:
+        calls.append(request)
+        if request.url.path == "/results":
+            return httpx.Response(200, text=RESULTS_HTML)
+        return state["handler"](request)
+
+    real = httpx.Client
+    monkeypatch.setattr(
+        innertube.httpx,
+        "Client",
+        lambda **kw: real(transport=httpx.MockTransport(transport), **kw),
+    )
+    monkeypatch.setattr(innertube, "_config", None)
+    return state
+
+
+def _answer(net, page, status=200):
+    net["handler"] = lambda request: (
+        httpx.Response(status, text=page)
+        if isinstance(page, str)
+        else httpx.Response(status, json=page)
+    )
+
+
+def test_a_first_page_gives_its_videos_with_their_channel_and_the_next_cursor(net):
+    _answer(net, FIRST)
+    page = related_scrape.related("SdTZAMDKrNY")
+    assert [it["id"] for it in page["items"]] == ["to-lHJfK4pw", "R8V8CbuxryI", "HLKo4fJx_7k"]
+    first = page["items"][0]
+    assert first["channel_id"] == "UCtslD4DGH6PKyG_1gFAX7sg"
+    assert first["channel_title"] == "Alexander Amini"
+    assert first["title"] == "MIT 6.S191 (2025): Reinforcement Learning"
+    assert first["thumbnail_url"].startswith("https://i.ytimg.com/vi/to-lHJfK4pw/")
+    assert first["published_at"] is None and first["live_broadcast"] == "none"
+    assert page["next_page_token"]
+    body = json.loads(net["calls"][-1].content)
+    assert body["videoId"] == "SdTZAMDKrNY" and "continuation" not in body
+    assert net["calls"][-1].url.path == "/youtubei/v1/next"
+
+
+def test_the_largest_thumbnail_is_taken(net):
+    _answer(net, FIRST)
+    item = related_scrape.related("SdTZAMDKrNY")["items"][0]
+    sources = _results(FIRST)[0]["lockupViewModel"]["contentImage"]["thumbnailViewModel"]["image"][
+        "sources"
+    ]
+    assert item["thumbnail_url"] == sources[-1]["url"]
+
+
+def test_a_continuation_page_reads_its_videos_and_sends_only_the_cursor(net):
+    _answer(net, CONTINUATION)
+    page = related_scrape.related("SdTZAMDKrNY", continuation="TOKEN", hl="hu", gl="HU")
+    assert len(page["items"]) == 2
+    assert all(it["channel_id"].startswith("UC") for it in page["items"])
+    assert page["next_page_token"]
+    body = json.loads(net["calls"][-1].content)
+    assert body["continuation"] == "TOKEN" and "videoId" not in body
+    assert body["context"]["client"]["hl"] == "hu" and body["context"]["client"]["gl"] == "HU"
+
+
+def test_the_locale_defaults_to_the_topical_one(net):
+    _answer(net, FIRST)
+    related_scrape.related("SdTZAMDKrNY")
+    client = json.loads(net["calls"][-1].content)["context"]["client"]
+    assert (client["hl"], client["gl"]) == ("en", "US")
+
+
+def test_a_video_by_several_channels_is_left_out(net):
+    page = copy.deepcopy(FIRST)
+    meta = _results(page)[1]["lockupViewModel"]["metadata"]["lockupMetadataViewModel"]
+    meta["image"] = {"avatarStackViewModel": {"avatars": []}}
+    _answer(net, page)
+    ids = [it["id"] for it in related_scrape.related("SdTZAMDKrNY")["items"]]
+    assert ids == ["to-lHJfK4pw", "HLKo4fJx_7k"]
+
+
+def test_what_is_not_a_video_is_left_out_and_a_repeat_counts_once(net):
+    page = copy.deepcopy(FIRST)
+    results = _results(page)
+    playlist = copy.deepcopy(results[0])
+    playlist["lockupViewModel"]["contentType"] = "LOCKUP_CONTENT_TYPE_PLAYLIST"
+    playlist["lockupViewModel"]["contentId"] = "PLxyz"
+    results.insert(0, playlist)
+    results.insert(2, copy.deepcopy(results[1]))
+    results.insert(0, {"adSlotRenderer": {}})
+    _answer(net, page)
+    ids = [it["id"] for it in related_scrape.related("SdTZAMDKrNY")["items"]]
+    assert ids == ["to-lHJfK4pw", "R8V8CbuxryI", "HLKo4fJx_7k"]
+
+
+def test_the_previous_compact_renderer_is_still_read(net):
+    page = copy.deepcopy(FIRST)
+    _results(page).insert(
+        0,
+        {
+            "compactVideoRenderer": {
+                "videoId": "oldshape001",
+                "title": {"simpleText": "Old shape"},
+                "longBylineText": {
+                    "runs": [
+                        {
+                            "text": "Old Chan",
+                            "navigationEndpoint": {"browseEndpoint": {"browseId": "UColdchan"}},
+                        }
+                    ]
+                },
+                "thumbnail": {"thumbnails": [{"url": "s.jpg"}, {"url": "b.jpg"}]},
+            }
+        },
+    )
+    _answer(net, page)
+    first = related_scrape.related("SdTZAMDKrNY")["items"][0]
+    assert first == {
+        "id": "oldshape001",
+        "channel_id": "UColdchan",
+        "channel_title": "Old Chan",
+        "title": "Old shape",
+        "published_at": None,
+        "thumbnail_url": "b.jpg",
+        "live_broadcast": "none",
+    }
+
+
+def test_the_last_page_has_no_cursor(net):
+    page = copy.deepcopy(FIRST)
+    _results(page).pop()  # the continuationItemRenderer
+    _answer(net, page)
+    assert related_scrape.related("SdTZAMDKrNY")["next_page_token"] is None
+
+
+def test_a_video_youtube_no_longer_has_is_an_empty_page(net):
+    _answer(
+        net,
+        {
+            "contents": {
+                "twoColumnWatchNextResults": {
+                    "results": {
+                        "results": {
+                            "contents": [
+                                {
+                                    "itemSectionRenderer": {
+                                        "contents": [{"backgroundPromoRenderer": {}}]
+                                    }
+                                }
+                            ]
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        },
+    )
+    assert related_scrape.related("aaaaaaaaaaa") == {"items": [], "next_page_token": None}
+
+
+def test_a_watch_frame_with_no_related_column_and_no_word_why_is_an_error(net):
+    # The frame alone, its related column moved somewhere this does not look: a lost shape, not
+    # "nothing related".
+    page = copy.deepcopy(FIRST)
+    watch = page["contents"]["twoColumnWatchNextResults"]
+    watch["sideColumn"] = watch.pop("secondaryResults")
+    _answer(net, page)
+    with pytest.raises(related_scrape.ScrapeError):
+        related_scrape.related("SdTZAMDKrNY")
+
+
+def test_a_related_list_drawn_by_renderers_this_does_not_read_is_an_error(net):
+    page = copy.deepcopy(FIRST)
+    results = _results(page)
+    results[:] = [{"videoTileViewModel": entry} for entry in results]
+    _answer(net, page)
+    with pytest.raises(related_scrape.ScrapeError):
+        related_scrape.related("SdTZAMDKrNY")
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "answer",
+    [
+        {"responseContext": {}},  # no watch page frame at all
+        {"onResponseReceivedEndpoints": [{"somethingElse": {}}]},  # a continuation we do not know
+        "<html>consent</html>",  # not JSON
+        [1, 2],  # JSON, not an object
+    ],
+)
+def test_an_answer_of_an_unknown_shape_is_an_error_not_an_empty_list(net, answer):
+    _answer(net, answer)
+    with pytest.raises(related_scrape.ScrapeError):
+        related_scrape.related("SdTZAMDKrNY")
+
+
+def test_a_refused_request_is_an_error_whatever_its_body_says(net):
+    _answer(net, FIRST, status=429)
+    with pytest.raises(related_scrape.ScrapeError):
+        related_scrape.related("SdTZAMDKrNY")

backend/tests/test_route_commits.py

@@ -291,6 +291,23 @@ def test_search_results_cleared_through_the_route_are_gone(db, make_user, as_use
     assert db.execute(select(SearchFind)).first() is None
 
 
+def test_clearing_leaves_a_video_the_caller_never_found(db, make_user, as_user):
+    # A related list ingests its rows with no find: they are in someone's list right now, and an id
+    # any user could name must not delete them from under it.
+    user = make_user()
+    _video(db, "s1", via_search=True)
+    _video(db, "s2", via_search=True)
+    db.add(SearchFind(user_id=user.id, video_id="s1"))
+    db.commit()
+    r = as_user(user).post("/api/search/clear", json={"video_ids": ["s1", "s2"]})
+    assert r.json() == {"ok": True, "removed": 1}
+    db.expire_all()
+    assert db.get(Video, "s1") is None and db.get(Video, "s2") is not None
+    # Naming only ids it never found removes nothing.
+    r = as_user(user).post("/api/search/clear", json={"video_ids": ["s2"]})
+    assert r.json() == {"ok": True, "removed": 0}
+
+
 # --- Plex show and season marks ---------------------------------------------------------------
 
 

backend/tests/test_scheduler.py

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ through (at the top of _job): holding _activity_lock across the check-and-set me
 caller can hold a job's "running" claim at a time, and it's claimable again once released."""
 
 import logging
+import threading
 import time
 from datetime import datetime, timedelta, timezone
 
@@ -342,6 +343,29 @@ def test_an_ad_hoc_run_is_the_users_run_of_its_target_with_its_spend_and_failure
     assert (failed.status, failed.error) == ("error", "quota exceeded")
 
 
+def _ad_hoc_row(db, job: str) -> dict:
+    rows = scheduler.scheduler_snapshot(db)["ad_hoc"]
+    assert [r["id"] for r in rows] == list(scheduler.AD_HOC_JOBS)  # every one has its row
+    return next(r for r in rows if r["id"] == job)
+
+
+def test_a_takeout_import_has_its_row_named_by_the_importing_user(db, make_user):
+    user = make_user("importer@example.com")
+    user.display_name = "Ida Importer"
+    db.commit()
+    assert _ad_hoc_row(db, "takeout_import")["recent"] == []
+    scheduler._ad_hoc("takeout_import", lambda: {"watched": 2}, user.id, f"user:{user.id}")
+
+    row = _ad_hoc_row(db, "takeout_import")
+    assert (row["running"], row["target"], row["target_title"], row["status"]) == (
+        False,
+        f"user:{user.id}",
+        "Ida Importer",
+        "ok",
+    )
+    assert _ad_hoc_row(db, "channel_backfill")["recent"] == []
+
+
 def test_the_page_shows_the_ad_hoc_runs_beside_the_jobs_with_their_channel(db, make_user):
     user = make_user("shown@example.com")
     db.add(Channel(id="UC_shown", title="BBC Earth"))
@@ -349,7 +373,7 @@ def test_the_page_shows_the_ad_hoc_runs_beside_the_jobs_with_their_channel(db, m
     scheduler._ad_hoc("channel_backfill", lambda: {"skipped": "at capacity"}, user.id, "UC_none")
     scheduler._ad_hoc("channel_backfill", lambda: {"videos_added": 69}, user.id, "UC_shown")
 
-    (row,) = scheduler.scheduler_snapshot(db)["ad_hoc"]
+    row = _ad_hoc_row(db, "channel_backfill")
     assert (row["id"], row["running"], row["target"], row["target_title"]) == (
         "channel_backfill",
         False,
@@ -367,12 +391,12 @@ def test_the_page_shows_the_ad_hoc_runs_beside_the_jobs_with_their_channel(db, m
     seen = []
     scheduler._ad_hoc(
         "channel_backfill",
-        lambda: seen.append(scheduler.scheduler_snapshot(db)["ad_hoc"][0]["running"]) or {},
+        lambda: seen.append(_ad_hoc_row(db, "channel_backfill")["running"]) or {},
         user.id,
         "UC_shown",
     )
     assert seen == [True]
-    assert scheduler.scheduler_snapshot(db)["ad_hoc"][0]["running"] is False
+    assert _ad_hoc_row(db, "channel_backfill")["running"] is False
 
 
 def _finished(db, job) -> list[JobRun]:
@@ -397,9 +421,46 @@ def test_a_second_ad_hoc_request_before_the_first_starts_is_that_same_run(
         "channel_backfill@UC_x",
         "channel_backfill@UC_y",
     ]
+    # Queued, so its target's newest run row is not this run's yet: a page watching it can tell.
+    assert scheduler.ad_hoc_queued(scheduler.CHANNEL_BACKFILL, "UC_x")
+    assert not scheduler.ad_hoc_queued(scheduler.CHANNEL_BACKFILL, "UC_z")
     live_scheduler.remove_all_jobs()  # never run: a run finishing after the test would land in the next
 
 
+def test_a_request_made_while_its_run_is_under_way_is_the_run_after_it(
+    db, make_user, live_scheduler
+):
+    """The scheduler drops a second fire of an id whose run has not returned: the second Takeout file
+    of a pair, uploaded while the first one's import ran, was never imported, and its key stayed
+    queued until a restart (the page spun on "Processing…" for good)."""
+    user = make_user("again@example.com")
+    first_runs, release = threading.Event(), threading.Event()
+    calls = []
+
+    def first():
+        first_runs.set()
+        assert release.wait(10)
+        calls.append("first")
+        return {"n": 1}
+
+    def second():
+        calls.append("second")
+        return {"n": 2}
+
+    scheduler.run_ad_hoc(scheduler.CHANNEL_BACKFILL, first, actor_id=user.id, target="UC_again")
+    assert first_runs.wait(10)
+    scheduler.run_ad_hoc(scheduler.CHANNEL_BACKFILL, second, actor_id=user.id, target="UC_again")
+    assert scheduler.ad_hoc_queued(scheduler.CHANNEL_BACKFILL, "UC_again")
+    release.set()
+
+    deadline = time.monotonic() + 10
+    while time.monotonic() < deadline and len(_finished(db, "channel_backfill")) < 2:
+        time.sleep(0.05)
+    assert calls == ["first", "second"]
+    assert sorted(r.result["n"] for r in _finished(db, "channel_backfill")) == [1, 2]
+    assert not scheduler.ad_hoc_queued(scheduler.CHANNEL_BACKFILL, "UC_again")
+
+
 def test_a_manual_run_leaves_no_actor_behind_on_its_thread(db, make_user):
     """The scheduler's pool threads are reused: an actor a manual run left set made the next
     scheduled run on that thread an admin's "manual" run, with a notice in their inbox."""
@@ -475,7 +536,7 @@ def test_a_run_whose_outcome_cannot_be_written_is_not_called_failed(db, make_use
     scheduler._ad_hoc("channel_backfill", lambda: {"videos_added": 1}, user.id, "UC_blip")
     assert calls == ["ok"]
     # Its row is still `running`, but nothing here is: the page does not call it going.
-    (row,) = scheduler.scheduler_snapshot(db)["ad_hoc"]
+    row = _ad_hoc_row(db, "channel_backfill")
     assert (row["running"], row["status"], row["recent"][0]["status"]) == (
         False,
         "interrupted",
@@ -529,7 +590,7 @@ def test_an_ad_hoc_run_still_going_shows_although_a_newer_one_ended(db, make_use
         return {}
 
     scheduler._ad_hoc("channel_backfill", long_one, user.id, "UC_long")
-    (row,) = rows
+    (row,) = [r for r in rows if r["id"] == "channel_backfill"]
     assert (row["running"], row["target"], row["target_title"]) == (True, "UC_long", "Long one")
     # The outcome beside it is the long one's (none yet), never the short one's skip.
     assert (row["status"], row["result"], row["last_error"]) == (None, None, None)

backend/tests/test_search_cap.py

@@ -0,0 +1,361 @@
+"""`GET /api/search/youtube` — the per-user daily cap of the live search, both sources.
+
+The scrape and search.list are replaced by pages the test hands out, and YouTube's videos.list by an
+offline enrich. What is held: every request takes a slot, a cursor's too; a search that failed
+outright gives its slot back; a zero limit turns live search off, which says so instead of "try
+again tomorrow"; a lookup that fails says why instead of answering "no results"; only a few
+failures an hour get their slot back; and the API source — 100 units a page — reads one page per
+request, is refused before the call when the shared budget cannot pay for it (checked again under
+one lock with the call, whose wait is bounded), counts one slot per search though search.list logs
+its own event, and keeps the slot of a search search.list was already paid for — but not of one
+that never reached YouTube."""
+
+import threading
+
+import pytest
+
+from app import quota, sysconfig
+from app.routes import search as search_routes
+from app.youtube.client import YouTubeError
+from app.youtube.innertube import ScrapeError
+
+ACTION = quota.QuotaAction.VIDEOS_SEARCH
+
+
+def _item(n: int) -> dict:
+    return {
+        "id": f"srch{n:07d}",
+        "channel_id": "UCsearch001",
+        "channel_title": "Chan",
+        "title": f"Found {n}",
+        "published_at": None,
+        "thumbnail_url": None,
+        "live_broadcast": "none",
+    }
+
+
+class _FakeYT:
+    fail_videos = False
+
+    def __init__(self, *_a, **_kw):
+        self.spent = 0
+
+    def __enter__(self):
+        return self
+
+    def __exit__(self, *exc):
+        return False
+
+    def get_channels(self, ids):
+        return []
+
+    # search.list: the pages the test hands out, each logged as the real client does (100 units,
+    # under the action the route attributes it to) — a refusal YouTube answered too, but not a
+    # failure no endpoint answered (no connection, no token).
+    api_pages: list = []
+    api_calls = 0
+
+    def search_videos(self, q, page_token=None, order="relevance"):
+        _FakeYT.api_calls += 1
+        page = _FakeYT.api_pages.pop(0)
+        if not (isinstance(page, YouTubeError) and not page.path):
+            quota.record_usage(100)
+            self.spent += 100
+        if isinstance(page, Exception):
+            raise page
+        return page
+
+    def get_videos(self, ids):
+        if _FakeYT.fail_videos:
+            raise YouTubeError("videos -> 403", reason="quotaExceeded", path="videos")
+        return [
+            {
+                "id": i,
+                "snippet": {"title": f"T {i}", "publishedAt": "2025-01-01T00:00:00Z"},
+                "contentDetails": {"duration": "PT30M"},
+                "statistics": {},
+                "status": {},
+            }
+            for i in ids
+        ]
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def pages(monkeypatch, db):
+    """The scrape answers with the pages in `state["pages"]`, one per call."""
+    sysconfig.set_value(db, "shorts_probe_max_seconds", 60)
+    sysconfig.set_value(db, "search_source", "scrape")
+    state: dict = {"pages": [], "calls": 0}
+
+    def search(term, continuation=None):
+        state["calls"] += 1
+        page = state["pages"].pop(0)
+        if isinstance(page, Exception):
+            raise page
+        return page
+
+    monkeypatch.setattr(search_routes.search_scrape, "search", search)
+    monkeypatch.setattr(search_routes, "YouTubeClient", _FakeYT)
+    monkeypatch.setattr(_FakeYT, "fail_videos", False)
+    monkeypatch.setattr(_FakeYT, "api_pages", [])
+    monkeypatch.setattr(_FakeYT, "api_calls", 0)
+    return state
+
+
+def _page(n: int) -> dict:
+    return {"items": [_item(n)], "next_page_token": None}
+
+
+def test_every_request_takes_a_slot_a_cursors_too(db, make_user, as_user, pages):
+    user = make_user()
+    sysconfig.set_value(db, "search_daily_limit_per_user", 1)
+    pages["pages"] = [_page(1), _page(2)]
+    client = as_user(user)
+    assert client.get("/api/search/youtube?q=cats").status_code == 200
+    refused = client.get("/api/search/youtube?q=cats&cursor=more")
+    assert refused.status_code == 429
+    assert refused.json()["detail"]["reason"] == "search_daily_limit"
+    assert pages["calls"] == 1
+
+
+def test_a_search_that_failed_gives_its_slot_back(db, make_user, as_user, pages):
+    user = make_user()
+    sysconfig.set_value(db, "search_daily_limit_per_user", 1)
+    pages["pages"] = [ScrapeError("blocked"), _page(1)]
+    client = as_user(user)
+    assert client.get("/api/search/youtube?q=cats").status_code == 422
+    assert quota.actions_today(db, user.id, ACTION) == 0
+    assert client.get("/api/search/youtube?q=cats").status_code == 200
+    assert quota.actions_today(db, user.id, ACTION) == 1
+
+
+def test_a_zero_limit_turns_live_search_off(db, make_user, as_user, pages):
+    user = make_user()
+    sysconfig.set_value(db, "search_daily_limit_per_user", 0)
+    resp = as_user(user).get("/api/search/youtube?q=cats")
+    assert resp.status_code == 409
+    assert resp.json()["detail"] == {"code": "refused", "reason": "search_disabled"}
+    assert pages["calls"] == 0
+
+
+def test_a_zero_limit_turns_the_api_source_off_too(db, make_user, as_user, pages):
+    user = make_user()
+    sysconfig.set_value(db, "search_source", "api")
+    sysconfig.set_value(db, "search_daily_limit_per_user", 0)
+    resp = as_user(user).get("/api/search/youtube?q=cats")
+    assert resp.status_code == 409
+    assert resp.json()["detail"]["reason"] == "search_disabled"
+
+
+def test_a_lookup_that_fails_says_why_not_no_results(db, make_user, as_user, pages, monkeypatch):
+    user = make_user()
+    monkeypatch.setattr(_FakeYT, "fail_videos", True)
+    pages["pages"] = [_page(1)]
+    resp = as_user(user).get("/api/search/youtube?q=cats")
+    assert resp.status_code == 422
+    assert resp.json()["detail"] == {"code": "youtube", "reason": "quota"}
+    assert quota.actions_today(db, user.id, ACTION) == 0
+
+
+def _api(db) -> None:
+    sysconfig.set_value(db, "search_source", "api")
+    sysconfig.set_value(db, "quota_daily_budget", 10000)
+
+
+def test_the_api_source_reads_one_page_per_request(db, make_user, as_user, pages):
+    # Each page is 100 units: a short page is answered as it is, with its cursor, never paged on.
+    _api(db)
+    _FakeYT.api_pages = [{"items": [_item(1)], "next_page_token": "nextpage"}, _page(2)]
+    resp = as_user(make_user()).get("/api/search/youtube?q=cats&limit=20")
+    assert resp.status_code == 200
+    assert _FakeYT.api_calls == 1
+    assert resp.json()["next_cursor"] == "nextpage"
+
+
+def test_the_api_source_counts_one_slot_per_search(db, make_user, as_user, pages):
+    # search.list logs its own event under the action (record_usage): accounting, not a second slot.
+    user = make_user()
+    _api(db)
+    sysconfig.set_value(db, "search_daily_limit_per_user", 2)
+    _FakeYT.api_pages = [_page(1), _page(2), _page(3)]
+    client = as_user(user)
+    assert client.get("/api/search/youtube?q=cats").status_code == 200
+    assert quota.actions_today(db, user.id, ACTION) == 1
+    assert client.get("/api/search/youtube?q=dogs").status_code == 200
+    refused = client.get("/api/search/youtube?q=birds")
+    assert refused.status_code == 429
+    assert refused.json()["detail"]["reason"] == "search_daily_limit"
+    assert _FakeYT.api_calls == 2
+
+
+def test_the_api_source_takes_its_slot_under_the_lock(db, make_user, as_user, pages, monkeypatch):
+    user = make_user()
+    _api(db)
+    claimed: list = []
+    real = quota.claim_action
+
+    def claim(uid, action, limit):
+        claimed.append(action)
+        return real(uid, action, limit)
+
+    monkeypatch.setattr(search_routes.quota, "claim_action", claim)
+    _FakeYT.api_pages = [_page(1)]
+    assert as_user(user).get("/api/search/youtube?q=cats").status_code == 200
+    assert claimed == [ACTION]
+
+
+def test_the_api_source_is_refused_before_the_call_when_the_budget_cannot_pay(
+    db, make_user, as_user, pages
+):
+    user = make_user()
+    _api(db)
+    sysconfig.set_value(db, "quota_daily_budget", 50)
+    _FakeYT.api_pages = [_page(1)]
+    resp = as_user(user).get("/api/search/youtube?q=cats")
+    assert resp.status_code == 429
+    assert resp.json()["detail"]["reason"] == "quota_spent"
+    assert _FakeYT.api_calls == 0
+    assert quota.actions_today(db, user.id, ACTION) == 0
+
+
+def test_an_api_search_that_search_list_refused_keeps_its_slot(db, make_user, as_user, pages):
+    # YouTube charges a refused call too (the client records the units first), so a search that
+    # reached search.list has spent the shared budget: refunding it let a bogus cursor spend it all.
+    user = make_user()
+    _api(db)
+    sysconfig.set_value(db, "search_daily_limit_per_user", 1)
+    _FakeYT.api_pages = [
+        YouTubeError("search -> 400", reason="invalidPageToken", path="search"),
+        _page(1),
+    ]
+    client = as_user(user)
+    assert client.get("/api/search/youtube?q=cats&cursor=bogus").status_code == 422
+    assert quota.actions_today(db, user.id, ACTION) == 1
+    refused = client.get("/api/search/youtube?q=cats")
+    assert refused.status_code == 429
+    assert refused.json()["detail"]["reason"] == "search_daily_limit"
+    assert _FakeYT.api_calls == 1
+
+
+def test_an_api_search_the_budget_refused_at_the_call_gives_its_slot_back(
+    db, make_user, as_user, pages, monkeypatch
+):
+    user = make_user()
+    _api(db)
+    answers = iter([True, False])  # the pre-check passes; the budget is gone by the call
+    monkeypatch.setattr(search_routes.quota, "can_spend", lambda _db, _u: next(answers))
+    _FakeYT.api_pages = [_page(1)]
+    resp = as_user(user).get("/api/search/youtube?q=cats")
+    assert resp.status_code == 429
+    assert resp.json()["detail"]["reason"] == "quota_spent"
+    assert _FakeYT.api_calls == 0
+    assert quota.actions_today(db, user.id, ACTION) == 0
+
+
+def test_the_budget_check_and_the_call_it_pays_for_hold_one_lock(
+    db, make_user, as_user, pages, monkeypatch
+):
+    # Checked apart, searches sent together at the last 100 units all passed, and all spent: the
+    # check and the call sit inside ONE hold of the lock, not two.
+    user = make_user()
+    _api(db)
+    events: list[str] = []
+    real_check = quota.can_spend
+    real_call = _FakeYT.search_videos
+
+    class _Recorded:
+        def __init__(self):
+            self._lock = threading.Lock()
+
+        def acquire(self, timeout=-1):
+            events.append("acquire")
+            return self._lock.acquire(timeout=timeout)
+
+        def release(self):
+            events.append("release")
+            self._lock.release()
+
+    def can_spend(db_, units):
+        events.append("check")
+        return real_check(db_, units)
+
+    def search_videos(self, q, page_token=None, order="relevance"):
+        events.append("call")
+        return real_call(self, q, page_token=page_token, order=order)
+
+    monkeypatch.setattr(search_routes, "_api_search", _Recorded())
+    monkeypatch.setattr(search_routes.quota, "can_spend", can_spend)
+    monkeypatch.setattr(_FakeYT, "search_videos", search_videos)
+    _FakeYT.api_pages = [_page(1)]
+    assert as_user(user).get("/api/search/youtube?q=cats").status_code == 200
+    assert events == ["check", "acquire", "check", "call", "release"]
+
+
+def test_a_search_kept_waiting_for_the_lock_is_refused_as_busy_and_keeps_nothing(
+    db, make_user, as_user, pages, monkeypatch
+):
+    # Each waiter holds a request worker: a slow YouTube must not park them all behind one another.
+    user = make_user()
+    _api(db)
+    monkeypatch.setattr(search_routes, "API_SEARCH_WAIT_SECONDS", 0.05)
+    _FakeYT.api_pages = [_page(1)]
+    # Held by another search for a while: a wait without its bound would get it, and be answered.
+    assert search_routes._api_search.acquire(timeout=1)
+    later = threading.Timer(2.0, search_routes._api_search.release)
+    later.start()
+    try:
+        resp = as_user(user).get("/api/search/youtube?q=cats")
+    finally:
+        later.join()
+    assert resp.status_code == 429
+    assert resp.json()["detail"]["reason"] == "search_busy"
+    assert _FakeYT.api_calls == 0
+    assert quota.actions_today(db, user.id, ACTION) == 0
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "failure",
+    [
+        YouTubeError("YouTube API unreachable (ConnectError)", reason="transport"),
+        YouTubeError("User has no stored OAuth token"),
+    ],
+    ids=["no-connection", "no-token"],
+)
+def test_an_api_search_that_never_reached_youtube_gives_its_slot_back(
+    db, make_user, as_user, pages, failure
+):
+    user = make_user()
+    _api(db)
+    sysconfig.set_value(db, "search_daily_limit_per_user", 1)
+    _FakeYT.api_pages = [failure, _page(1)]
+    client = as_user(user)
+    assert client.get("/api/search/youtube?q=cats").status_code == 422
+    assert quota.actions_today(db, user.id, ACTION) == 0
+    assert client.get("/api/search/youtube?q=cats").status_code == 200
+
+
+def test_an_api_search_whose_answer_never_came_keeps_its_slot(db, make_user, as_user, pages):
+    # The request went out (a read timeout): YouTube may have counted it.
+    user = make_user()
+    _api(db)
+    sysconfig.set_value(db, "search_daily_limit_per_user", 1)
+    _FakeYT.api_pages = [
+        YouTubeError("YouTube API unreachable (ReadTimeout)", reason="transport", sent=True),
+        _page(1),
+    ]
+    client = as_user(user)
+    assert client.get("/api/search/youtube?q=cats").status_code == 422
+    assert quota.actions_today(db, user.id, ACTION) == 1
+    assert client.get("/api/search/youtube?q=cats").status_code == 429
+
+
+def test_failures_past_the_hours_refunds_keep_their_slot(db, make_user, as_user, pages):
+    # A cursor is a free string: a request built to fail would otherwise read YouTube without end.
+    user = make_user()
+    sysconfig.set_value(db, "search_daily_limit_per_user", 50)
+    n = search_routes.REFUNDS_PER_HOUR
+    pages["pages"] = [ScrapeError("bad cursor") for _ in range(n + 1)]
+    client = as_user(user)
+    for _ in range(n + 1):
+        assert client.get("/api/search/youtube?q=cats&cursor=bogus").status_code == 422
+    assert quota.actions_today(db, user.id, ACTION) == 1

backend/tests/test_search_scrape.py

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ import json
 import httpx
 import pytest
 
-from app.youtube import search_scrape
+from app.youtube import innertube, search_scrape
 
 RESULTS_HTML = (
     '<script>{"INNERTUBE_API_KEY":"live-key","INNERTUBE_CLIENT_VERSION":"2.20261001"}</script>'
@@ -79,11 +79,11 @@ def net(monkeypatch):
 
     real = httpx.Client
     monkeypatch.setattr(
-        search_scrape.httpx,
+        innertube.httpx,
         "Client",
         lambda **kw: real(transport=httpx.MockTransport(transport), **kw),
     )
-    monkeypatch.setattr(search_scrape, "_config", None)
+    monkeypatch.setattr(innertube, "_config", None)
     state["calls"] = calls
     return state
 
@@ -171,7 +171,7 @@ def test_a_failed_key_fetch_falls_back_for_now_and_tries_again_next_time(net, re
     with no error anywhere."""
     net["handler"] = _serve(results_html=results_html)
     search_scrape.search("a")
-    assert net["calls"][-1].url.params["key"] == search_scrape._FALLBACK_KEY
+    assert net["calls"][-1].url.params["key"] == innertube._FALLBACK_KEY
 
     net["handler"] = _serve()
     search_scrape.search("b")

backend/tests/test_search_scrape_ingest.py

@@ -13,10 +13,13 @@ a placeholder never becomes the video's permanent date.
 
 from datetime import datetime, timezone
 
+import pytest
+
 from app import sysconfig
 from app.models import User
 from app.catalog.models import Video
 from app.catalog.search import ingest_candidates
+from app.youtube.client import YouTubeError
 
 
 class _FakeYT:
@@ -97,6 +100,25 @@ def test_scrape_ingest_enrich_miss_keeps_nonnull_placeholder(db):
     assert c.enriched_at is None
 
 
+class _FailingYT(_FakeYT):
+    def get_videos(self, ids):
+        raise YouTubeError("videos -> 403", reason="quotaExceeded", path="videos")
+
+
+def test_a_videos_list_failure_raises_and_keeps_the_stubs(db):
+    # Swallowed, it answered as a page with nothing on it — "no results" for a search whose lookup
+    # never ran. The stubs stay: the FK targets, backfilled later.
+    user = User(email="searcher3@example.com")
+    db.add(user)
+    db.commit()
+
+    with pytest.raises(YouTubeError):
+        ingest_candidates(db, _FailingYT({}), user, [_candidate("vid_ddddddd", "UC_chan_d")])
+
+    db.rollback()  # what the caller does: the stubs were committed before the lookup
+    assert db.get(Video, "vid_ddddddd") is not None
+
+
 def test_search_youtube_route_returns_422_when_ingest_fails(db, monkeypatch, override_dep):
     # Route-level guard (B-core-1): an ingest failure with nothing yet collected must surface as a 422
     # + message on this JSON endpoint (the FE hides 5xx behind a generic "connection lost" + auto-retry,

backend/tests/test_unit_fences.py

@@ -44,6 +44,9 @@ UNIT_MODELS = {
         "PlaylistItem",
         "SavedView",
         "ComfortPin",
+        "TakeoutItem",
+        "TakeoutChannelDismissal",
+        "VideoUnmark",
         "Tag",
         "ChannelTag",
     },
@@ -360,6 +363,13 @@ UNIT_COMMITS = {
         "sync/playlists.py:pull_user_playlists",
         "sync/playlists.py:merge_playlist",
         "sync/playlists.py:repull_playlist",
+        # The Takeout import is a recorded run with its own session: the watched part lands before
+        # the Watch later part asks YouTube (which commits the videos it fetched).
+        "reader/takeout.py:run_import",
+        # Run inside the Shorts job, on its session: each user's waiting rows land on their own.
+        "reader/takeout.py:apply_waiting",
+        # Inside either of those: the lengths YouTube gave land before the channels are asked for.
+        "reader/takeout.py:_channel_list",
     },
     # The catalog's ingest jobs commit per page or batch, a YouTube call between each: a page
     # fetched and stored is not lost when the next call fails, and an enrich that fails rolls back

backend/tests/test_video_row.py

@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+"""A catalog video as the feed lists it, the row a player opened from an address starts from. DB lane."""
+
+from datetime import datetime, timezone
+
+from app.catalog.models import Channel, Video
+from app.reader.models import VideoState
+
+
+def _video(db, vid="v1"):
+    db.add(Channel(id="UCo", title="Owner", handle="@owner"))
+    db.flush()
+    db.add(
+        Video(
+            id=vid,
+            title="A talk",
+            channel_id="UCo",
+            published_at=datetime.now(timezone.utc),
+            duration_seconds=3600,
+        )
+    )
+    db.commit()
+
+
+def test_a_video_comes_as_the_feed_row_with_my_own_state(db, make_user, as_user):
+    me, other = make_user(), make_user()
+    _video(db)
+    db.add(VideoState(user_id=me.id, video_id="v1", status="new", position_seconds=600))
+    db.add(VideoState(user_id=other.id, video_id="v1", status="watched", position_seconds=90))
+    db.commit()
+    r = as_user(me).get("/api/videos/v1/row")
+    assert r.status_code == 200, r.text
+    row = r.json()
+    assert (row["id"], row["title"], row["channel_title"]) == ("v1", "A talk", "Owner")
+    assert (row["status"], row["position_seconds"]) == ("new", 600)
+    assert row["watch_url"] == "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v1"
+
+
+def test_a_video_never_opened_has_no_state(db, make_user, as_user):
+    _video(db)
+    row = as_user(make_user()).get("/api/videos/v1/row").json()
+    assert (row["status"], row["position_seconds"], row["saved"]) == ("new", 0, False)
+
+
+def test_a_video_outside_the_catalog_is_not_found(db, make_user, as_user):
+    r = as_user(make_user()).get("/api/videos/nope/row")
+    assert r.status_code == 404
+    assert r.json()["detail"]["code"] == "not_found"

backend/tests/test_watched_channels.py

@@ -0,0 +1,538 @@
+"""The channels a user's Takeout history shows them watching but not following: which channels make
+the list (five videos of five minutes or more, none they follow, block, put out or own), what the
+import asks YouTube for it and when, and the channel's watched videos made ready to play."""
+
+from datetime import datetime, timedelta, timezone
+
+import pytest
+from sqlalchemy import select, update
+
+from app import quota
+from app.catalog import service as catalog_service
+from app.catalog.models import BlockedChannel, Channel, ExploredChannel, Subscription, Video
+from app.db import SessionLocal
+from app.reader import queries, service, takeout
+from app.reader.models import TakeoutChannelDismissal, TakeoutItem, TakeoutKind
+from app.routes import feed as feed_routes
+from app.sync import explore as sync_explore
+from app.sync import videos as sync_videos
+from app.youtube.client import YouTubeError
+
+T0 = datetime(2026, 5, 1, 12, 0, tzinfo=timezone.utc)
+LONG = 600
+SHORT = 120
+
+
+def _ch(n: int) -> str:
+    return f"UC{n:022d}"
+
+
+def _vid(channel: int, n: int) -> str:
+    return f"c{channel:02d}v{n:07d}"
+
+
+def _watched(db, user, channel: int, lengths: list[int | None], *, at=T0, asked=True):
+    """Stage `len(lengths)` watched videos of a channel, the newest first, each with its length
+    already asked (None: YouTube no longer has it) — or not asked yet."""
+    service.stage_takeout(
+        db,
+        user,
+        TakeoutKind.WATCHED,
+        {_vid(channel, i): (at - timedelta(days=i), _ch(channel)) for i in range(len(lengths))},
+    )
+    db.flush()
+    if asked:
+        ids = [_vid(channel, i) for i in range(len(lengths))]
+        service.record_takeout_lengths(
+            db, user, ids, {v: s for v, s in zip(ids, lengths, strict=True) if s is not None}
+        )
+    db.commit()
+
+
+def _channel(db, n: int, title: str | None = None):
+    db.add(Channel(id=_ch(n), title=title or f"Channel {n}", details_synced_at=T0))
+    db.commit()
+
+
+def _listed(db, user) -> list[tuple[str, int]]:
+    return [(ch.id, n) for ch, n, _ in queries.watched_channels(db, user)]
+
+
+# --- which channels make the list --------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+def test_a_channel_makes_the_list_with_five_watched_videos_of_five_minutes_or_more(db, make_user):
+    user = make_user("list@example.com")
+    for n in (1, 2, 3):
+        _channel(db, n)
+    _watched(db, user, 1, [LONG] * 5 + [SHORT] * 3)  # five long, three short: on it with 5
+    _watched(db, user, 2, [LONG] * 4 + [SHORT] * 6)  # ten watched, only four long: off it
+    _watched(db, user, 3, [299, 300, 300, 300, 300, 300])  # five at exactly five minutes: on it
+    # A tie: channel 1's counted videos were watched later (channel 3's newest is under five minutes).
+    assert _listed(db, user) == [(_ch(1), 5), (_ch(3), 5)]
+
+
+def test_a_video_youtube_no_longer_has_does_not_count(db, make_user):
+    user = make_user("gone@example.com")
+    _channel(db, 1)
+    _watched(db, user, 1, [LONG] * 4 + [None] * 3)
+    assert _listed(db, user) == []
+
+
+def test_the_most_watched_lead_and_a_tie_goes_to_the_one_watched_more_lately(db, make_user):
+    user = make_user("order@example.com")
+    for n in (1, 2, 3):
+        _channel(db, n)
+    _watched(db, user, 1, [LONG] * 6, at=T0 - timedelta(days=100))
+    _watched(db, user, 2, [LONG] * 9, at=T0 - timedelta(days=300))
+    _watched(db, user, 3, [LONG] * 6, at=T0)
+    assert _listed(db, user) == [(_ch(2), 9), (_ch(3), 6), (_ch(1), 6)]
+    last = {ch.id: when for ch, _, when in queries.watched_channels(db, user)}
+    assert last[_ch(3)] == T0  # the last watched of the counted ones
+
+
+def test_a_channel_the_user_follows_blocked_put_out_or_owns_is_not_on_the_list(db, make_user):
+    user = make_user("off@example.com", yt_channel_id=_ch(4))
+    for n in (1, 2, 3, 4, 5):
+        _channel(db, n)
+        _watched(db, user, n, [LONG] * 5)
+    db.add(Subscription(user_id=user.id, channel_id=_ch(1)))
+    db.add(BlockedChannel(user_id=user.id, channel_id=_ch(2)))
+    db.commit()
+    service.dismiss_watched_channel(db, user, _ch(3))
+    db.commit()
+    assert _listed(db, user) == [(_ch(5), 5)]
+
+
+def test_one_users_follows_and_dismissals_leave_anothers_list_alone(db, make_user):
+    me, other = make_user("me@example.com"), make_user("other@example.com")
+    _channel(db, 1)
+    for user in (me, other):
+        _watched(db, user, 1, [LONG] * 5)
+    db.add(Subscription(user_id=other.id, channel_id=_ch(1)))
+    db.commit()
+    service.dismiss_watched_channel(db, other, _ch(1))
+    db.commit()
+    assert _listed(db, me) == [(_ch(1), 5)]
+    assert _listed(db, other) == []
+
+
+def test_a_channel_whose_lengths_are_not_all_known_is_pending_until_they_are(db, make_user):
+    user = make_user("pending@example.com")
+    _channel(db, 1)
+    _watched(db, user, 1, [LONG] * 6, asked=False)
+    _watched(db, user, 2, [LONG] * 4, asked=False)  # four watched: it can never make the list
+    assert queries.watched_channels_pending(db, user) == 1
+    assert _listed(db, user) == []
+    ids = [_vid(1, i) for i in range(6)]
+    service.record_takeout_lengths(db, user, ids, dict.fromkeys(ids, LONG))
+    db.commit()
+    assert queries.watched_channels_pending(db, user) == 0
+    assert _listed(db, user) == [(_ch(1), 6)]
+
+
+def test_a_new_upload_of_the_history_keeps_the_lengths_already_asked(db, make_user):
+    user = make_user("again@example.com")
+    _channel(db, 1)
+    _watched(db, user, 1, [LONG] * 5)
+    _watched(db, user, 1, [LONG] * 5, at=T0 + timedelta(days=1), asked=False)
+    assert _listed(db, user) == [(_ch(1), 5)]
+    assert queries.takeout_lengths_to_ask(db, user) == []
+
+
+# --- what the import asks YouTube for ----------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+class FakeYouTube:
+    """Stands in for `YouTubeClient`: answers `videos.list` with the lengths it was given and
+    `channels.list` with a title per channel, and records what it was asked."""
+
+    def __init__(self, lengths: dict[str, int] | None = None, *, fail: bool = False):
+        self.lengths = lengths or {}
+        self.fail = fail
+        self.fail_channels = False
+        self.videos_asked: list[list[str]] = []
+        self.channels_asked: list[list[str]] = []
+        self.actions: list[tuple[int | None, str]] = []
+
+    def __call__(self, db, user):
+        return self
+
+    def __enter__(self):
+        return self
+
+    def __exit__(self, *exc):
+        return False
+
+    def get_videos(self, ids):
+        self.videos_asked.append(list(ids))
+        self.actions.append((quota._actor_id.get(), quota._action.get()))
+        if self.fail:
+            raise YouTubeError("refused", reason="quotaExceeded", path="videos")
+        return [
+            {"id": v, "contentDetails": {"duration": f"PT{self.lengths[v]}S"}}
+            for v in ids
+            if v in self.lengths
+        ]
+
+    def get_channels(self, ids):
+        self.channels_asked.append(list(ids))
+        self.actions.append((quota._actor_id.get(), quota._action.get()))
+        if self.fail_channels:
+            raise YouTubeError("refused", reason="backendError", path="channels")
+        return [{"id": c, "snippet": {"title": f"Named {c[-2:]}"}} for c in ids]
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def youtube(monkeypatch, db, make_user):
+    fetcher = make_user("fetcher@example.com")
+    fake = FakeYouTube()
+    monkeypatch.setattr(takeout, "YouTubeClient", fake)
+    monkeypatch.setattr(takeout, "get_service_user", lambda session: fetcher)
+    monkeypatch.setattr(takeout.quota, "backfill_reserve_reached", lambda: False)
+    return fake
+
+
+def test_the_import_asks_the_lengths_the_list_needs_and_names_its_channels(db, make_user, youtube):
+    user = make_user("import@example.com")
+    _watched(db, user, 1, [None] * 7, asked=False)  # the most watched channel
+    _watched(db, user, 2, [None] * 5, asked=False)
+    _watched(db, user, 3, [None] * 4, asked=False)  # too few to ever make it: not asked about
+    youtube.lengths = {_vid(1, i): LONG for i in range(6)} | {_vid(2, i): SHORT for i in range(5)}
+
+    result = takeout.run_import(user.id)
+
+    asked = [_vid(1, i) for i in range(7)] + [_vid(2, i) for i in range(5)]
+    assert youtube.videos_asked == [asked]  # the top channel first
+    assert result["lengths_asked"] == 12
+    # Only channel 1 made it (six long; its seventh is gone, channel 2's are short): it is named.
+    assert youtube.channels_asked == [[_ch(1)]]
+    assert result["channels_described"] == 1
+    assert {
+        (user.id, quota.QuotaAction.VIDEOS_LOOKUP),
+        (user.id, quota.QuotaAction.CHANNELS_DISCOVER),
+    } == set(youtube.actions)
+    db.expire_all()
+    assert [(ch.title, n) for ch, n, _ in queries.watched_channels(db, user)] == [("Named 01", 6)]
+    assert queries.watched_channels_pending(db, user) == 0
+    # Asked once: a second run asks nothing again, the gone video included.
+    youtube.videos_asked.clear()
+    youtube.channels_asked.clear()
+    assert "lengths_asked" not in takeout.run_import(user.id)
+    assert youtube.videos_asked == [] and youtube.channels_asked == []
+
+
+def test_the_lookups_stop_at_the_users_daily_share_and_the_rest_wait(
+    db, make_user, youtube, monkeypatch
+):
+    user = make_user("share@example.com")
+    _watched(db, user, 1, [None] * 8, asked=False)
+    _watched(db, user, 2, [None] * 6, asked=False)
+    monkeypatch.setattr(takeout, "_lengths", takeout.RateLimiter(10, 3600))
+    takeout.run_import(user.id)
+    assert youtube.videos_asked == [[_vid(1, i) for i in range(8)] + [_vid(2, 0), _vid(2, 1)]]
+    db.expire_all()
+    assert queries.watched_channels_pending(db, user) == 1  # channel 2 still has some to ask
+    youtube.videos_asked.clear()
+    takeout.run_import(user.id)
+    assert youtube.videos_asked == []  # the share is spent for today
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("why", ["no_fetcher", "reserve"])
+def test_nothing_is_asked_without_a_connected_account_or_past_the_reserve(
+    db, make_user, youtube, monkeypatch, why
+):
+    user = make_user(f"{why}@example.com")
+    _watched(db, user, 1, [None] * 5, asked=False)
+    if why == "no_fetcher":
+        monkeypatch.setattr(takeout, "get_service_user", lambda session: None)
+    else:
+        monkeypatch.setattr(takeout.quota, "backfill_reserve_reached", lambda: True)
+    assert "lengths_asked" not in takeout.run_import(user.id)
+    assert youtube.videos_asked == []
+    assert queries.watched_channels_pending(db, user) == 1
+
+
+def test_a_youtube_failure_asking_lengths_fails_neither_the_import_nor_its_marks(
+    db, make_user, youtube
+):
+    user = make_user("fail@example.com")
+    _watched(db, user, 1, [None] * 5, asked=False)
+    youtube.fail = True
+    result = takeout.run_import(user.id)
+    assert "lengths_asked" not in result
+    assert queries.takeout_lengths_to_ask(db, user) == [_vid(1, i) for i in range(5)]
+    db.expire_all()
+    rows = db.execute(select(TakeoutItem).where(TakeoutItem.user_id == user.id)).scalars()
+    assert all(r.looked_up_at is None for r in rows)  # left to ask again
+
+
+def test_the_shorts_job_asks_what_an_import_could_not(db, make_user, youtube):
+    user = make_user("later@example.com")
+    _watched(db, user, 1, [None] * 5, asked=False)
+    youtube.lengths = {_vid(1, i): LONG for i in range(5)}
+    assert takeout.apply_waiting(db)["takeout_lengths_asked"] == 5
+    db.expire_all()
+    assert [n for _, n, _ in queries.watched_channels(db, user)] == [5]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("why", ["follows", "blocked", "dismissed", "own"])
+def test_a_channel_off_the_list_is_not_asked_about_nor_looked_at_again(
+    db, make_user, youtube, monkeypatch, why
+):
+    user = make_user(f"off-{why}@example.com", yt_channel_id=_ch(1) if why == "own" else None)
+    _channel(db, 1)
+    _watched(db, user, 1, [None] * 5, asked=False)
+    if why == "follows":
+        db.add(Subscription(user_id=user.id, channel_id=_ch(1)))
+    elif why == "blocked":
+        db.add(BlockedChannel(user_id=user.id, channel_id=_ch(1)))
+    elif why == "dismissed":
+        service.dismiss_watched_channel(db, user, _ch(1))
+    db.commit()
+    runs = []
+    monkeypatch.setattr(takeout, "_channel_list", lambda session, u: runs.append(u.id) or {})
+    assert takeout.apply_waiting(db) == {}
+    # Its rows are never asked about, so they would stay "to ask" for good: the Shorts job must not
+    # take the user up again for them on every run.
+    assert runs == []
+    assert youtube.videos_asked == []
+
+
+def test_naming_the_channels_is_tried_again_and_meanwhile_the_list_says_it_is_not_complete(
+    db, make_user, youtube
+):
+    user = make_user("unnamed@example.com")
+    _watched(db, user, 1, [None] * 5, asked=False)
+    youtube.lengths = {_vid(1, i): LONG for i in range(5)}
+    youtube.fail_channels = True
+    takeout.run_import(user.id)
+    db.expire_all()
+    # Every length is known, the channel could not be named: not on the list, and not complete.
+    assert queries.takeout_lengths_to_ask(db, user) == []
+    assert _listed(db, user) == []
+    assert queries.watched_channels_pending(db, user) == 1
+    youtube.fail_channels = False
+    takeout.apply_waiting(db)
+    db.expire_all()
+    assert [(ch.title, n) for ch, n, _ in queries.watched_channels(db, user)] == [("Named 01", 5)]
+    assert queries.watched_channels_pending(db, user) == 0
+
+
+def test_a_listed_channel_still_to_be_described_is_not_counted_as_one_to_come(db, make_user):
+    user = make_user("stub@example.com")
+    # A stub the catalog made when one of its videos came in: a title, no details yet.
+    db.add(Channel(id=_ch(1), title="From a video"))
+    db.commit()
+    _watched(db, user, 1, [LONG] * 5)
+    assert queries.watched_channels_to_describe(db, user) == [_ch(1)]
+    assert _listed(db, user) == [(_ch(1), 5)]
+    # It is on the list already: "the list may grow" would promise one more that cannot come.
+    assert queries.watched_channels_pending(db, user) == 0
+
+
+def test_the_lengths_leave_the_watch_later_lookups_their_own_share(
+    db, make_user, youtube, monkeypatch
+):
+    user = make_user("shares@example.com")
+    monkeypatch.setattr(takeout, "_lookups", takeout.RateLimiter(10, 3600))
+    monkeypatch.setattr(takeout, "_lengths", takeout.RateLimiter(10, 3600))
+    _watched(db, user, 1, [None] * 15, asked=False)
+    takeout.run_import(user.id)  # the history: its lengths spend all they may today
+    youtube.videos_asked.clear()
+    service.stage_takeout(db, user, TakeoutKind.WATCH_LATER, {"later000001": (T0, None)})
+    db.commit()
+    takeout.run_import(user.id)  # then the export's Watch later file
+    assert ["later000001"] in youtube.videos_asked
+
+
+# --- the channel's watched videos, ready to play ------------------------------------------------
+
+
+def _fake_ensure(calls):
+    def ensure(session, yt, ids, *, explore=False):
+        calls.append((list(ids), explore))
+        for vid in ids:
+            if vid.endswith("4"):
+                continue  # gone from YouTube since its length was asked
+            session.add(Video(id=vid, channel_id=_ch(1), published_at=T0, via_explore=explore))
+        session.commit()
+
+    return ensure
+
+
+def test_a_channels_watched_videos_come_ready_to_play_and_explored(
+    db, make_user, as_user, monkeypatch
+):
+    user = make_user("play@example.com")
+    _channel(db, 1)
+    _watched(db, user, 1, [LONG, SHORT, LONG, None, LONG, LONG, LONG])
+    db.add(Video(id=_vid(1, 0), channel_id=_ch(1), published_at=T0))  # already in the catalog
+    db.commit()
+    calls = []
+    monkeypatch.setattr(feed_routes, "ensure_videos", _fake_ensure(calls))
+    monkeypatch.setattr(feed_routes.quota, "backfill_reserve_reached", lambda: False)
+
+    resp = as_user(user).post(f"/api/takeout/channels/{_ch(1)}/videos")
+
+    assert resp.status_code == 200, resp.text
+    body = resp.json()
+    # Only the counted ones, newest first; the short one and the gone ones are left out.
+    assert calls == [([_vid(1, 2), _vid(1, 4), _vid(1, 5), _vid(1, 6)], True)]
+    assert [it["id"] for it in body["items"]] == [_vid(1, 0), _vid(1, 2), _vid(1, 5), _vid(1, 6)]
+    assert body["items"][0]["takeout_watched_at"].startswith("2026-05-01")
+    assert body["gone"] == 2  # one YouTube had lost before, one since
+    assert body["ok"] is True
+    db.expire_all()
+    assert db.execute(
+        select(ExploredChannel).where(
+            ExploredChannel.user_id == user.id, ExploredChannel.channel_id == _ch(1)
+        )
+    ).scalar_one()
+    assert (
+        db.get(Channel, _ch(1)).from_explore is True
+    )  # nobody follows it: the cleanup's to reclaim
+
+
+def test_a_followed_channels_watched_videos_come_in_as_the_catalogs_own(
+    db, make_user, as_user, monkeypatch
+):
+    user, follower = make_user("viewer@example.com"), make_user("follower@example.com")
+    _channel(db, 1)
+    _watched(db, user, 1, [LONG] * 5)
+    db.add(Subscription(user_id=follower.id, channel_id=_ch(1)))
+    db.commit()
+    calls = []
+    monkeypatch.setattr(feed_routes, "ensure_videos", _fake_ensure(calls))
+    monkeypatch.setattr(feed_routes.quota, "backfill_reserve_reached", lambda: False)
+    assert as_user(user).post(f"/api/takeout/channels/{_ch(1)}/videos").status_code == 200
+    # Someone follows it, so it is no exploration's to reclaim: a video flagged as one would never
+    # be cleared again (subscribing clears only an explored channel's) and never marked watched.
+    assert calls == [([_vid(1, i) for i in range(5)], False)]
+    db.expire_all()
+    assert db.get(Channel, _ch(1)).from_explore is False
+
+
+def test_a_follow_landing_while_the_videos_come_in_leaves_none_of_them_flagged(
+    db, make_user, as_user, monkeypatch
+):
+    user, follower = make_user("racer@example.com"), make_user("late@example.com")
+    _channel(db, 1)
+    _watched(db, user, 1, [LONG] * 5)
+    fake = _fake_ensure(calls := [])
+
+    def ensure(session, yt, ids, *, explore=False):
+        # Someone subscribes, in a request of their own, while YouTube answers this one.
+        with SessionLocal() as other:
+            ch = other.get(Channel, _ch(1))
+            catalog_service.record_subscription(other, follower, ch, "sub-late")
+            other.commit()
+        fake(session, yt, ids, explore=explore)
+
+    monkeypatch.setattr(feed_routes, "ensure_videos", ensure)
+    monkeypatch.setattr(feed_routes.quota, "backfill_reserve_reached", lambda: False)
+    assert as_user(user).post(f"/api/takeout/channels/{_ch(1)}/videos").status_code == 200
+    assert calls[0][1] is True  # asked as the exploration's
+    db.expire_all()
+    flagged = db.scalars(select(Video.id).where(Video.via_explore.is_(True))).all()
+    assert (db.get(Channel, _ch(1)).from_explore, flagged) == (False, [])
+
+
+def test_the_cleanup_keeps_a_channel_a_watch_history_lists_and_reclaims_its_videos(db, make_user):
+    user = make_user("kept@example.com")
+    _channel(db, 1)
+    _watched(db, user, 1, [LONG] * 5)
+    catalog_service.explore(db, user, db.get(Channel, _ch(1)))
+    db.add(Video(id=_vid(1, 0), channel_id=_ch(1), published_at=T0, via_explore=True))
+    db.add(Channel(id=_ch(2), from_explore=True))  # explored, in nobody's history
+    db.commit()
+    db.execute(update(ExploredChannel).values(created_at=T0 - timedelta(days=365)))
+    db.commit()
+    out = sync_explore.purge_unkept_explored(db)
+    # The unplayed video goes (opening the list's videos brings it back); the channel stays listed.
+    assert (out["videos_deleted"], out["channels_deleted"]) == (1, 1)
+    db.expire_all()
+    assert db.get(Channel, _ch(2)) is None
+    assert _listed(db, user) == [(_ch(1), 5)]
+
+
+def test_a_blocked_or_unknown_channels_videos_are_refused(db, make_user, as_user):
+    user = make_user("refused@example.com")
+    _channel(db, 1)
+    db.add(BlockedChannel(user_id=user.id, channel_id=_ch(1)))
+    db.commit()
+    client = as_user(user)
+    assert client.post(f"/api/takeout/channels/{_ch(1)}/videos").status_code == 403
+    assert client.post(f"/api/takeout/channels/{_ch(9)}/videos").status_code == 404
+
+
+def test_ensure_videos_adds_an_explorations_videos_as_its_own(db):
+    db.add(Channel(id=_ch(1), title="C"))
+    db.commit()
+
+    class YT:
+        def get_videos(self, ids):
+            return [{"id": v, "snippet": {"channelId": _ch(1)}} for v in ids]
+
+    sync_videos.ensure_videos(db, YT(), ["exploredvid"], explore=True)
+    sync_videos.ensure_videos(db, YT(), ["organicvid0"])
+    db.expire_all()
+    assert db.get(Video, "exploredvid").via_explore is True
+    assert db.get(Video, "organicvid0").via_explore is False
+
+
+# --- the routes -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+def test_the_list_route_says_what_it_holds_and_whether_a_history_was_uploaded(
+    db, make_user, as_user
+):
+    user = make_user("route@example.com")
+    client = as_user(user)
+    assert client.get("/api/takeout/channels").json() == {
+        "imported": False,
+        "pending": 0,
+        "channels": [],
+    }
+    _channel(db, 1, "Some channel")
+    _watched(db, user, 1, [LONG] * 5)
+    _watched(db, user, 2, [None] * 5, asked=False)
+    body = client.get("/api/takeout/channels").json()
+    assert body["imported"] is True and body["pending"] == 1
+    assert [(c["id"], c["title"], c["watched"]) for c in body["channels"]] == [
+        (_ch(1), "Some channel", 5)
+    ]
+    assert body["channels"][0]["last_watched_at"].startswith("2026-05-01")
+
+
+def test_a_channel_put_out_of_the_list_comes_back_when_restored(db, make_user, as_user):
+    user = make_user("dismiss@example.com")
+    _channel(db, 1)
+    _watched(db, user, 1, [LONG] * 5)
+    client = as_user(user)
+    url = f"/api/takeout/channels/{_ch(1)}/dismissal"
+    assert client.put(url).json() == {"ok": True, "channel_id": _ch(1)}
+    assert client.put(url).status_code == 200  # again: no error
+    assert client.get("/api/takeout/channels").json()["channels"] == []
+    assert client.delete(url).json() == {"ok": True, "channel_id": _ch(1)}
+    assert [c["id"] for c in client.get("/api/takeout/channels").json()["channels"]] == [_ch(1)]
+    db.expire_all()
+    assert db.execute(select(TakeoutChannelDismissal)).scalars().all() == []
+
+
+def test_only_a_channel_of_the_users_own_history_can_be_put_out_of_the_list(db, make_user, as_user):
+    user, other = make_user("mine@example.com"), make_user("theirs@example.com")
+    _channel(db, 1)
+    _watched(db, other, 1, [LONG] * 5)
+    client = as_user(user)
+    assert client.put(f"/api/takeout/channels/{_ch(1)}/dismissal").status_code == 404
+    assert client.put(f"/api/takeout/channels/{_ch(9)}/dismissal").status_code == 404
+    db.expire_all()
+    assert db.execute(select(TakeoutChannelDismissal)).scalars().all() == []
+
+
+def test_a_dismissal_of_an_overlong_channel_id_is_refused_before_the_database(
+    db, make_user, as_user
+):
+    user = make_user("long@example.com")
+    assert as_user(user).put(f"/api/takeout/channels/{'U' * 33}/dismissal").status_code == 422

backend/tests/test_youtube_refusals.py

@@ -193,3 +193,45 @@ def test_any_other_token_refusal_keeps_the_grant(monkeypatch):
         c._access_token()
     assert tok.scopes == "s"
     assert refusal_reason(caught.value) == "unavailable"
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    ("failure", "sent"),
+    [
+        (httpx.ConnectError("refused"), False),
+        (httpx.ConnectTimeout("slow connect"), False),
+        (httpx.ProxyError("proxy down"), False),
+        (httpx.ReadTimeout("no answer"), True),
+        (httpx.RemoteProtocolError("dropped"), True),
+    ],
+)
+def test_a_transport_failure_says_whether_the_request_went_out(failure, sent):
+    """A search that never reached YouTube spent nothing and gets its slot back; one whose answer
+    never came may have been counted, and keeps it (`routes/search`)."""
+
+    def request(*_a, **_k):
+        raise failure
+
+    c = yt.YouTubeClient.__new__(yt.YouTubeClient)
+    c._http = SimpleNamespace(request=request)
+    with pytest.raises(YouTubeError) as caught:
+        c._send("GET", "https://example.invalid")
+    assert caught.value.reason == "transport"
+    assert caught.value.sent is sent
+
+
+def test_a_call_youtube_answered_is_spent_a_refused_one_too(monkeypatch):
+    resp = httpx.Response(
+        400,
+        json={"error": {"errors": [{"reason": "invalidPageToken"}]}},
+        request=httpx.Request("GET", f"{yt.API_BASE}/search"),
+    )
+    recorded: list[int] = []
+    c = yt.YouTubeClient.__new__(yt.YouTubeClient)
+    c.db, c.spent = None, 0
+    monkeypatch.setattr(yt.sysconfig, "get_str", lambda d, key: "a-key")
+    monkeypatch.setattr(yt.quota, "record_usage", recorded.append)
+    monkeypatch.setattr(c, "_send", lambda *a, **k: resp)
+    with pytest.raises(YouTubeError):
+        c._get("search", {}, cost=100)
+    assert (recorded, c.spent) == ([100], 100)

docs/DESIGN.md

@@ -225,7 +225,10 @@ Also in force:
   tag chip is `Chip`; a sortable row's grip is `DragHandle`. On the always-dark player chrome both
   `Button` and `IconButton` use the `overlay` variant (white, a white layer), whatever the theme; the Plex
   control row is IconButton's `player` rung (36, a 20px glyph, round, 44 on touch). A pressed toggle is
-  `pressed`: the solid accent on a `Button`, the accent glyph on an `IconButton`. A raw `<button>` (or a bare
+  `pressed`: the solid accent on a `Button`, the accent glyph on an `IconButton`, kept under the pointer
+  (no hover layer or hover colour over it). A mode cycle (the player's auto-advance and loop) is no
+  two-state switch: `lit` gives it the same look when it is not off, without `aria-pressed`, and its name
+  says the mode. A raw `<button>` (or a bare
   `FocusSafeButton`) outside the control primitives (eslint `BUTTON_PRIMITIVES`) is a lint error. A text-less button must have an accessible name, and the type enforces
   it. [WCAG 4.1.2]
 - **The chip family** (`Chip`, E28 S3b): rounded-full, never under 24 (A3 grows it to 44 on touch).
@@ -251,8 +254,13 @@ Also in force:
 - A button that starts slow work shows `loading` (a spinner, `aria-busy`) and can't be pressed twice.
   [Nielsen #1]
 - **A glyph means one thing.** Play (▷) starts playback, or resumes a paused transfer; a retry is the
-  refresh arrow (`RefreshCw`); a reset or revert is the counter-clockwise arrow (`RotateCcw`). A failed
-  download's Retry had worn the Play glyph, which promised a video. [Nielsen #4]
+  refresh arrow (`RefreshCw`), and so is doing a download again; a reset or revert is the
+  counter-clockwise arrow (`RotateCcw`), and so is playing from the beginning, on the card and in its
+  menu alike; clearing a video's progress and status is the eraser (`Eraser`). A failed download's Retry
+  had worn the Play glyph, which promised a video. The skip arrows (⏮ ⏭) are Previous /
+  Next; the auto-advance mode beside them wears list glyphs (`ListEnd` next, `ListStart` previous,
+  `Shuffle` random; off is `ListEnd`, not lit) — a mode in the skip arrows put two identical ⏭ on the
+  panel's glyph-only row. [Nielsen #4]
 
 ## Surfaces and page chrome — _Decided_ (batch B)
 
@@ -370,7 +378,11 @@ Which actions are visible and which live in a menu.
   managing the shares, re-download, the copies, cancel / delete / remove
   behind their confirms); a link inside a row keeps the browser's own right-click menu. A notification
   row keeps its link and its unread mark, shows its dismiss on hover (in the "…" on touch), and its
-  "…" holds find / undo for an activity notice. The notification center's band keeps Mark all read
+  "…" holds find / undo for an activity notice. The notification center lists what asks for the
+  reader first ("Needs you · n": an unread row, a notice waiting on an action — one read during the
+  visit keeps its place there until Mark all read), then one stream of both sources, newest first,
+  and folds read rows older than a week under "Earlier (n)", a heading-style disclosure, closed — Back to a row
+  that folded away since opens it on that row. Its band keeps Mark all read
   and puts Clear everything, now behind a confirm, in its "…"; the Scheduler's strip keeps Run all
   and Pause and puts Purge discovery in its "…". A list whose row objects are rebuilt each render or replaced by a
   poll passes `useContextMenu({ keyOf })` (its id), so the "…" still closes its own menu. A menu's
@@ -498,7 +510,10 @@ of a full-width panel and nothing on the right.
 ## Interaction rules — _Decided_
 
 - **Keyboard:** everything works by keyboard, in visual order, with no traps. A shortcut is a row in
-  `lib/keymap.ts`; list and grid navigation is `NavGrid`/`keyboardNav`. [WCAG 2.1.1, 2.4.3, 2.1.2]
+  `lib/keymap.ts`; list and grid navigation is `NavGrid`/`keyboardNav`. An open dialog or player
+  silences the page's list keys, but a list inside the topmost one walks while the focus is in it
+  (the player's related videos); the walk stays inside that layer, and its arrows there move the list,
+  not the video. [WCAG 2.1.1, 2.4.3, 2.1.2]
 - **Focus:** every control has a visible focus ring (the base ring in `index.css`; don't add a second). A
   sticky or fixed layer never covers the focused element. A list item the keyboard lands on rings 2 px
   outside itself where it has a gap round it (a card); a table row, a log line or a row flush in a
@@ -556,7 +571,8 @@ of a full-width panel and nothing on the right.
   row is not a card and keeps its one play button: started, that button continues, its "…" has Continue +
   "Play from the beginning", and its picture carries the cards' progress bar.
 - **The YouTube modal:** its chrome uses the `Button` rungs (44 on touch); Previous / Next live in the panel
-  (its transport row, or the shut panel's strip) and on Shift+← / →, with no strips beside the card. Close is
+  (its transport row: glyphs only — Previous, the count, Next, auto-advance, loop on one line, each named in
+  its tooltip, the modes with their current one — or the shut panel's strip) and on Shift+← / →, with no strips beside the card. Close is
   an icon at the top right of the panel (wide: its head, or its strip) and at the end of the title row
   under the video (stacked). Wide, the panel shows the description outright, clamped to three
   lines with a More (`ClampedText`; a Tab onto a link below the cut opens it), and collapses to a 2.75rem
@@ -564,6 +580,18 @@ of a full-width panel and nothing on the right.
   open. Stacked, the description opens from an ⓘ, because a hover popover never opens on a tap (measured
   live). The wheel: over the video it sets the volume; over a panel with something to scroll it scrolls
   only, never the volume, even at its end; over one with nothing to scroll it sets the volume. [WCAG 1.4.13]
+- **Related videos (owner's picks A, A, a, a):** on demand, never open by itself — the modal has no room to
+  spare. Wide, a "Related" tab beside the description in the side panel; stacked, a button beside the ⓘ
+  opens them in a drawer over the player. A row is the thumbnailed video row in its narrow form (a 6rem
+  picture, the relative time only, the "…" its one control — every toggle is a row of that menu), with
+  a check before the channel the user follows (named on hover). A click plays it in the same player
+  (Back returns to the opened video), and the list stays the opened video's. Played, it is the item it
+  now is (owner's pick D1 a): its title, its own watched / playlist / download controls, its progress
+  kept, marked watched at its end — and its end does not step the queue. What the user watched or hid
+  is never in it; a list read so far with nothing unseen says so above Show more. Over it, a two-way
+  switch: on topic or trending (the Hungarian chart, labelled just "Trending"), kept on the account. Turned off on the instance (a daily
+  limit of 0, owner's pick D2 a), there is no tab and no button; a refusal a retry cannot answer (the
+  day's cap, turned off, the shared budget) offers no Retry.
 - **Clip mode (both players, owner's picks A + P1 + a):** a scissors in the control row (Plex: the C5 row,
   before the ⋯; YouTube: the actions beside Download, and the docked bar) or `C` opens a clip panel IN the
   player; `[` / `]` mark the start / end at the playhead and open it when shut. The video being watched is the
@@ -795,3 +823,9 @@ of a full-width panel and nothing on the right.
 | 2026-10-17 | Text on glass (owner ★)                          | Light `--muted` 15% toward `--fg` in every scheme (≥ 6:1 on the bare page); the item count, the badges and the current Files row on opaque tints mixed into the surface                                                                                                                                                                                                                             | Only the two failing components; the item count's number in `--fg`                                                                                                                                     | Pixel-measured over every scheme × mode × backdrop, the count fell to 3.8:1 (dark too: thumbnails scroll under the toolbar's glass) and Channels' tabs to 4.1:1; an `--fg` count outshouts the filters beside it             |
 | 2026-10-18 | Scheduler run history (owner D4, E1, E2 ★)       | A row's last three runs as dots, newest first (interrupted: a hollow warn ring, set apart from skipped and failed), and a history button that opens the job's runs on the Activity page; a user's ad-hoc runs in their own block under the jobs, with no interval and no run button                                                                                                                 | An inline expandable history per row; a dark-grey interrupted dot; ad-hoc runs only on the Activity page                                                                                               | Three dots answer "did it run, did it work" at a glance; the whole history needs filters, which the Activity page has                                                                                                        |
 | 2026-10-18 | Activity page (owner D1, D2, G1–G3 ★)            | One page, "Napló" / "Activity": four tabs (Runs, Admin actions, Server log, Quota) under one filter bar (text, a period of 1 h · 24 h · 7 d · 30 d · 90 d defaulting to 7 days, an account), the view in the URL; runs and admin actions as dense rows that open in place as a log line does, filtered and paged on the server; a run's or a request's log lines one pivot away, as a history entry | One merged timeline; a page per source; a default period per tab; card rows; the audit log's client-side table                                                                                         | Each source keeps its own table and retention, read in one place; one bar keeps what you narrowed across tabs; about 1.8k runs a day need a log's density and a server-side filter                                           |
+| 2026-10-24 | Related videos (owner U1–U3 ★, D1 A, D3)         | On demand: a tab beside the description (wide), a drawer (stacked); the narrow thumbnailed row, its menu alone, a followed check; plays in place and the list stays the opened video's; an on-topic / Hungarian-trending switch kept on the account                                                                                                                                                 | Always shown; the end-of-video grid alone; a dialog; a big card or a text row; a list that follows the playing video                                                                                   | The modal is full on a small screen; a picture is what a choice among strangers rests on; a list that stays put is tried one by one, and spends no more of the day's cap                                                     |
+| 2026-10-25 | Related: one played; off (owner D1 a, D2 a)      | Played from the list, it is the player's item: its title, controls and progress, marked watched at its end, the queue left where it was; a daily limit of 0 takes the tab and the button away                                                                                                                                                                                                       | A linked video's in-place play (no controls, nothing kept); a tab that only shows a refusal                                                                                                            | What is watched should count as watched, wherever it was started from; a control that can only be refused is not offered                                                                                                     |
+| 2026-10-25 | Player panel glyphs (owner 1A, 2A, 3)            | In the side panel the queue row is glyph-only on one line, and Mark watched is a glyph toggle among the actions (✓ / ✓✓); the docked bar keeps its labels; the related switch at the default size, "Trending"                                                                                                                                                                                       | Labelled buttons wrapping onto three lines; glyphs on the docked bar too; Mark watched on its own line                                                                                                 | The panel is narrow and the list controls are the same few every time; each glyph keeps its full name and shortcut in its tooltip; the docked bar has the width for words                                                    |
+| 2026-10-25 | Auto-advance glyphs (owner E A, H a)             | Auto-advance wears list glyphs (`ListEnd` next and off, `ListStart` previous, `Shuffle` random), in the panel and the docked bar; the auto-advance and loop cycles are `lit`, not `pressed`                                                                                                                                                                                                         | The skip arrows for the mode; an X'd list for off; `aria-pressed` on a cycle                                                                                                                           | Beside Previous / Next the skip arrows read as a second Next; a cycle of three or four modes is no two-state switch, and its name already says which                                                                         |
+| 2026-10-25 | Restart and Reset glyphs (owner L A)             | A menu's Play from the beginning wears `RotateCcw`, as the card's own Restart does; Reset (clear progress and status) wears `Eraser`; Redownload wears `RefreshCw`, the retry arrow                                                                                                                                                                                                                 | The skip arrow ⏮ on the menu's Restart; `RotateCcw` on both Restart and Reset; `TimerReset` for Restart                                                                                               | ⏮ is Previous beside the player; one action wore two glyphs, and two actions in one menu would have worn one                                                                                                                |
+| 2026-10-28 | Notification order (owner A-D1 a, A-D2 a, ★ a)   | What asks for the reader first, from either source ("Needs you · n"), then one stream newest first; read rows older than a week fold under "Earlier (n)", closed, its label in the section-heading style with a chevron                                                                                                                                                                             | One stream with no band; this browser's activity above the server's (the two fixed sections); a server-side retention that deletes old rows                                                            | An admin's access requests sat under up to a hundred server rows; week-old read notices crowded what is new; folding keeps the rows (nothing is deleted) and an unread row never folds, whatever its age                     |

docs/development.md

@@ -45,7 +45,18 @@ A frontend page is one folder, `frontend/src/modules/<id>/` (the layering is in
    page renders into the floating header itself through `PageHeader`; the shell knows no page.
 2. `module.ts`: its `ModuleDef` (`lib/moduleDef.ts`): id, label keys, icon, an optional `gate`, the page as a
    `lazyWithPreload(() => import(…))`, and optionally a rail and a `Store`. Of its own folder it imports statically
-   only its store (a `…Provider` / `…Store` file); the page and the rail load lazily.
+   only its store (a `…Provider` / `…Store` file); the page and the rail load lazily. `urlKeys` names every
+   address-bar key its view writes (the URL is the view: a bookmark reopens it), its list kept in `lib/` beside
+   its codec; the shell clears them on a page switch and opens a page without another page's keys.
+   Every setting the page shows — a tab, a sort, a filter, a search, the item open in it — goes there: a codec
+   in `lib/<id>UrlState.ts` (read the params into the view, write the view as updates, a default left out —
+   or always written, when an address naming none falls back to a view remembered elsewhere), written with
+   `useUrlMirror` (a sub-view through `useHistorySubview`'s `url`, an overlay through `useBackToClose`'s),
+   always as the codec's result: a writer outside `lib/` computes no key of its own. Read back first on mount
+   (a link wins over anything remembered). A key that carries typed text — a search box's, a column filter
+   map with a text filter — is also in `typedUrlKeys` (the client log keeps what was typed out). Add its round
+   trip to `e2e/bookmark.spec.ts`, tagged with the page (`{ tag: "@<id>" }`). Only what an address cannot promise to
+   reopen stays out, said in its codec (Home's draw, `lib/homeUrlState`).
 3. `index.ts`, the module's public face: the definition, and only what other folders must read (its store's
    hooks). Another folder reaches the module through this file or not at all.
 4. The id in `lib/urlState`'s `PAGES`, and the definition in `features/navigation/moduleRegistry.ts`, in
@@ -58,7 +69,10 @@ A frontend page is one folder, `frontend/src/modules/<id>/` (the layering is in
    returns to `ui/FilterRail`; tsc names each table still missing the new id.
 
 What holds it: `moduleRegistry.contract.test.ts` (every id defined once, from its own folder, lazily),
-`moduleStores.contract.test.tsx` (no store reads another module), the `local/layers` lint rule (imports only go
+`moduleStores.contract.test.tsx` (no store reads another module), `moduleUrl.contract.test.ts` (each URL key
+belongs to one module and matches what its codec writes; a writer outside `lib/` is handed a literal or a `lib/`
+function's result, never a key of its own; no key literal written or read from the live query undeclared; every key
+sorted as typed or not; every page with keys in a tagged bookmark round trip), the `local/layers` lint rule (imports only go
 down, a module only through its face) and `chunkGuard` in the build (no lazy page on the boot path), plus the
 i18n parity test.
 

frontend/e2e/bookmark.spec.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,259 @@
+import { test, expect, type Browser, type Page } from "@playwright/test";
+import {
+  clickVisibleChannelLink,
+  expectContentType,
+  gotoPage,
+  openApp,
+  openFirstVideo,
+  toggleContentType,
+} from "./helpers";
+
+// The address is the view: a view set through the UI, its address opened as a bookmark — in a NEW
+// browser context, so nothing this tab remembered (its history entries, sessionStorage, the view
+// storage it wrote) can stand in for what the address says. One round trip per page that names its
+// view, tagged with the page (moduleUrl.contract.test holds the tags to the module definitions),
+// plus the overlays the shell opens over any page (the channel page, the player) and the live
+// search. Not Plex: what it shows is the instance's own library, which a test stack may not have.
+
+const STORAGE_STATE = "e2e/.auth/state.json";
+
+/** The page's address, opened as a bookmark in a fresh context of the same account. */
+async function bookmarked(browser: Browser, page: Page, prepare?: (p: Page) => Promise<void>) {
+  const url = page.url();
+  const ctx = await browser.newContext({ storageState: STORAGE_STATE, locale: "en-US" });
+  const fresh = await ctx.newPage();
+  await prepare?.(fresh);
+  await openApp(fresh, url);
+  return fresh;
+}
+
+const tab = (p: Page, name: string) => p.getByRole("tab", { name, exact: true });
+const column = (p: Page, name: string) =>
+  p.getByRole("columnheader", { name: new RegExp(`^${name}`) });
+
+async function gotoAdminPage(page: Page, id: string): Promise<void> {
+  await page.getByTestId("nav-admin").click();
+  await page.getByTestId(`nav-admin-${id}`).click();
+}
+
+test.describe("a bookmark reopens the view it was taken of", () => {
+  test("the feed's filters", { tag: "@feed" }, async ({ page, browser }) => {
+    await openApp(page, "/?page=feed");
+    await toggleContentType(page, "includeLive");
+    await expect(page).toHaveURL(/[?&]live=/);
+    const fresh = await bookmarked(browser, page);
+    await expectContentType(fresh, "includeLive", true);
+    await fresh.context().close();
+  });
+
+  test("Home's time budget", { tag: "@home" }, async ({ page, browser }) => {
+    await openApp(page, "/?page=home");
+    await page.getByRole("button", { name: "An evening", exact: true }).click();
+    await expect(page).toHaveURL(/[?&]hb=long/);
+    const fresh = await bookmarked(browser, page);
+    await expect(fresh.getByRole("button", { name: "An evening", exact: true })).toHaveAttribute(
+      "aria-pressed",
+      "true",
+    );
+    await fresh.context().close();
+  });
+
+  test("a Settings tab", { tag: "@settings" }, async ({ page, browser }) => {
+    await openApp(page, "/?page=feed");
+    await gotoPage(page, "settings");
+    await tab(page, "Notifications").click();
+    const fresh = await bookmarked(browser, page);
+    await expect(tab(fresh, "Notifications")).toHaveAttribute("aria-selected", "true");
+    await fresh.context().close();
+  });
+
+  test("an admin page's tab", { tag: "@users" }, async ({ page, browser }) => {
+    await openApp(page, "/?page=feed");
+    await gotoAdminPage(page, "users");
+    await tab(page, "Access requests").click();
+    const fresh = await bookmarked(browser, page);
+    await expect(tab(fresh, "Access requests")).toHaveAttribute("aria-selected", "true");
+    await fresh.context().close();
+  });
+
+  test("a Configuration group", { tag: "@config" }, async ({ page, browser }) => {
+    await openApp(page, "/?page=feed");
+    await gotoAdminPage(page, "config");
+    const second = page.getByRole("tab").nth(1);
+    const name = (await second.textContent()) ?? "";
+    await second.click();
+    await expect(page).toHaveURL(/[?&]cfgtab=/);
+    const fresh = await bookmarked(browser, page);
+    await expect(fresh.getByRole("tab", { name, exact: true })).toHaveAttribute(
+      "aria-selected",
+      "true",
+    );
+    await fresh.context().close();
+  });
+
+  test("the Activity tab and its time window", { tag: "@activity" }, async ({ page, browser }) => {
+    await openApp(page, "/?page=feed");
+    await gotoAdminPage(page, "activity");
+    await tab(page, "Server log").click();
+    await page.getByRole("button", { name: "30 days", exact: true }).click();
+    await expect(page).toHaveURL(/[?&]aw=30d/);
+    const fresh = await bookmarked(browser, page);
+    await expect(tab(fresh, "Server log")).toHaveAttribute("aria-selected", "true");
+    await expect(fresh.getByRole("button", { name: "30 days", exact: true })).toHaveAttribute(
+      "aria-pressed",
+      "true",
+    );
+    await fresh.context().close();
+  });
+
+  test("a playlist and its sort", { tag: "@playlists" }, async ({ page, browser }) => {
+    await openApp(page, "/?page=feed");
+    await gotoPage(page, "playlists");
+    await expect(column(page, "Title")).toBeVisible();
+    await column(page, "Title").getByRole("button").first().click();
+    await expect(page).toHaveURL(/[?&]plsort=/);
+    const sorted = await column(page, "Title").getAttribute("aria-sort");
+    const fresh = await bookmarked(browser, page);
+    await expect(column(fresh, "Title")).toHaveAttribute("aria-sort", sorted ?? "");
+    expect(new URL(fresh.url()).searchParams.get("pl")).toBe(
+      new URL(page.url()).searchParams.get("pl"),
+    );
+    await fresh.context().close();
+  });
+
+  test(
+    "the Channels manager's tab and name search",
+    { tag: "@channels" },
+    async ({ page, browser }) => {
+      await openApp(page, "/?page=feed");
+      await gotoPage(page, "channels");
+      await tab(page, "Hidden").click();
+      await page.getByPlaceholder("Search channels…").fill("zz");
+      await expect(page).toHaveURL(/zz/); // written once the typing settles
+      const fresh = await bookmarked(browser, page);
+      await expect(tab(fresh, "Hidden")).toHaveAttribute("aria-selected", "true");
+      await expect(fresh.getByPlaceholder("Search channels…")).toHaveValue("zz");
+      await fresh.context().close();
+    },
+  );
+
+  test("the Files search", { tag: "@files" }, async ({ page, browser }) => {
+    await openApp(page, "/?page=feed");
+    await gotoPage(page, "files");
+    await page.getByPlaceholder("Search files…").fill("zz");
+    await expect(page).toHaveURL(/zz/);
+    const fresh = await bookmarked(browser, page);
+    await expect(fresh.getByPlaceholder("Search files…")).toHaveValue("zz");
+    await fresh.context().close();
+  });
+
+  // A file of the test's own, uploaded for it and deleted after, and the account's sort put back:
+  // the account is left as it was found.
+  test(
+    "the Files sort, and the file open in the viewer",
+    { tag: "@files" },
+    async ({ page, browser }) => {
+      await openApp(page, "/?page=feed");
+      const NAME = "bookmark-note";
+      // One a run cut short left behind goes first.
+      const left = (await (await page.request.get("/api/files")).json()) as Record<
+        string,
+        unknown
+      >[];
+      for (const f of left.filter((f) => JSON.stringify(f).includes(`"${NAME}`)))
+        await page.request.delete(`/api/files/${String(f.id)}`);
+      const up = await page.request.post("/api/files/upload", {
+        headers: { "X-Upload-Filename": `${NAME}.txt` },
+        data: Buffer.from("a note the bookmark reopens\n"),
+      });
+      expect(up.ok(), await up.text()).toBeTruthy();
+      const { id } = (await up.json()) as { id: number };
+      // The account's own sort, put back after: a header press cycles it (asc, desc, none), so the
+      // case starts from none, as the address names it, whatever an earlier run left.
+      const me = (await (await page.request.get("/api/me")).json()) as {
+        preferences?: Record<string, unknown>;
+      };
+      const ownSort = me.preferences?.filesSort ?? null;
+      try {
+        await openApp(page, "/?page=files&fsort=none");
+        await column(page, "Name").getByRole("button").first().click();
+        await expect(page).toHaveURL(/[?&]fsort=name/);
+        const sorted = await column(page, "Name").getAttribute("aria-sort");
+        await page.getByText(NAME, { exact: true }).first().click();
+        await expect(page).toHaveURL(new RegExp(`[?&]fview=${id}`));
+        const fresh = await bookmarked(browser, page);
+        await expect(fresh.getByRole("dialog", { name: NAME })).toBeVisible();
+        await fresh.keyboard.press("Escape");
+        await expect(column(fresh, "Name")).toHaveAttribute("aria-sort", sorted ?? "");
+        await fresh.context().close();
+      } finally {
+        await page.request.delete(`/api/files/${id}`);
+        await page.request.put("/api/me/preferences", { data: { filesSort: ownSort } });
+      }
+    },
+  );
+
+  test("a channel page's own tab, over the page it was opened from", async ({ page, browser }) => {
+    await openApp(page, "/?page=feed");
+    await expect(page.getByTestId("video-card").first()).toBeVisible();
+    await clickVisibleChannelLink(page);
+    const title = await page.getByTestId("channel-title").textContent();
+    await tab(page, "About").click();
+    const fresh = await bookmarked(browser, page);
+    await expect(fresh.getByTestId("channel-title")).toHaveText(title ?? "");
+    await expect(tab(fresh, "About")).toHaveAttribute("aria-selected", "true");
+    await fresh.context().close();
+  });
+
+  test("the player and the video it plays", async ({ page, browser }) => {
+    await openApp(page, "/?page=feed");
+    await openFirstVideo(page);
+    await expect(page).toHaveURL(/[?&]watch=/);
+    const watch = new URL(page.url()).searchParams.get("watch");
+    const fresh = await bookmarked(browser, page);
+    await expect(fresh.getByTestId("player-modal")).toBeVisible();
+    expect(new URL(fresh.url()).searchParams.get("watch")).toBe(watch);
+    await fresh.context().close();
+  });
+
+  // The search itself never reaches YouTube here: the answer is the server's shape, served by the
+  // test, and the request it answers is what the address named. The instance's search settings are
+  // pinned too (the free source, switched on): a stack left on the API source reopens the search
+  // waiting for its press, by design, and one with search off offers none.
+  test(
+    "a live YouTube search, its term and its count",
+    { tag: "@feed" },
+    async ({ page, browser }) => {
+      const answer = async (p: Page, seen: string[]) => {
+        await p.route("**/api/me", async (route) => {
+          const me = (await (await route.fetch()).json()) as Record<string, unknown>;
+          return route.fulfill({ json: { ...me, search_source: "scrape", search_enabled: true } });
+        });
+        await p.route("**/api/search/youtube?**", (route) => {
+          seen.push(route.request().url());
+          return route.fulfill({ json: { items: [], next_cursor: null, source: "scrape" } });
+        });
+      };
+      await answer(page, []);
+      await openApp(page, "/?page=feed");
+      await page.getByPlaceholder("Search your subscriptions…").fill("lofi");
+      await page.getByRole("button", { name: "Search YouTube", exact: true }).click();
+      await expect(page.getByText("YouTube results for “lofi”")).toBeVisible();
+      await expect(page).toHaveURL(/[?&]yt=lofi/); // named as it opens, not only once the count is set
+      await page.getByRole("button", { name: "40", exact: true }).click();
+      await expect(page).toHaveURL(/[?&]ytn=40/);
+
+      const seen: string[] = [];
+      const fresh = await bookmarked(browser, page, (p) => answer(p, seen));
+      await expect(fresh.getByText("YouTube results for “lofi”")).toBeVisible();
+      await expect(fresh.getByRole("button", { name: "40", exact: true })).toHaveAttribute(
+        "aria-pressed",
+        "true",
+      );
+      await expect.poll(() => seen.length).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+      const asked = new URL(seen[0]!).searchParams;
+      expect([asked.get("q"), asked.get("limit")]).toEqual(["lofi", "40"]);
+      await fresh.context().close();
+    },
+  );
+});

frontend/e2e/channel.spec.ts

@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ test.describe("channel view", () => {
     // `.first()` here would grab an overscan card ABOVE the viewport, and Playwright's scroll-into-
     // view would move the feed before navigating, so Back would restore that moved position, not
     // the one under test. (This is what made the test fail while the app was in fact correct.)
-    expect(await clickVisibleChannelLink(page)).toBe(true);
+    await clickVisibleChannelLink(page);
     await expect(page.getByTestId("channel-title")).toBeVisible();
     await page.getByTestId("channel-back").click();
     await expect(page.getByTestId("video-card").first()).toBeVisible();

frontend/e2e/global.setup.ts

@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 import { test as setup, expect, type Page } from "@playwright/test";
 import { execFileSync } from "node:child_process";
-import { mkdirSync, readFileSync } from "node:fs";
+import { mkdirSync, readFileSync, writeFileSync } from "node:fs";
 import { dirname, resolve } from "node:path";
 import { fileURLToPath } from "node:url";
-import { MEMBER_STORAGE } from "./helpers";
+import { MEMBER_STORAGE, SEED_FILE } from "./helpers";
 import { retryConnect } from "./retryConnect";
 
 /**
@@ -99,6 +99,8 @@ setup("seed + authenticate", async ({ page, browser }) => {
         { input: readFileSync(SEED_SCRIPT) },
       );
       console.log(`[e2e seed] ${out.toString().trim()}`);
+      // What the seed chose, for the specs that need one of its videos (helpers.seeded).
+      writeFileSync(SEED_FILE, out);
     } catch (err: unknown) {
       const e = err as { stderr?: Buffer; message?: string };
       throw new Error(`E2E seed failed: ${e.stderr?.toString() || e.message}`);

frontend/e2e/helpers.ts

@@ -1,8 +1,18 @@
+import { readFileSync } from "node:fs";
 import { expect, type Page } from "@playwright/test";
 
 /** The plain member's saved session (global.setup.ts signs it in); `member.spec.ts` and
  *  `devices.spec.ts` run from it. */
 export const MEMBER_STORAGE = "e2e/.auth/member.json";
+// The seed's own answer (scripts/e2e_seed.py), written by global.setup: the videos it chose.
+export const SEED_FILE = "e2e/.auth/seed.json";
+
+/** The videos the seed chose for the main account under `key` in its answer. */
+export function seeded(key: string): string[] {
+  const ids = (JSON.parse(readFileSync(SEED_FILE, "utf-8")) as Record<string, unknown>)[key];
+  if (!Array.isArray(ids) || !ids.length) throw new Error(`the seed chose no ${key} videos`);
+  return ids as string[];
+}
 
 /** Open the app and wait for the authenticated shell (the nav rail) to be ready. */
 export async function openApp(page: Page, path = "/"): Promise<void> {
@@ -23,23 +33,41 @@ export async function gotoPage(page: Page, id: string): Promise<void> {
  * that then asserts on where the feed was. Being inside the viewport is not enough either: a card
  * can sit under the page chrome above the scroller (the update banner, the toolbar band), and the
  * covered click makes Playwright scroll and retry — the same move (webkit failed 3 in 24).
- * So the link must be the element hit at its own centre. Returns false if none found.
+ * So the link must be the element hit at its own centre; none within the wait fails the test, with
+ * the poll's own message. Looked for again until one is, not once: a fresh load is still settling
+ * when the first card shows (the links move down ~55px), and webkit can answer the hit test at a
+ * link's new centre with the card under it — every link missed in 1 of 30 runs. A link that goes
+ * away mid-look (its evaluate waits for it, or throws) counts as not hit, so the next look runs.
  */
-export async function clickVisibleChannelLink(page: Page): Promise<boolean> {
+export async function clickVisibleChannelLink(page: Page): Promise<void> {
   const links = page.getByTestId("video-card-channel").filter({ visible: true });
-  const count = await links.count();
-  for (let i = 0; i < count; i++) {
-    const hittable = await links.nth(i).evaluate((el) => {
-      const r = el.getBoundingClientRect();
-      const hit = document.elementFromPoint(r.left + r.width / 2, r.top + r.height / 2);
-      return hit !== null && el.contains(hit);
-    });
-    if (hittable) {
-      await links.nth(i).click();
-      return true;
+  let index = -1;
+  const findHittable = async () => {
+    const count = await links.count();
+    for (let i = 0; i < count; i++) {
+      const hittable = await links
+        .nth(i)
+        .evaluate(
+          (el) => {
+            const r = el.getBoundingClientRect();
+            const hit = document.elementFromPoint(r.left + r.width / 2, r.top + r.height / 2);
+            return hit !== null && el.contains(hit);
+          },
+          undefined,
+          { timeout: 1000 },
+        )
+        .catch(() => false);
+      if (hittable) return i;
     }
-  }
-  return false;
+    return -1;
+  };
+  await expect
+    .poll(async () => (index = await findHittable()), {
+      message: "a channel link hit at its own centre",
+      timeout: 5000,
+    })
+    .toBeGreaterThan(-1);
+  await links.nth(index).click();
 }
 
 /**

frontend/e2e/takeout.spec.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+import { test, expect } from "@playwright/test";
+import { openApp, gotoPage, seeded } from "./helpers";
+
+// Settings › Account › YouTube history: a Google Takeout watch history, uploaded through the real
+// picker, is read, imported in the background, and the section says what it did — a video the
+// catalog knows is marked watched, one it does not know is remembered for later. The seed clears
+// the account's kept Takeout videos each run, but the projects share one account: a later one's
+// import of the same video adds nothing new, so what each adds is counted against what was there
+// before it.
+test("a Takeout watch history uploads, imports, and the section says what it did", async ({
+  page,
+}) => {
+  await openApp(page);
+  await gotoPage(page, "settings");
+  await page.getByRole("tab", { name: "Account" }).click();
+  await expect(page.getByRole("heading", { name: "YouTube history" })).toBeVisible();
+  // The first project's upload is an import already made: its "New import" opens the drop zone.
+  const zone = page.getByRole("button", { name: "Drop the files here, or choose them" });
+  const again = page.getByRole("button", { name: "New import" });
+  await expect(zone.or(again)).toBeVisible();
+  if (await again.isVisible()) await again.click();
+  await expect(zone).toBeVisible();
+  const before = (await (await page.request.get("/api/takeout")).json()) as {
+    watched?: Record<string, number>;
+  };
+  const watchedBefore = before.watched?.watched ?? 0;
+  // A video the catalog knows and the Shorts probe has cleared, chosen by the seed (one not probed
+  // yet would wait for the probe): the next one no earlier project of this run has imported.
+  const known = seeded("takeout_known")[watchedBefore];
+  expect(known, "the seed chose too few videos for every project").toBeTruthy();
+
+  // Watched now: later than any state the seed set, which the import would otherwise leave alone.
+  const now = new Date().toISOString();
+  const history = [
+    { titleUrl: `https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=${known}`, time: now },
+    { titleUrl: "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e2eUnknown0", time: now },
+    {
+      titleUrl: "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e2eAdvert00",
+      time: now,
+      details: [{ name: "From Google Ads" }],
+    },
+  ];
+  const uploaded = page.waitForResponse(
+    (r) => r.url().endsWith("/api/takeout") && r.request().method() === "POST",
+  );
+  await page.locator('input[type="file"][accept=".json,.csv"]').setInputFiles({
+    name: "watch-history.json",
+    mimeType: "application/json",
+    buffer: Buffer.from(JSON.stringify(history)),
+  });
+  expect((await uploaded).ok()).toBeTruthy();
+
+  await expect(page.getByText("watch-history.json: 2 videos read")).toBeVisible();
+  const line = page.getByTestId("takeout-last");
+  await expect(line).toContainText("Last import:");
+  await expect(line).toContainText(`${watchedBefore + 1} watched`);
+  await expect(line).toContainText("1 remembered");
+  await expect(page.getByRole("button", { name: "New import" })).toBeVisible();
+});

frontend/eslint.config.js

@@ -898,7 +898,8 @@ export default tseslint.config(
     plugins: { playwright },
     rules: {
       "playwright/no-focused-test": "error",
-      "playwright/no-skipped-test": "error",
+      // fixme too: a test Playwright never runs, which the bookmark net would still count.
+      "playwright/no-skipped-test": ["error", { disallowFixme: true }],
     },
   },
   {

frontend/src/PlaylistEditFailures.dom.test.tsx

@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ vi.mock("react-i18next", async (importOriginal) => {
 });
 vi.mock("./components/ui/confirmContext", () => ({ useConfirm: () => async () => true }));
 const { notify } = vi.hoisted(() => ({
-  notify: vi.fn((_n: { level: string; message: string }) => 0),
+  notify: vi.fn((_n: { level: string; message: NotifText }) => 0),
 }));
 vi.mock("./lib/notifications", async (importOriginal) => ({
   ...(await importOriginal<typeof import("./lib/notifications")>()),
@@ -34,6 +34,8 @@ import AddToPlaylist, { AddToPlaylistAt } from "./features/video/AddToPlaylist";
 import PlexPlaylistAdd from "./features/plexCards/PlexPlaylistAdd";
 import TagManager from "./features/channel/TagManager";
 import { api, HttpError, type PlexCard } from "./lib/api";
+import { qk } from "./lib/queryKeys";
+import type { NotifText } from "./lib/notifications";
 
 beforeAll(() => {
   class Stub {
@@ -97,7 +99,7 @@ describe("the Plex playlist page", () => {
       () => fireEvent.contextMenu(screen.getByText("Movie 1").closest("[data-nav-index]")!),
       "plex.playlist.removeFromPlaylist",
     );
-    await waitFor(() => expect(errors()).toEqual(["gone playlist"]));
+    await waitFor(() => expect(errors()).toEqual([{ detail: gone("playlist").detailData }]));
     await act(async () => void (await new Promise((r) => setTimeout(r, 20))));
     expect(screen.getByText("Movie 1")).toBeTruthy();
   });
@@ -118,7 +120,7 @@ describe("the Plex playlist page", () => {
     const field = await screen.findByDisplayValue("Films");
     fireEvent.change(field, { target: { value: "Movies" } });
     fireEvent.keyDown(field, { key: "Enter" });
-    await waitFor(() => expect(errors()).toEqual(["gone playlist"]));
+    await waitFor(() => expect(errors()).toEqual([{ detail: gone("playlist").detailData }]));
     expect(screen.getByDisplayValue("Movies")).toBeTruthy(); // still open to try again
   });
 
@@ -153,10 +155,56 @@ describe("the add-to-playlist popover", () => {
     );
     fireEvent.click(screen.getByLabelText("playlists.addToPlaylist"));
     fireEvent.click(await screen.findByRole("menuitemcheckbox", { hidden: true }));
-    await waitFor(() => expect(errors()).toEqual(["gone playlist"]));
+    await waitFor(() => expect(errors()).toEqual([{ detail: gone("playlist").detailData }]));
     await waitFor(() => expect(lists.mock.calls.length).toBeGreaterThan(1));
   });
 
+  // The built-in Watch later list's items ARE the bookmark: ticked here, the video is saved wherever
+  // it is shown (a related list, a live search), and a user list's tick marks nothing.
+  it("marks the video saved when Watch later is ticked, and unsaved when it is unticked", async () => {
+    // The server's side: the lists the video is on, so the refetch after a write agrees with it.
+    const on = new Set<number>();
+    vi.spyOn(api, "playlists").mockImplementation(
+      async () =>
+        [
+          { id: 9, name: "Watch later", kind: "watch_later", has_video: on.has(9) },
+          { id: 3, name: "Mix", kind: "user", has_video: on.has(3) },
+        ] as never,
+    );
+    vi.spyOn(api, "addToPlaylist").mockImplementation(async (id: number) => {
+      on.add(id);
+      return {} as never;
+    });
+    vi.spyOn(api, "removeFromPlaylist").mockImplementation(async (id: number) => {
+      on.delete(id);
+      return {} as never;
+    });
+    const qc = client();
+    const saved = () =>
+      qc.getQueryData<Record<string, { saved?: { value: boolean } }>>(qk.videoMarks())?.v1?.saved
+        ?.value;
+    render(
+      <QueryClientProvider client={qc}>
+        <AddToPlaylist videoId="v1" />
+      </QueryClientProvider>,
+    );
+    fireEvent.click(screen.getByLabelText("playlists.addToPlaylist"));
+    const row = async (name: string) =>
+      (await screen.findAllByRole("menuitemcheckbox", { hidden: true })).find((r) =>
+        r.textContent?.includes(name),
+      )!;
+    fireEvent.click(await row("Mix"));
+    await waitFor(() => expect(api.addToPlaylist).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1));
+    expect(saved()).toBeUndefined();
+    fireEvent.click(await row("playlists.watchLater"));
+    await waitFor(() => expect(saved()).toBe(true));
+    await waitFor(async () =>
+      expect((await row("playlists.watchLater")).getAttribute("aria-checked")).toBe("true"),
+    );
+    fireEvent.click(await row("playlists.watchLater"));
+    await waitFor(() => expect(saved()).toBe(false));
+  });
+
   it("says a failed load of the playlists as one, not as 'no playlists yet'", async () => {
     vi.spyOn(api, "playlists").mockRejectedValue(new Error("down"));
     render(
@@ -235,7 +283,7 @@ describe("the add-to-playlist popover", () => {
     fireEvent.click(await screen.findByText("Gone"));
     // The server's own localized reason wins over the caller's fallback when the detail is
     // STRUCTURED — same as the twin above. What is under test is that anything is said at all.
-    await waitFor(() => expect(errors()).toEqual(["gone playlist"]));
+    await waitFor(() => expect(errors()).toEqual([{ detail: gone("playlist").detailData }]));
     await waitFor(() => expect(lists.mock.calls.length).toBeGreaterThan(1));
   });
 });
@@ -253,7 +301,7 @@ describe("the tag manager", () => {
       </QueryClientProvider>,
     );
     fireEvent.click(await screen.findByLabelText("tagManager.delete"));
-    await waitFor(() => expect(errors()).toEqual(["gone tag"]));
+    await waitFor(() => expect(errors()).toEqual([{ detail: gone("tag").detailData }]));
     await waitFor(() => expect(tags.mock.calls.length).toBeGreaterThan(1));
   });
 });

frontend/src/WriteFailureReporting.dom.test.tsx

@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ vi.mock("react-i18next", async (importOriginal) => {
 });
 vi.mock("./components/ui/confirmContext", () => ({ useConfirm: () => async () => true }));
 const { notify } = vi.hoisted(() => ({
-  notify: vi.fn((_n: { level: string; title?: string; message: string }) => 0),
+  notify: vi.fn((_n: { level: string; title?: NotifText; message: NotifText }) => 0),
 }));
 vi.mock("./lib/notifications", async (importOriginal) => ({
   ...(await importOriginal<typeof import("./lib/notifications")>()),
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@ import PlexCollectionEditor from "./modules/plex/PlexCollectionEditor";
 import UploadDialog from "./modules/files/UploadDialog";
 import DownloadDialog from "./features/downloads/DownloadDialog";
 import { api, HttpError } from "./lib/api";
+import { msg, type NotifText } from "./lib/notifications";
 
 beforeAll(() => {
   class Stub {
@@ -87,7 +88,7 @@ describe("the Plex collection editor", () => {
     );
     mount();
     fireEvent.click(await screen.findByText("Marathon"));
-    await waitFor(() => expect(errors()).toEqual(["plex.collection.editFailed"]));
+    await waitFor(() => expect(errors()).toEqual([msg("plex.collection.editFailed")]));
   });
 
   it("says so when enabling editing is refused", async () => {
@@ -97,7 +98,7 @@ describe("the Plex collection editor", () => {
     );
     mount();
     fireEvent.click(await screen.findByText("plex.collEditor.makeEditable"));
-    await waitFor(() => expect(errors()).toEqual(["plex.collection.editFailed"]));
+    await waitFor(() => expect(errors()).toEqual([msg("plex.collection.editFailed")]));
   });
 
   it("says so when a CONFIRMED delete does not happen", async () => {
@@ -108,7 +109,7 @@ describe("the Plex collection editor", () => {
     );
     mount();
     fireEvent.click(await screen.findByText("plex.collEditor.delete"));
-    await waitFor(() => expect(errors()).toEqual(["plex.collection.deleteFailed"]));
+    await waitFor(() => expect(errors()).toEqual([msg("plex.collection.deleteFailed")]));
   });
 });
 
@@ -144,7 +145,7 @@ describe("the upload dialog", () => {
     mount();
     pick();
     fireEvent.click(screen.getByText("downloads.upload.submit"));
-    await waitFor(() => expect(errors()).toEqual(["downloads.upload.failed"]));
+    await waitFor(() => expect(errors()).toEqual([msg("downloads.upload.failed")]));
   });
 
   it("says nothing when the user cancelled it themselves", async () => {
@@ -172,6 +173,6 @@ describe("the download dialog", () => {
     );
     await screen.findByText("Best");
     fireEvent.click(screen.getByText("downloads.dialog.submit"));
-    await waitFor(() => expect(errors()).toEqual(["errors.writeFailed.enqueueDownload"]));
+    await waitFor(() => expect(errors()).toEqual([msg("errors.writeFailed.enqueueDownload")]));
   });
 });

frontend/src/components/ui/Button.dom.test.tsx

@@ -52,6 +52,18 @@ describe("Button primitive", () => {
     }
   });
 
+  it("a lit cycle paints the pressed look without announcing a toggle", () => {
+    render(
+      <Button variant="overlay" lit>
+        Loop: All
+      </Button>,
+    );
+    const btn = screen.getByRole("button", { name: "Loop: All" });
+    expect(btn.hasAttribute("aria-pressed")).toBe(false);
+    expect(btn.hasAttribute("data-lit")).toBe(true);
+    expect(btn.className).toContain("data-lit:bg-accent");
+  });
+
   it("a toggle announces aria-pressed and paints the pressed state", () => {
     const { rerender } = render(
       <Button variant="outline" pressed={false}>

frontend/src/components/ui/Button.tsx

@@ -30,6 +30,9 @@ interface ButtonOwnProps extends Omit<ButtonHTMLAttributes<HTMLButtonElement>, "
   loading?: boolean;
   /** A toggle: sets aria-pressed and paints the pressed state (the solid accent). */
   pressed?: boolean;
+  /** A mode cycle that is not off: the pressed look without aria-pressed — its name says the mode (a
+   *  cycle is no two-state switch). */
+  lit?: boolean;
   /** Not accepted: a toggle is `pressed` (JSX lets any undeclared `aria-*` through, so it is `never`). */
   "aria-pressed"?: never;
   /** Sits on a picture (a thumbnail, a poster) or inside a pill field: the pill shape. Implied by the
@@ -55,6 +58,7 @@ const ButtonImpl = forwardRef<HTMLButtonElement, ButtonOwnProps>(function Button
     label,
     loading = false,
     pressed,
+    lit,
     round = false,
     fullWidth = false,
     className,
@@ -84,9 +88,10 @@ const ButtonImpl = forwardRef<HTMLButtonElement, ButtonOwnProps>(function Button
       onBlur={onBlur}
       aria-label={label}
       aria-pressed={pressed}
+      data-lit={lit || undefined}
       title={label}
       className={clsx(
-        buttonClass({ variant, size: resolvedSize, round, fullWidth, pressed }),
+        buttonClass({ variant, size: resolvedSize, round, fullWidth, pressed, lit }),
         className,
       )}
       {...rest}

frontend/src/components/ui/DropZone.dom.test.tsx

@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+// @vitest-environment jsdom
+//
+// ui/DropZone: a drop or a pick hands over the files (only the first unless `multiple`), the drag
+// highlight survives the cursor crossing the zone's own children, and a disabled zone takes nothing.
+import { afterEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from "vitest";
+import { cleanup, fireEvent, render, screen } from "@testing-library/react";
+import { DropZone } from "./DropZone";
+
+afterEach(cleanup);
+
+const files = (...names: string[]) => names.map((n) => new File(["x"], n));
+function mount(props: Partial<Parameters<typeof DropZone>[0]> = {}) {
+  const onFiles = vi.fn();
+  render(
+    <DropZone onFiles={onFiles} {...props}>
+      {(over) => <span data-testid="inner">{over ? "over" : "idle"}</span>}
+    </DropZone>,
+  );
+  return { onFiles, zone: screen.getByRole("button"), inner: screen.getByTestId("inner") };
+}
+
+describe("DropZone", () => {
+  it("a drop hands over the first file, or all of them when multiple", () => {
+    const one = mount();
+    fireEvent.drop(one.zone, { dataTransfer: { files: files("a", "b") } });
+    expect(one.onFiles.mock.calls[0]![0].map((f: File) => f.name)).toEqual(["a"]);
+    cleanup();
+    const many = mount({ multiple: true });
+    fireEvent.drop(many.zone, { dataTransfer: { files: files("a", "b") } });
+    expect(many.onFiles.mock.calls[0]![0].map((f: File) => f.name)).toEqual(["a", "b"]);
+  });
+
+  it("a pick hands over the picked files; an empty pick hands over nothing", () => {
+    const { onFiles } = mount({ multiple: true });
+    const input = document.querySelector<HTMLInputElement>('input[type="file"]')!;
+    expect(input.multiple).toBe(true);
+    fireEvent.change(input, { target: { files: [] } });
+    expect(onFiles).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    fireEvent.change(input, { target: { files: files("c") } });
+    expect(onFiles.mock.calls[0]![0].map((f: File) => f.name)).toEqual(["c"]);
+  });
+
+  it("stays highlighted while the cursor crosses its own children, and clears on the last leave", () => {
+    const { zone, inner } = mount();
+    fireEvent.dragEnter(zone);
+    fireEvent.dragEnter(inner); // into a child: the zone gets its leave after this enter
+    fireEvent.dragLeave(zone);
+    expect(inner.textContent).toBe("over");
+    fireEvent.dragLeave(inner);
+    expect(inner.textContent).toBe("idle");
+  });
+
+  it("a disabled zone takes no drop", () => {
+    const { zone, onFiles } = mount({ disabled: true });
+    fireEvent.drop(zone, { dataTransfer: { files: files("a") } });
+    expect(onFiles).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+  });
+
+  it("an invalid zone reads as invalid and points at the reason", () => {
+    const { zone } = mount({ invalid: true, describedBy: "why" });
+    expect(zone.getAttribute("aria-invalid")).toBe("true");
+    expect(zone.getAttribute("aria-describedby")).toBe("why");
+  });
+});

frontend/src/components/ui/DropZone.tsx

@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
+import { useRef, useState, type ReactNode, type Ref } from "react";
+import clsx from "clsx";
+import { Pressable } from "./Pressable";
+
+// A place to drop files onto, which is also the button that opens the native file dialog: the
+// dashed surface an upload starts from. It owns what each such surface needed and the first one
+// got right only after a flicker: dragenter/dragleave fire as the cursor crosses the zone's OWN
+// children (an icon, a line of text), so a plain boolean flickers — enter and leave are counted
+// and the highlight clears at depth 0. The caller draws the inside, told whether a drag is over it.
+export function DropZone({
+  ref,
+  onFiles,
+  multiple = false,
+  accept,
+  disabled = false,
+  invalid = false,
+  describedBy,
+  className,
+  children,
+}: {
+  /** The zone's button, for a caller that moves the focus to it. */
+  ref?: Ref<HTMLButtonElement>;
+  /** The files dropped or picked, never empty. One unless `multiple`. */
+  onFiles: (files: [File, ...File[]]) => void;
+  multiple?: boolean;
+  /** The picker's filter (`<input accept>`); a drop is not filtered by it. */
+  accept?: string;
+  disabled?: boolean;
+  /** What the zone holds is refused: the border turns danger and `describedBy` says why. */
+  invalid?: boolean;
+  describedBy?: string;
+  /** Lays the zone out (its padding); the border and the drag paint are the zone's. */
+  className?: string;
+  children: (dragOver: boolean) => ReactNode;
+}) {
+  const [dragOver, setDragOver] = useState(false);
+  const depth = useRef(0);
+  const inputRef = useRef<HTMLInputElement>(null);
+  const take = (list: FileList | null | undefined) => {
+    const [first, ...rest] = [...(list ?? [])];
+    if (first) onFiles(multiple ? [first, ...rest] : [first]);
+  };
+  return (
+    <>
+      <Pressable
+        ref={ref}
+        align="center"
+        onClick={() => inputRef.current?.click()}
+        onDragEnter={(e) => {
+          e.preventDefault();
+          depth.current += 1;
+          setDragOver(true);
+        }}
+        onDragOver={(e) => e.preventDefault()}
+        onDragLeave={() => {
+          depth.current = Math.max(0, depth.current - 1);
+          if (depth.current === 0) setDragOver(false);
+        }}
+        onDrop={(e) => {
+          e.preventDefault();
+          depth.current = 0;
+          setDragOver(false);
+          if (!disabled) take(e.dataTransfer.files);
+        }}
+        disabled={disabled}
+        // The refusal is tied to the control it invalidates, not left to a one-shot announcement:
+        // the zone reads as invalid and points at the sentence, so a reader who tabs back to it
+        // hears WHY. (Measured, because `aria-invalid` is not in `button`'s ARIA-supported list:
+        // Chromium's accessibility node for a native button does carry `invalid` from it.) The
+        // signal that is NOT colour is the caller's sentence — the border only reinforces it.
+        aria-invalid={invalid}
+        aria-describedby={describedBy}
+        // `dragOver` outranks `invalid`: a drag is transient and the refusal repaints the instant
+        // the drop lands, whereas a zone that stays red under the pointer tells the user their drop
+        // target is dead — in the one state where they are trying to replace the file.
+        className={clsx(
+          "w-full flex flex-col items-center justify-center gap-2 rounded-xl border-2 border-dashed transition disabled:opacity-60",
+          dragOver
+            ? "border-accent bg-accent/5"
+            : invalid
+              ? "border-danger"
+              : "border-border hover:border-fg/40",
+          className,
+        )}
+      >
+        {children(dragOver)}
+      </Pressable>
+      <input
+        ref={inputRef}
+        type="file"
+        className="hidden"
+        multiple={multiple}
+        accept={accept}
+        onChange={(e) => {
+          take(e.target.files);
+          e.target.value = ""; // let re-picking the same file fire onChange again
+        }}
+      />
+    </>
+  );
+}

frontend/src/components/ui/IconButton.dom.test.tsx

@@ -59,6 +59,25 @@ describe("IconButton", () => {
     expect(screen.getByRole("button", { name: "Saved" }).getAttribute("aria-pressed")).toBe("true");
   });
 
+  // A mode cycle (auto-advance, loop) is no two-state switch: it looks on, its name says the mode.
+  it("a lit cycle tints its glyph without announcing a toggle", () => {
+    const { rerender } = render(
+      <IconButton label="Auto: Next" lit>
+        <svg />
+      </IconButton>,
+    );
+    const btn = screen.getByRole("button", { name: "Auto: Next" });
+    expect(btn.hasAttribute("aria-pressed")).toBe(false);
+    expect(btn.hasAttribute("data-lit")).toBe(true);
+    expect(btn.className).toContain("data-lit:text-chosen");
+    rerender(
+      <IconButton label="Auto: Off" lit={false}>
+        <svg />
+      </IconButton>,
+    );
+    expect(btn.hasAttribute("data-lit")).toBe(false);
+  });
+
   it("loading swaps the glyph for a spinner and swallows the click", () => {
     const onClick = vi.fn();
     render(

frontend/src/components/ui/IconButton.tsx

@@ -23,6 +23,9 @@ export interface IconButtonProps
   /** A toggle: sets aria-pressed and tints the glyph with the chosen colour (the accent; the media
    *  amber on the player chrome). */
   pressed?: boolean;
+  /** A mode cycle that is not off: the pressed tint without aria-pressed — its `label` says the mode
+   *  (a cycle is no two-state switch). */
+  lit?: boolean;
   /** Not accepted: a toggle is `pressed` (JSX lets any undeclared `aria-*` through, so it is `never`). */
   "aria-pressed"?: never;
   /** Sits on a picture or inside a pill field: round (A2). Implied by the `media` variant. */
@@ -40,6 +43,7 @@ export const IconButton = forwardRef<HTMLButtonElement, IconButtonProps>(functio
     variant = "ghost",
     size = "sm",
     pressed,
+    lit,
     round = false,
     loading = false,
     noTitle = false,
@@ -56,8 +60,9 @@ export const IconButton = forwardRef<HTMLButtonElement, IconButtonProps>(functio
       busy={loading}
       aria-label={label}
       aria-pressed={pressed}
+      data-lit={lit || undefined}
       title={noTitle ? undefined : label}
-      className={clsx(iconButtonClass({ variant, size, round, pressed }), className)}
+      className={clsx(iconButtonClass({ variant, size, round, pressed, lit }), className)}
       {...rest}
     >
       {loading ? <Loader2 className="animate-spin" /> : children}

frontend/src/components/ui/KeyboardHelp.dom.test.tsx

@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ import KeyboardHelp from "./KeyboardHelp";
 import { useContextMenu } from "./useContextMenu";
 import {
   closeKeyboardHelp,
+  setScopeCoveredProbe,
   useGlobalKeymap,
   useHelpConditions,
   useKeyScope,
@@ -16,7 +17,8 @@ import {
 } from "../../lib/keymap";
 import { pushLayer, removeLayer } from "../../lib/layerStack";
 import { useMediaKeys } from "../../lib/mediaKeys";
-import { useState } from "react";
+import { useRef, useState } from "react";
+import { navItemAttrs, useListNav } from "../../lib/listNav";
 
 vi.mock("react-i18next", async (importOriginal) => {
   const actual = await importOriginal<typeof import("react-i18next")>();
@@ -144,6 +146,67 @@ describe("KeyboardHelp", () => {
     expect(descriptions()).toContain("keys.help");
   });
 
+  // The player's related videos are a list inside the layer: their keys work there (`inTopLayer`), so
+  // the sheet opened over the player lists them — and over a layer with no list, still does not.
+  it("lists the list and menu keys over a layer that holds a list of its own", () => {
+    function LayerList() {
+      const ref = useRef<HTMLDivElement>(null);
+      useListNav(ref, { enabled: true });
+      useContextMenu<string>();
+      return (
+        <div data-testid="layer">
+          <div ref={ref}>
+            <div {...navItemAttrs(0)}>row</div>
+          </div>
+        </div>
+      );
+    }
+    render(
+      <Host>
+        <LayerList />
+      </Host>,
+    );
+    const withList = pushLayer({ root: () => screen.getByTestId("layer") });
+    pressH();
+    expect(descriptions()).toContain("keys.listStep");
+    expect(descriptions()).toContain("keys.contextMenu");
+    act(() => closeKeyboardHelp());
+    removeLayer(withList);
+
+    const bare = pushLayer();
+    pressH();
+    removeLayer(bare);
+    expect(descriptions()).not.toContain("keys.listStep");
+    expect(descriptions()).not.toContain("keys.contextMenu");
+  });
+
+  // The YouTube player's keys wait while a layer sits above it (its related drawer, a dialog): a
+  // sheet opened there leaves them out, and one opened over the player itself lists them.
+  it("leaves out a surface's keys while a layer above it has them waiting", () => {
+    let covered = true;
+    setScopeCoveredProbe("ytPlayer", () => covered);
+    try {
+      render(
+        <Host>
+          <Surface scope="ytPlayer" />
+        </Host>,
+      );
+      const id = pushLayer();
+      pressH();
+      removeLayer(id);
+      expect(descriptions()).not.toContain("keys.playPause");
+      expect(descriptions()).toContain("keys.help");
+      act(() => closeKeyboardHelp());
+      covered = false;
+      pressH();
+      expect(descriptions()).toContain("keys.playPause");
+    } catch (e) {
+      setScopeCoveredProbe("ytPlayer", null);
+      throw e;
+    }
+    setScopeCoveredProbe("ytPlayer", null);
+  });
+
   // Two live context menus (the Playlists page mounts one, its rail another) must not double the row.
   it("lists the context-menu chords once however many surfaces register", () => {
     function WithMenu() {

frontend/src/components/ui/KeyboardHelp.tsx

@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ import {
   useHelpConditionValues,
   useKeyboardHelpOpen,
   useKeyboardHelpOverLayer,
+  useKeyboardHelpCovered,
   useNavigablePages,
 } from "../../lib/keymap";
 
@@ -33,6 +34,7 @@ export default function KeyboardHelp() {
   const scopes = useActiveScopes();
   const conditions = useHelpConditionValues();
   const overLayer = useKeyboardHelpOverLayer();
+  const covered = useKeyboardHelpCovered();
   const pages = useNavigablePages();
 
   if (!open) return null;
@@ -41,11 +43,16 @@ export default function KeyboardHelp() {
   // Opened over a player or a dialog, the page-level keys (`s`, `g …`, `j`/`k`) are quiet — listing
   // them there would promise keys that do nothing until the overlay closes. And a `g` chord is listed
   // only for a module this account can actually reach.
-  // The context-menu key goes too: every `useContextMenu` is a page list, and with an overlay up the
-  // focus Shift+F10 needs is inside the overlay (found in UAT).
-  const live = overLayer
-    ? scopes.filter((s) => !isPageLevelScope(s) && s !== "contextMenu")
-    : scopes;
+  // The context-menu key goes too, with the page's lists. Over a layer that holds a list of its own
+  // (the player's related videos) the list keys and the menu key work on THAT list, so they stay —
+  // but not Delete: no list inside a layer takes it, and a page's remover behind does not reach.
+  const inLayer = (s: (typeof scopes)[number]) =>
+    (!isPageLevelScope(s) && s !== "contextMenu") ||
+    (overLayer === "layerWithList" && (s === "list" || s === "contextMenu"));
+  // A surface under a layer of its own (the player under its related drawer) waits: not listed.
+  const live = (overLayer === "page" ? scopes : scopes.filter(inLayer)).filter(
+    (s) => !covered.has(s),
+  );
   const lines = helpLines(live, pages).filter((l) => !l.when || !!conditions[l.when]);
   const words = { Space: t("keys.cap.space"), ContextMenu: t("keys.cap.menu") };
   return (

frontend/src/components/ui/Modal.dom.test.tsx

@@ -21,9 +21,9 @@ vi.mock("react-i18next", async (importOriginal) => {
 vi.mock("../../lib/history", () => ({ useBackToClose: () => {} }));
 
 import Modal from "./Modal";
-import { clearAll, notify } from "../../lib/notifications";
+import { clearAll, notify, raw } from "../../lib/notifications";
 import { pushLayer, removeLayer, useLayer } from "../../lib/layerStack";
-import { flushSync } from "react-dom";
+import { createPortal, flushSync } from "react-dom";
 
 // Fire a keydown on window (where Modal installs its handler), inside act.
 const press = (key: string, shiftKey = false) =>
@@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ describe("Modal focus trap (offsetParent stubbed 'visible')", () => {
         <Body />
       </Modal>,
     );
-    act(() => void notify({ level: "info", message: "Saved" }));
+    act(() => void notify({ level: "info", message: raw("Saved") }));
     try {
       const dismissToast = screen.getByTitle("notifications.dismiss");
       // The panel's last control is no longer the trap's edge: Tab carries on (natively) to the toast.
@@ -234,7 +234,7 @@ describe("Modal focus trap (offsetParent stubbed 'visible')", () => {
         <Body />
       </Modal>,
     );
-    act(() => void notify({ level: "error", message: "Nope" }));
+    act(() => void notify({ level: "error", message: raw("Nope") }));
     const dismissToast = screen.getByTitle("notifications.dismiss");
     dismissToast.focus();
     expect(document.activeElement).toBe(dismissToast); // the scenario is actually being driven
@@ -311,6 +311,100 @@ describe("Modal focus trap (offsetParent stubbed 'visible')", () => {
     document.body.removeChild(trigger);
   });
 
+  it("hands its trigger to the dialog left standing above it, which restores it on close", () => {
+    // The standing upper dialog captured ITS restore target while the focus was inside the lower
+    // one — a control that is gone once the lower closes. So the lower skipping its own restore
+    // (above) handed the trigger to no one, and closing the upper left the focus on <body>.
+    // The arrangement keyboard help or the error dialog opened over a dialog actually has.
+    const trigger = document.createElement("button");
+    document.body.appendChild(trigger);
+    trigger.focus();
+    function Siblings() {
+      const [lower, setLower] = useState(true);
+      const [upper, setUpper] = useState(false);
+      return (
+        <>
+          {lower && (
+            <Modal initialFocus="close" title="lower" onClose={() => {}}>
+              <button onClick={() => setUpper(true)}>open upper</button>
+              <button onClick={() => setLower(false)}>close lower</button>
+            </Modal>
+          )}
+          {upper && (
+            <Modal initialFocus="close" title="upper" onClose={() => {}}>
+              <button onClick={() => setUpper(false)}>close upper</button>
+            </Modal>
+          )}
+        </>
+      );
+    }
+    render(<Siblings />);
+    screen.getByText("open upper").focus();
+    act(() => void screen.getByText("open upper").click()); // opened from inside the lower dialog
+    const inUpper = screen.getByText("close upper");
+    inUpper.focus();
+    // The lower closes on its own under the standing upper (`.click()` moves no focus).
+    act(() => void screen.getByText("close lower").click());
+    expect(screen.queryByText("close lower")).toBeNull();
+    expect(document.activeElement).toBe(inUpper);
+    act(() => void inUpper.click());
+    expect(document.activeElement).toBe(trigger);
+    document.body.removeChild(trigger);
+  });
+
+  it("restores the trigger when it closes with the focus in one of its menus", () => {
+    // The popover engine portals a menu out of the dialog's root (it carries no aria-modal), so a
+    // focus on a menu row read as "the user walked away": Back with a menu open inside a dialog
+    // left the focus on <body>. The portal marker is the one `ui/AnchoredPopover` reads too.
+    const trigger = document.createElement("button");
+    document.body.appendChild(trigger);
+    trigger.focus();
+    const portal = document.createElement("div");
+    portal.setAttribute("data-floating-ui-portal", "");
+    document.body.appendChild(portal);
+    const { unmount } = render(
+      <Modal initialFocus="close" title="t" onClose={() => {}}>
+        <Body />
+        {createPortal(<button>menu-row</button>, portal)}
+      </Modal>,
+    );
+    screen.getByText("menu-row").focus();
+    unmount();
+    expect(document.activeElement).toBe(trigger);
+    document.body.removeChild(trigger);
+    document.body.removeChild(portal);
+  });
+
+  it("does not pull the focus out of a menu that stays open when it closes on its own", () => {
+    // The other side of counting a menu row as held: a menu that is NOT this dialog's — a page's
+    // "…" left open while a dialog finishes in the background — stays standing, and a dialog that
+    // closes on its own (a write's success) must not take the focus from it to its trigger.
+    const trigger = document.createElement("button");
+    document.body.appendChild(trigger);
+    trigger.focus();
+    const portal = document.createElement("div");
+    portal.setAttribute("data-floating-ui-portal", "");
+    const row = document.createElement("button");
+    row.textContent = "page-menu-row";
+    portal.appendChild(row);
+    document.body.appendChild(portal);
+    function SelfClosing() {
+      const [open, setOpen] = useState(true);
+      return open ? (
+        <Modal initialFocus="close" title="t" onClose={() => {}}>
+          <button onClick={() => setOpen(false)}>finish</button>
+        </Modal>
+      ) : null;
+    }
+    render(<SelfClosing />);
+    row.focus();
+    act(() => void screen.getByText("finish").click()); // `.click()` moves no focus
+    expect(screen.queryByText("finish")).toBeNull();
+    expect(document.activeElement).toBe(row);
+    document.body.removeChild(trigger);
+    document.body.removeChild(portal);
+  });
+
   it("leaves the focus alone when the user moved it out of the dialog themselves", () => {
     // The other half of the same rule, and the branch nothing drove: taking focus back from where
     // the user deliberately put it is the rudest thing a closing dialog can do.
@@ -361,7 +455,7 @@ describe("Modal — toasts raised while it is open", () => {
         <Body />
       </Modal>,
     );
-    act(() => void notify({ level: "error", message: "Couldn't share it." }));
+    act(() => void notify({ level: "error", message: raw("Couldn't share it.") }));
     expect(screen.getByRole("dialog").textContent).toContain("Couldn't share it.");
   });
 });

frontend/src/components/ui/Modal.tsx

@@ -65,6 +65,7 @@ export default function Modal({
   placement = "center",
   initialFocus,
   headerActions,
+  url,
 }: {
   title: ReactNode;
   initialFocus: ModalFocus;
@@ -81,10 +82,14 @@ export default function Modal({
   placement?: "center" | "drawer" | "drawer-start" | "top";
   /** Controls beside the ✕ in the header (a side panel's pin and customize, C2). */
   headerActions?: ReactNode;
+  /** What the dialog names in the address while it is open, when it is part of the view (a viewer, a
+   *  player): written into its own history entry, so a reload or a bookmark reopens it and Back lands
+   *  on the address without it (lib/history). */
+  url?: Record<string, string | null>;
 }) {
   const { t } = useTranslation();
   // Browser/mouse Back closes the topmost modal instead of navigating away.
-  useBackToClose(onClose);
+  useBackToClose(onClose, url);
   // ONE container element for the dialog's whole life, re-parented between <body> and the fullscreen
   // element — and attached before the children commit, so an `autoFocus` child
   // still gets the focus. Both rules live in the hook; `ui/AnchoredPopover` shares it.
@@ -147,7 +152,7 @@ export default function Modal({
   // An effect event, so a new handler each render never re-registers: the stack id is assigned once per mount.
   const close = useEffectEvent(onClose);
   useEffect(() => {
-    const id = pushLayer();
+    const id = pushLayer({ root: () => rootRef.current });
     const onKey = (e: KeyboardEvent) => {
       if (takeEscape(e, id)) {
         e.stopPropagation();

frontend/src/components/ui/PageScroller.dom.test.tsx

@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ vi.mock("react-i18next", async (importOriginal) => {
 import PageScroller from "./PageScroller";
 import BackToTop from "./BackToTop";
 import { notifyNav } from "../../lib/history";
+import { revealedNavItem } from "../../lib/listNav";
 
 beforeAll(() => {
   // useScrollFade wires a ResizeObserver (watch-the-children); jsdom ships none.
@@ -125,6 +126,38 @@ describe("PageScroller scroll memory", () => {
     expect(main.scrollTop).toBe(450);
   });
 
+  // Back focuses an item the restore did not expect — one that moved to another list while the page
+  // was away — and scrolls it into view: the restore's next frame put the old offset back over it.
+  it("gives the page up to an item brought into view while it restores", () => {
+    let frames: FrameRequestCallback[] = [];
+    vi.stubGlobal("requestAnimationFrame", (cb: FrameRequestCallback) => frames.push(cb));
+    const flush = (n: number) => {
+      for (let i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+        const run = frames;
+        frames = [];
+        for (const cb of run) cb(0);
+      }
+    };
+    setEntry(1);
+    const { container } = render(
+      <PageScroller scrollKey="e:k1">
+        <div id="moved" />
+      </PageScroller>,
+    );
+    const main = sizedMain(container);
+    main.scrollTop = 450;
+    fireEvent.scroll(main);
+    setEntry(2);
+    notifyNav();
+    flush(1);
+    setEntry(1);
+    notifyNav(); // Back: the restore to 450 waits for its first frame
+    main.scrollTop = 120; // the item scrolled into view
+    revealedNavItem(container.querySelector("#moved")!);
+    flush(5);
+    expect(main.scrollTop).toBe(120);
+  });
+
   // Landing at the end shows Back to top, whose spacer then brings the spot within reach.
   it("finishes the way to a spot the spacer brings within reach after it lands", () => {
     let frames: FrameRequestCallback[] = [];

frontend/src/components/ui/PageScroller.tsx

@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ import { StickyTopProvider } from "./stickyTop";
 import { useBackToTopShown, useCornerLift } from "./backToTopState";
 import { CONTENT_ID } from "./landmarks";
 import { ensureNavId, peekNavId, subscribeNav } from "../../lib/history";
+import { NAV_REVEAL_EVENT } from "../../lib/listNav";
 
 // Saved scroll offsets, keyed by `${historyEntryId}:${scrollKey}`. The entry id ties an offset to the
 // exact history entry, so Back restores where you left it and a forward navigation (a new entry) opens
@@ -63,11 +64,15 @@ function restoreScroll(el: HTMLElement, top: number): () => void {
     el.removeEventListener("wheel", stop);
     el.removeEventListener("touchstart", stop);
     el.removeEventListener("pointerdown", stop);
+    el.removeEventListener(NAV_REVEAL_EVENT, stop);
     document.removeEventListener("keydown", stop, true);
   };
   el.addEventListener("wheel", stop, { passive: true });
   el.addEventListener("touchstart", stop, { passive: true });
   el.addEventListener("pointerdown", stop);
+  // So does an item the keyboard brought into view (`lib/listNav`): Back focusing one that is not
+  // where the restored offset shows.
+  el.addEventListener(NAV_REVEAL_EVENT, stop);
   document.addEventListener("keydown", stop, true);
   const tick = () => {
     if (cancelled) return;

frontend/src/components/ui/README.md

@@ -35,13 +35,13 @@ Counter-examples, deliberately NOT here: `PosterTile` (knows about Plex montage
 
 ## What lives here
 
-| area                   | components                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    |
-| ---------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
-| overlays & anchoring   | `AnchoredPopover` + `anchoredPopoverHooks` (the popover engine: arrows, typeahead, Escape, anchor-flip), `ActionMenu`, `MembershipMenu` (the body of a "which sets is it in" menu: checkbox rows + a field naming a new set), `ContextMenu` + `useContextMenu` (the SAME menu, opened by right-click / long-press / Shift+F10 / a row's `MoreButton` "…" via `buttonProps`; `anchor` for a panel a row opens; `PageMenu` for a page's background menu), `Modal` (+ `ModalFooter`; `initialFocus` by purpose, C4), `Overlay`, `SidePanel`, `Tooltip`, `Toaster` (+ `toastLevels`, `overlayOrder`; `lib/toastDock` docks one control under the stack, in every host), `CommandPalette`, `KeyboardHelp`, `ConfirmProvider` + `confirmContext` (`useConfirm` / `useChoice`: the app's promise-based confirm, mounted once at the root; a decision with more than two outcomes is one `useChoice`, never two chained confirms), `dialogFocus` (the focus half of the dialog contract: `Modal`'s, and the wizard's own shell), `menuGroups` (one menu from its groups, a rule only between non-empty ones), `pageMenuSlot` + `pageMenuItems` (a page's background menu, mirroring its own toolbar)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  |
-| actions & inputs       | `Button`, `IconButton`, `Pressable` (`selectable` when its text is a title or a name), `Chip` + `chipStyles`, `DragHandle` + `OrderButtons` / `useOrderItems` (the non-drag reorder, WCAG 2.5.7) (one per button family, docs/DESIGN.md; a raw `<button>` or a bare `FocusSafeButton` outside the control primitives — eslint `BUTTON_PRIMITIVES` — is a lint error), `Input` + `fieldStyles`, `RenameField` (a name typed in place of the name: Enter or blur saves, Escape cancels; the caller hands the keyboard back), `Meter` (how full something is against a limit — one danger line for every place showing the same measure), `TimecodeField` + `useTimecodeField` / `TimecodeError` (a cut's time typed in: the draft, held by the caller, until Enter or blur takes it, then the value as it landed; unreadable stays once offered, marked invalid, and the caller places the line saying how to type one in its flow, outside a label; a draft goes when the value moves under it), `NativeControls`, `MenuCheck` (the drawn check of a menu row or a whole-row checkbox button; its tick is the `chosen` colour, which `media-marks` turns amber on the player chrome), `mediaChrome` (`MEDIA_CHOSEN`, a chosen tab or toggle on the chrome), `SelectTrigger` (the field family; a raw `<input>` is a lint error), `useReturnFocus`, `surfaces` (the B5 glass roles; a bare glass class is a lint error), `Badge` (a static label), `LinkButton` / `IconLink` (a link wearing the button face) over `buttonStyles`, `Skeleton` (B8 first loads, through `LoadingState shape`), `NavRail` (B7; `NavRailGroup` folds a set of rare pages into one row with a panel), `form`, `DraftSaveBar`, `Combobox`, `FilterSelect`, `SegmentedToggle`, `SortControl`, `ColumnSortControl`, `PriorityStepper`, `UndoToolbar`, `ViewSwitcher` (a list's display modes behind one toolbar icon), `copyItems` (`useCopyItems`: the "Copy title" / "Copy link" rows every object's menu ends with) + `useCopyFeedback` (a Copy button's "Copied" moment), `MatchToggle` (a multi-value filter's any/all switch), `LanguageSwitcher` (presentational: the caller decides what a change does), `sortableA11y` (what a screen reader hears during a keyboard reorder) |
-| data display           | `DataTable` (+ `progressiveRows`: a long page mounts in steps), `tableHeader` + `tableAlign`, `HiddenFilterCue` (names a filter whose column is off screen), `Pager` + `pagerContent`, `VirtualGrid` + `gridColumns` (the column/width maths, incl. the ultrawide `maxCols` cap), `readAhead`, `Carousel`, `MediaCard` + `mediaCardStyles` (the one media card, docs/DESIGN.md "Media card") + `MediaPreview` / `useMediaPreview` (its mouse-rest preview), `NavGrid` (a plain grid, list or table body the keyboard walks — `DataTable`, `VirtualGrid` and `Carousel` take `keyboardNav`), `RemoteImage` (every network picture: no Referer, retries past the negative cache, a fallback instead of the broken-image mark — a bare `<img>` is linted out), `Avatar`, `CountBadge`, `ItemCount`, `FilterChipGroup`, `RelativeTime` ("3d ago" with the exact minute on hover, docs/DESIGN.md "Copy"), `ClampedText` (a long text clamped to a few lines; More / Less only when it is cut), `StatTiles` + `StatTile` / `StatBars` (number tiles, a breakdown as horizontal bars), `RangeTrack` + `trackPosition` + `RulerTicks` (a time track over a window of a media item: regions, slider ends the arrows step, a playhead, a background slot — the editor's cuts, the players' clip panel), `CropFrame` (a crop frame over a picture, on the picture and not its bars: drag, edges, corners, the arrows; the editor's crop, the players' clip crop), `reveal` (a card's hover chrome: hover or keyboard focus on a mouse, never on touch)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   |
-| page & panel structure | `PageShell` + `pageToolbarSlot` + `pageHeaderSlot` (`PageHeader`: a page fills the floating header) + `pageHeading`, `PageScroller`, `Headings` (`PageHeading`, `SectionLabel`), `SkipLink` + `landmarks`, `FilterFold` (B4), `scrollFold` (`useScrollFold`: a fixed header that folds once its content scrolls), `PanelGroup`, `PanelGroups`, `Tabs` + `tabPanel`, `BackToTop` + `backToTopState` (PageScroller keeps the page's end clear of it), `FilterRail` (the filter-rail shell a rail fills with its groups: title bar, customize, reset), `stickyTop` (a sticky header at the scroller's top turns its top fade off)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                |
-| state & messaging      | `QueryState`, `Banner`, `InlineNotice`, `CrashBoundary`                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       |
+| area                   | components                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            |
+| ---------------------- | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
+| overlays & anchoring   | `AnchoredPopover` + `anchoredPopoverHooks` (the popover engine: arrows, typeahead, Escape, anchor-flip), `ActionMenu`, `MembershipMenu` (the body of a "which sets is it in" menu: checkbox rows + a field naming a new set), `ContextMenu` + `useContextMenu` (the SAME menu, opened by right-click / long-press / Shift+F10 / a row's `MoreButton` "…" via `buttonProps`; `anchor` for a panel a row opens; `PageMenu` for a page's background menu), `Modal` (+ `ModalFooter`; `initialFocus` by purpose, C4), `Overlay`, `SidePanel`, `Tooltip`, `Toaster` (+ `toastLevels`, `overlayOrder`; `lib/toastDock` docks one control under the stack, in every host), `CommandPalette`, `KeyboardHelp`, `ConfirmProvider` + `confirmContext` (`useConfirm` / `useChoice`: the app's promise-based confirm, mounted once at the root; a decision with more than two outcomes is one `useChoice`, never two chained confirms), `dialogFocus` (the focus half of the dialog contract: `Modal`'s, and the wizard's own shell), `menuGroups` (one menu from its groups, a rule only between non-empty ones), `pageMenuSlot` + `pageMenuItems` (a page's background menu, mirroring its own toolbar)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          |
+| actions & inputs       | `Button`, `IconButton`, `Pressable` (`selectable` when its text is a title or a name), `Chip` + `chipStyles`, `DragHandle` + `OrderButtons` / `useOrderItems` (the non-drag reorder, WCAG 2.5.7) (one per button family, docs/DESIGN.md; a raw `<button>` or a bare `FocusSafeButton` outside the control primitives — eslint `BUTTON_PRIMITIVES` — is a lint error), `Input` + `fieldStyles`, `RenameField` (a name typed in place of the name: Enter or blur saves, Escape cancels; the caller hands the keyboard back), `DropZone` (the dashed place a file upload starts from: a drop, or a click that opens the file dialog), `Meter` (how full something is against a limit — one danger line for every place showing the same measure), `TimecodeField` + `useTimecodeField` / `TimecodeError` (a cut's time typed in: the draft, held by the caller, until Enter or blur takes it, then the value as it landed; unreadable stays once offered, marked invalid, and the caller places the line saying how to type one in its flow, outside a label; a draft goes when the value moves under it), `NativeControls`, `MenuCheck` (the drawn check of a menu row or a whole-row checkbox button; its tick is the `chosen` colour, which `media-marks` turns amber on the player chrome), `mediaChrome` (`MEDIA_CHOSEN`, a chosen tab or toggle on the chrome), `SelectTrigger` (the field family; a raw `<input>` is a lint error), `useReturnFocus`, `surfaces` (the B5 glass roles; a bare glass class is a lint error), `Badge` (a static label), `LinkButton` / `IconLink` (a link wearing the button face) over `buttonStyles`, `Skeleton` (B8 first loads, through `LoadingState shape`), `NavRail` (B7; `NavRailGroup` folds a set of rare pages into one row with a panel), `form`, `DraftSaveBar`, `Combobox`, `FilterSelect`, `SegmentedToggle`, `SortControl`, `ColumnSortControl`, `PriorityStepper`, `UndoToolbar`, `ViewSwitcher` (a list's display modes behind one toolbar icon), `copyItems` (`useCopyItems`: the "Copy title" / "Copy link" rows every object's menu ends with) + `useCopyFeedback` (a Copy button's "Copied" moment), `MatchToggle` (a multi-value filter's any/all switch), `LanguageSwitcher` (presentational: the caller decides what a change does), `sortableA11y` (what a screen reader hears during a keyboard reorder) |
+| data display           | `DataTable` (+ `progressiveRows`: a long page mounts in steps), `tableHeader` + `tableAlign`, `HiddenFilterCue` (names a filter whose column is off screen), `Pager` + `pagerContent`, `VirtualGrid` + `gridColumns` (the column/width maths, incl. the ultrawide `maxCols` cap), `readAhead`, `Carousel`, `MediaCard` + `mediaCardStyles` (the one media card, docs/DESIGN.md "Media card") + `MediaPreview` / `useMediaPreview` (its mouse-rest preview), `NavGrid` (a plain grid, list or table body the keyboard walks — `DataTable`, `VirtualGrid` and `Carousel` take `keyboardNav`), `RemoteImage` (every network picture: no Referer, retries past the negative cache, a fallback instead of the broken-image mark — a bare `<img>` is linted out), `Avatar`, `CountBadge`, `ItemCount`, `FilterChipGroup`, `RelativeTime` ("3d ago" with the exact minute on hover, docs/DESIGN.md "Copy"), `ClampedText` (a long text clamped to a few lines; More / Less only when it is cut), `StatTiles` + `StatTile` / `StatBars` (number tiles, a breakdown as horizontal bars), `RangeTrack` + `trackPosition` + `RulerTicks` (a time track over a window of a media item: regions, slider ends the arrows step, a playhead, a background slot — the editor's cuts, the players' clip panel), `CropFrame` (a crop frame over a picture, on the picture and not its bars: drag, edges, corners, the arrows; the editor's crop, the players' clip crop), `reveal` (a card's hover chrome: hover or keyboard focus on a mouse, never on touch)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           |
+| page & panel structure | `PageShell` + `pageToolbarSlot` + `pageHeaderSlot` (`PageHeader`: a page fills the floating header) + `pageHeading`, `PageScroller`, `Headings` (`PageHeading`, `SectionLabel`), `SkipLink` + `landmarks`, `FilterFold` (B4), `scrollFold` (`useScrollFold`: a fixed header that folds once its content scrolls), `PanelGroup`, `PanelGroups`, `Tabs` + `tabPanel`, `BackToTop` + `backToTopState` (PageScroller keeps the page's end clear of it), `FilterRail` (the filter-rail shell a rail fills with its groups: title bar, customize, reset), `stickyTop` (a sticky header at the scroller's top turns its top fade off)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        |
+| state & messaging      | `QueryState`, `Banner`, `InlineNotice`, `CrashBoundary`                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               |
 
 ## The size contract (E10 S1c)
 

frontend/src/components/ui/Tabs.tsx

@@ -10,8 +10,9 @@ import { MEDIA_CHOSEN } from "./mediaChrome";
 // Below it a side rail leaves a phone too little width for the content beside it (measured at 390 px:
 // the rail clipped its own labels and Settings → Account pushed its buttons over their text), so there
 // it is a horizontal row that scrolls. A page whose sub-tab is worth keeping persists it with
-// lib/storage's useTabPersistedState (per browser tab: Admin Users, Config, Settings, Stats):
-// a reload keeps the user where they were, and a fresh tab opens on the first sub-tab. Not every
+// lib/storage's useTabPersistedState (per browser tab: Admin Users, Config, Settings) and names it in
+// the address: a reload keeps the user where they were, a link opens its tab, and a fresh tab opens on
+// the first sub-tab. Not every
 // caller: the channel manager's view is account-wide (ChannelsProvider), and Downloads, a channel page
 // and the player settings start on their first tab each time.
 //