release: 0.114.3 (improvement/e49-refusal-contract)

A refusal's detail now stands where it is sent (HTTPException's detail,
a JSONResponse's "detail") or is returned by a factory that only ever is,
with any spread before its code and reason, so no spread can replace
them. The scan follows no variable and no kwargs any more; what it cannot
read in a reason (a lambda's or comprehension's name, a nonlocal or
global, a local that reaches itself, a constant or map changed elsewhere,
an app import it cannot resolve) is reported. The detail guard reads the
same slots and fails on anything but a code dict or a factory's call.

CHANGELOG.md

@@ -7,6 +7,35 @@ edit the release notes and re-run the generator.
 
 Upgrading, pinning a version and rolling back: [docs/self-hosting.md](docs/self-hosting.md#upgrading).
 
+## 0.114.3 — 2026-11-01
+
+### Fixed
+
+- Editing a file that is neither video nor audio now says why it can't be done, instead of a generic error.
+
+## 0.114.2 — 2026-10-30
+
+### Fixed
+
+- Security: a library the sign-in relies on is updated, closing two published vulnerabilities.
+
+## 0.114.1 — 2026-10-30
+
+### Fixed
+
+- Notifications follow a language switch: a notice on screen and every row in the notification center are said again in the new language, their buttons too.
+
+## 0.114.0 — 2026-10-29
+
+### New
+
+- Notifications: what asks for you comes first, then everything else as one stream, newest first. Read notices older than a week fold under Earlier, and Back returns to the row you left.
+
+### Fixed
+
+- Plex: a progress save sent just before an episode ends no longer leaves it unwatched, and a refused finish no longer sticks.
+- After a dialog closes, the keyboard focus returns to where it was, also inside a menu that stays open.
+
 ## 0.113.0 — 2026-10-28
 
 ### New

CLAUDE.md

@@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ CQRS, a repository/DI framework, a router library, a generic CRUD-router factory
 | Ownership check                      | `userscope.owned_by` (a filter) / `owned_row` (a row by id): a unit's `queries.own_x` returns None and its route answers `not_found`; a core route `owned_or_404`. A composite rule (own or shared, built-in or own) says so in its `queries` | an inline owner filter — `Model.user_id == …`, an alias's, `.in_()`, `filter_by(user_id=…)` (fence-held, every module) — or a `db.get` and a compare where `owned_row` fits                 |
 | Admin gate import                    | `app.auth`                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    | the `app.routes.admin` re-export                                                                                                                                                            |
 | Upstream failure status              | `422` with JSON detail                                                                                                                                                                                                                        | `502` (reserve 502 for raw byte-proxies)                                                                                                                                                    |
-| User-facing error                    | structured `detail` (`{code, reason}`)                                                                                                                                                                                                        | a bare English string under a bilingual UI                                                                                                                                                  |
+| User-facing error                    | structured `detail` (`{code, reason}`), its sentence named in `lib/api/refusalCodes.ts` (contract-held)                                                                                                                                       | a bare English string under a bilingual UI                                                                                                                                                  |
 | Mutation response                    | `{"ok": true, …}` (`{"deleted": id}`), test-held                                                                                                                                                                                              | a bare `{"unsubscribed"}`/`{"cleared": n}`, no `ok`                                                                                                                                         |
 | Transaction commit                   | the handler commits; a unit's `service` and every helper `flush` (fence-held, every module)                                                                                                                                                   | a helper that commits — only a listed one (what owns its session, or a core step that must land whatever its caller does next), each with its reason: the fence's `UNIT_COMMITS` / `CORE_COMMITS`, a route's `COMMITTING_HELPERS` (`test_route_conventions`) |
 | Admin knob storage                   | `sysconfig` (values)                                                                                                                                                                                                                          | env / `app_state` / a table of its own (the job intervals had one)                                                                                                                          |

VERSION

@@ -1 +1 @@
-0.113.0
+0.114.3

backend/app/downloads/clip.py

@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ import json
 import math
 import re
 from pathlib import Path
+from typing import Literal
 
 from app.downloads.edit import AAC_ARGS, EVEN_FRAME, INPUT_GUARD, X264_ARGS
 from app.plex.sync import HDR_TRANSFERS
@@ -57,12 +58,27 @@ _CROP_ASPECTS = (0.25, 4.0)
 _EDGE_SLACK = 1e-3
 
 
+# Every reason a clip is refused; the UI names each one (`clip.errors.<reason>`, held by the frontend's
+# backendIds contract, which reads this Literal).
+ClipReason = Literal[
+    "bad_source",
+    "bad_range",
+    "too_short",
+    "too_long",
+    "bad_audio",
+    "bad_crop",
+    "not_found",
+    "media_missing",
+    "past_end",
+]
+
+
 class ClipError(Exception):
     """A clip request that cannot be cut; `reason` is an i18n-mappable key, `params` the numbers its
     message names (the cap itself, so the client never says a stale one)."""
 
-    def __init__(self, reason: str, **params: float):
+    def __init__(self, reason: ClipReason, **params: float):
-        self.reason = reason
+        self.reason: ClipReason = reason
         self.params = params
         super().__init__(reason)
 

backend/app/downloads/credentials.py

@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@ Security controls enforced here:
 
 import os
 from pathlib import Path
+from typing import Literal
 
 from sqlalchemy import select
 from sqlalchemy.orm import Session
@@ -163,9 +164,18 @@ def get_credential(db: Session, user_id: int, host_key: str) -> DownloadCredenti
     ).scalar_one_or_none()
 
 
+# Every reason a pasted cookies.txt is refused; the UI names each one (`downloads.errors.cookies.<reason>`,
+# held by the frontend's backendIds contract, which reads this Literal).
+CookieReason = Literal["empty", "format"]
+
+
 class InvalidCookies(ValueError):
     """The pasted cookies aren't a usable Netscape cookies.txt — surfaced as a 400 by the route."""
 
+    def __init__(self, reason: CookieReason):
+        super().__init__(reason)
+        self.reason: CookieReason = reason
+
 
 def validate_cookies(raw: str) -> str:
     """Sanity-check a pasted cookies.txt (Netscape format) and return the cleaned text. yt-dlp reads

backend/app/downloads/folders.py

@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ kept it — and its `ready_at`, the moment it finished (`stamp_done`).
 
 from datetime import datetime, timedelta, timezone
 from enum import StrEnum
+from typing import Literal
 from urllib.parse import urlsplit
 
 from sqlalchemy import select
@@ -181,12 +182,22 @@ def stamp_done(db: Session, job: DownloadJob) -> None:
     job.expiry_warned = False
 
 
+# Every folder change the rules refuse, answered as a generic refusal; the UI names each one
+# (`errors.refused.<reason>`, held by the frontend's backendIds contract, which reads this Literal).
+FolderReason = Literal[
+    "file_folder_gone",
+    "file_folder_name_taken",
+    "file_folder_not_its_source",
+    "file_folder_not_own",
+]
+
+
 class FolderError(Exception):
     """A folder change the rules refuse; `reason` is the refusal the route answers with."""
 
-    def __init__(self, reason: str) -> None:
+    def __init__(self, reason: FolderReason) -> None:
         super().__init__(reason)
-        self.reason = reason
+        self.reason: FolderReason = reason
 
 
 def own_folder(db: Session, user_id: int, folder_id: int, *, hold: bool = True) -> FileFolder:

backend/app/downloads/quota.py

@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ their output's real size before it is placed. Edit jobs do not consult it at all
 """
 
 from dataclasses import dataclass
+from typing import Literal
 
 from sqlalchemy import and_, func, or_, select
 from sqlalchemy.orm import Session
@@ -50,11 +51,16 @@ class QuotaLimits:
     unlimited: bool
 
 
-class QuotaExceeded(Exception):
+# Every cap a download can hit; the UI names each one (`downloads.errors.quota.<reason>`, held by the
-    """Raised by check_enqueue; `reason` is one of max_jobs|max_bytes (i18n key on the client)."""
+# frontend's backendIds contract, which reads this Literal).
+QuotaReason = Literal["max_jobs", "max_bytes"]
 
-    def __init__(self, reason: str, limit: int, current: int):
+
-        self.reason = reason
+class QuotaExceeded(Exception):
+    """Raised by check_enqueue; `reason` names the cap it hit (an i18n key on the client)."""
+
+    def __init__(self, reason: QuotaReason, limit: int, current: int):
+        self.reason: QuotaReason = reason
         self.limit = limit
         self.current = current
         super().__init__(f"download quota exceeded: {reason} ({current}/{limit})")

backend/app/downloads/service.py

@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ handler); the folder, link and quota writes are `folders`, `links` and `quota`.
 
 import uuid
 from datetime import datetime, timezone
+from typing import Literal
 
 from sqlalchemy import delete as delete_rows
 from sqlalchemy import func, select, update
@@ -39,11 +40,16 @@ from app.plex import paths as plex_paths
 from app.userscope import owned_by, owned_row
 
 
-class EditError(Exception):
+# Every reason an edit is refused; the UI names each one (`downloads.errors.edit.<reason>`, held by
-    """Bad edit request (empty spec / source not ready); `reason` is an i18n-mappable key."""
+# the frontend's backendIds contract, which reads this Literal).
+EditReason = Literal["source_not_ready", "not_media", "empty_edit"]
 
-    def __init__(self, reason: str):
+
-        self.reason = reason
+class EditError(Exception):
+    """Bad edit request (empty spec / source not ready / not media); `reason` names the sentence."""
+
+    def __init__(self, reason: EditReason):
+        self.reason: EditReason = reason
         super().__init__(reason)
 
 

backend/app/downloads/urlguard.py

@@ -33,24 +33,33 @@ user-controlled destination to guard.
 
 import ipaddress
 import socket
+from typing import Literal
 from urllib.parse import urlparse
 
 # Reason codes travel to the client inside the structured 422 detail, so they are part of the API
-# vocabulary (frontend `localizeDetail`) — keep them stable.
+# vocabulary — keep them stable. The UI names each one (`downloads.errors.urlBlocked.<reason>`, held by
-REASON_SCHEME = "scheme"  # not http(s)
+# the frontend's backendIds contract, which reads this Literal).
-REASON_NO_HOST = "no_host"  # URL carries no hostname
+UrlBlockedReason = Literal["scheme", "no_host", "malformed", "unresolvable", "private"]
-REASON_MALFORMED = "malformed"  # unparseable authority or port; urlparse raises late, so guard it
+REASON_SCHEME: UrlBlockedReason = "scheme"  # not http(s)
-REASON_UNRESOLVABLE = "unresolvable"  # DNS said nothing (honest: not the same as "blocked")
+REASON_NO_HOST: UrlBlockedReason = "no_host"  # URL carries no hostname
-REASON_PRIVATE = "private"  # resolves into a network the server must not fetch from
+REASON_MALFORMED: UrlBlockedReason = (
+    "malformed"  # unparseable authority or port; urlparse raises late
+)
+REASON_UNRESOLVABLE: UrlBlockedReason = (
+    "unresolvable"  # DNS said nothing (not the same as "blocked")
+)
+REASON_PRIVATE: UrlBlockedReason = (
+    "private"  # resolves into a network the server must not fetch from
+)
 
 
 class BlockedUrl(Exception):
     """A user-supplied URL that must not be fetched server-side. ``reason`` is one of the
     REASON_* codes above."""
 
-    def __init__(self, reason: str):
+    def __init__(self, reason: UrlBlockedReason):
         super().__init__(reason)
-        self.reason = reason
+        self.reason: UrlBlockedReason = reason
 
 
 def _is_forbidden(ip: ipaddress.IPv4Address | ipaddress.IPv6Address) -> bool:

backend/app/plex/service.py

@@ -6,9 +6,9 @@ The rest of the mirror's writes stay with the sync (`plex.sync`): a collection's
 after a write-back, its local cleanup after a delete.
 """
 
-from datetime import datetime, timezone
+from datetime import datetime, timedelta, timezone
 
-from sqlalchemy import CursorResult, delete, func, select, update
+from sqlalchemy import CursorResult, delete, func, or_, select, update
 from sqlalchemy.dialects.postgresql import insert as pg_insert
 from sqlalchemy.orm import Session
 
@@ -271,6 +271,10 @@ def reorder_playlist(db: Session, pl: PlexPlaylist, rating_keys: list[str]) -> N
 
 # --- a user's watch state --------------------------------------------------------------------
 
+# How long after a watched mark a mid-item position is read as the finishing player's late tick
+# (`checkpoint`): the tick is every 10 s, plus the request's own latency and a retry.
+_LATE_CHECKPOINT_S = 30
+
 
 def mark_finished(db: Session, user_id: int, item_id: int, now: datetime) -> bool:
     """Mark the item watched (position cleared) and say whether THIS call made it so. Two near-end
@@ -352,16 +356,33 @@ def checkpoint(
     now: datetime,
     *,
     dirty: bool,
-) -> PlexState:
+) -> bool:
-    """Record a resume position. `dirty` marks it not yet mirrored to Plex — set before a push, so
+    """Record a resume position, and say whether it was recorded. `dirty` marks it not yet mirrored
-    the reconcile re-pushes it if the push fails and the push can settle it once Plex confirms."""
+    to Plex — set before a push, so the reconcile re-pushes it if the push fails and the push can
+    settle it once Plex confirms.
+
+    Not onto a row marked watched in the last `_LATE_CHECKPOINT_S`: that position is the player's
+    tick sent just before its own finish (or a mark from another tab), and writing it made a watched
+    item in progress again — on Plex too, through the resume push it carried. Decided by the write
+    itself, since the mark can commit between any read here and the write. A rewatch is checkpointed
+    as before once the mark is that far behind it."""
     st = state_row(db, user, item_id, st)
-    st.position_seconds = position
+    values: dict[str, object] = {"position_seconds": position, "progress_updated_at": now}
-    st.progress_updated_at = now
     if dirty:
-        st.synced_to_plex = False
+        values["synced_to_plex"] = False
+    not_just_finished = or_(
+        PlexState.status != "watched",
+        PlexState.watched_at.is_(None),
+        PlexState.watched_at <= now - timedelta(seconds=_LATE_CHECKPOINT_S),
+    )
+    result = db.execute(
+        update(PlexState)
+        .where(PlexState.id == st.id, not_just_finished)
+        .values(values)
+        .execution_options(synchronize_session="fetch")
+    )
     db.flush()
-    return st
+    return isinstance(result, CursorResult) and result.rowcount > 0
 
 
 def forget_state(db: Session, st: PlexState) -> None:

backend/app/plex/stream.py

@@ -66,7 +66,9 @@ _SESSION_IDLE_S = 600  # reap a session with no access for this long
 # restart leaves them behind like any other. `sweep_orphans` deletes ONLY names
 # matching one of those two shapes: `_HLS_ROOT` is admin-configurable (PLEX_HLS_DIR), so it may
 # legitimately point at a shared scratch path we do not own, and a blanket "delete every directory
-# under the root" would take the neighbours with it.
+# under the root" would take the neighbours with it. A torn-down session's directory is renamed to
+# its own name + `_TOMB` + 8 hex digits before it is deleted (see `_detach`), so a crash between the
+# two leaves a name this sweep still recognises.
 #
 # The KEY is anchored to digits (a Plex rating_key is a number) — that is what keeps foreign names
 # out. A `.+` there let `snapshot_2024_backup_+1.00` through, and pairing `.+` with an optional tail
@@ -74,8 +76,10 @@ _SESSION_IDLE_S = 600  # reap a session with no access for this long
 # non-numeric rating_key would merely leave its directory unswept, which is the safe direction to
 # fail. Covered by test_plex_stream.py — this regex is the only thing standing between the sweep
 # and someone else's data.
+_TOMB = ".dead-"
 _SESSION_DIR_RE = re.compile(
-    r"^\d+_\d+(_[^_]+_[+-]\d+\.\d{2})?$|^\d+_u\d+_\d+_[^_]+_[+-]\d+\.\d{2}$"
+    r"^\d+_\d+(_[^_]+_[+-]\d+\.\d{2})?$"
+    rf"|^\d+_u\d+_\d+_[^_]+_[+-]\d+\.\d{{2}}({re.escape(_TOMB)}[0-9a-f]{{8}})?$"
 )
 # When this process started. `sweep_orphans` only deletes directories older than this: everything
 # newer belongs to a session THIS run created, and since `start_session` reuses a directory path
@@ -93,7 +97,7 @@ _MTIME_GRACE_S = 2.0
 
 _lock = threading.Lock()
 # Keyed by VIEWER and item, (user_id, rating_key). Keyed by the item alone, a second account opening
-# the same film `_kill`ed the first one's session: the displaced viewer got a 404, reclaimed at its
+# the same film tore down the first one's session: the displaced viewer got a 404, reclaimed at its
 # playhead, and so evicted the other in turn — two people could not watch one film at once. (One
 # account on two devices still shares a session; that case ends in the player's bounded reclaim.)
 _sessions: dict[tuple[int, str], "HlsSession"] = {}
@@ -641,29 +645,82 @@ def _probe_first_pts(seg: Path) -> float | None:
     return None
 
 
-def _kill(s: HlsSession) -> None:
+# Teardown is split in two, because every segment request and checkpoint takes `_lock`: waiting up to
+# 3 s for an ffmpeg to exit and deleting a whole segmented film under it stalled every other
+# viewer's playback for one viewer's seek or one reap pass. `_detach` (under the lock) signals the
+# process and renames its directory aside — so the deletion can never hit a NEW session that reuses
+# the path — and `_finish` (after the lock is released) waits and deletes.
+#
+# What the rename cannot cover is the dying ffmpeg itself: it writes by path, so until it has exited
+# it can still put a segment, or its final ENDLIST playlist, into a new session's directory on the
+# same path. `_dying` remembers it by that path, and `_spawn` waits it out — under the lock, on
+# purpose — before it creates the directory again.
+_dying: dict[Path, subprocess.Popen] = {}
+
+
+def _await_exit(key: str, proc: subprocess.Popen) -> None:
     try:
-        s.proc.terminate()
         try:
-            s.proc.wait(timeout=3)
+            proc.wait(timeout=3)
         # silent-ok: the escalation IS the handling. A transcode that ignores TERM for three
         # seconds gets KILL, which is exactly what this branch does.
         except subprocess.TimeoutExpired:
-            s.proc.kill()
+            proc.kill()
     except Exception as exc:  # noqa: BLE001 — teardown finishes whatever the process does
         # Not nothing: what survives this is an ffmpeg nobody owns any more, holding a VAAPI
         # handle and a core, and the transcode cap that is supposed to bound them counts rows in
         # `_sessions` rather than processes. One line is the only way that ever surfaces.
+        log.info(
+            "could not stop the transcode process",
+            extra=logs.event("plex.stream.kill_failed", key=key, reason=type(exc).__name__),
+        )
+
+
+def _detach(s: HlsSession) -> tuple[HlsSession, Path | None]:
+    """Caller holds _lock and has taken `s` out of `_sessions`. Hand the result to `_finish` once the
+    lock is released."""
+    try:
+        s.proc.terminate()
+    except Exception as exc:  # noqa: BLE001 — teardown finishes whatever the process does
         log.info(
             "could not stop the transcode process",
             extra=logs.event("plex.stream.kill_failed", key=s.key, reason=type(exc).__name__),
         )
+    _dying[s.dir] = s.proc
+    tomb = s.dir.with_name(f"{s.dir.name}{_TOMB}{secrets.token_hex(4)}")
+    try:
+        s.dir.rename(tomb)
+    # silent-ok: nothing on disk (ffmpeg died before writing, or a sweep took it) — nothing to delete.
+    except FileNotFoundError:
+        return s, None
+    except OSError as exc:
+        # Cannot be moved aside, so it cannot be deleted outside the lock either: the path may be a
+        # new session's a moment from now. Deleted here instead, the old way.
+        log.info(
+            "a session directory could not be moved aside; deleted under the lock",
+            extra=logs.event("plex.stream.tomb_failed", key=s.key, reason=type(exc).__name__),
+        )
         shutil.rmtree(s.dir, ignore_errors=True)
+        return s, None
+    return s, tomb
 
 
-def _enforce_caps(user_id: int, max_transcodes: int, max_sessions: int) -> None:
+def _finish(doomed: "list[tuple[HlsSession, Path | None]]") -> None:
-    """Caller holds _lock. Three bounds, applied after a session is registered, each dropping the
+    """The slow half of a teardown, called WITHOUT `_lock`."""
-    least recently accessed sessions over it:
+    for s, tomb in doomed:
+        _await_exit(s.key, s.proc)
+        with _lock:
+            if _dying.get(s.dir) is s.proc:
+                del _dying[s.dir]
+        if tomb is not None:
+            shutil.rmtree(tomb, ignore_errors=True)
+
+
+def _enforce_caps(
+    user_id: int, max_transcodes: int, max_sessions: int
+) -> "list[tuple[HlsSession, Path | None]]":
+    """Caller holds _lock, and `_finish`es what this returns once it has released it. Three bounds,
+    applied after a session is registered, each dropping the least recently accessed sessions over it:
 
     * this account's own sessions (`_MAX_SESSIONS_PER_USER`) — first, so a single account filling the
       box evicts itself before anyone else;
@@ -676,6 +733,8 @@ def _enforce_caps(user_id: int, max_transcodes: int, max_sessions: int) -> None:
     and the player restarts at the playhead, so from the server nothing failed — and "my film keeps
     rebuffering" has no other explanation anywhere, hence the line."""
 
+    doomed: list[tuple[HlsSession, Path | None]] = []
+
     def cull(pool: list[tuple[tuple[int, str], HlsSession]], cap: int, bound: str) -> None:
         if len(pool) <= cap:
             return
@@ -690,12 +749,13 @@ def _enforce_caps(user_id: int, max_transcodes: int, max_sessions: int) -> None:
                     sessions=len(pool),
                 ),
             )
-            _kill(sess)
             _sessions.pop(reg, None)
+            doomed.append(_detach(sess))
 
     cull([kv for kv in _sessions.items() if kv[0][0] == user_id], _MAX_SESSIONS_PER_USER, "user")
     cull([kv for kv in _sessions.items() if kv[1].transcode], max_transcodes, "transcode")
     cull(list(_sessions.items()), max_sessions, "total")
+    return doomed
 
 
 def start_session(
@@ -759,12 +819,21 @@ def start_session(
         # can't starve the co-located API/playback. preexec_fn runs in the forked child (POSIX); on a
         # platform without fork (the API always runs in a Linux container in prod) it's simply omitted.
         preexec = _sw_child_preexec if (transcode and not hw and os.name == "posix") else None
+        doomed: list[tuple[HlsSession, Path | None]] = []
+        # Finished even when the new session fails to start (no space, no ffmpeg, a DB error): what
+        # was moved aside under the lock is otherwise left for a restart's sweep.
+        try:
             with _lock:
                 if replace_only is not None and _sessions.get(reg) is not replace_only:
                     return None  # superseded/culled while we waited out of lock — don't clobber the newer one
                 old = _sessions.pop(reg, None)
                 if old is not None:
-                _kill(old)
+                    doomed.append(_detach(old))
+                # An ffmpeg still exiting from THIS path (the old session, or one stopped a moment ago)
+                # would write into the directory about to be made; see `_dying`.
+                prev = _dying.pop(directory, None)
+                if prev is not None:
+                    _await_exit(key, prev)
                 shutil.rmtree(directory, ignore_errors=True)
                 directory.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
                 proc = subprocess.Popen(
@@ -816,11 +885,13 @@ def start_session(
                 )
                 # Admin-configurable caps (Configuration → Plex); at least 1 each so playback can't be
                 # capped to zero.
-            _enforce_caps(
+                doomed += _enforce_caps(
                     user_id,
                     max(1, sysconfig.get_int(db, "plex_max_transcodes")),
                     max(1, sysconfig.get_int(db, "plex_max_sessions")),
                 )
+        finally:
+            _finish(doomed)
         return s
 
     s = _spawn(*_select_encode(db, item, transcode, src))
@@ -974,6 +1045,11 @@ def artifact_may_arrive(s: "HlsSession", filename: str) -> bool:
     # session, absent for a single-audio one.
     if variant not in (s.variants or (None,)):
         return False
+    # And the name must be the one ffmpeg SPELLS for that sequence: `int()` also reads `seg_007.ts`
+    # and a non-ASCII digit run as a sequence the session may have reached, and neither file is
+    # ever written — a yes there parked the request for the whole wait.
+    if filename != segment_name(seq, variant):
+        return False
     if seq == 0:
         return True
     try:
@@ -1108,16 +1184,16 @@ def reap_idle(finished_idle_s: float = _FINISHED_IDLE_S) -> int:
     `reap_abandoned` bought the same safety by keeping every finished session for ten minutes — each
     one a whole segmented copy of the film on a volume shared with the download center."""
     now = time.time()
-    dropped = 0
+    doomed: list[tuple[HlsSession, Path | None]] = []
     with _lock:
         for reg, s in list(_sessions.items()):
             done = s.proc.poll() is not None
             idle = now - s.last_access
             if idle > _SESSION_IDLE_S or (done and idle > finished_idle_s):
-                _kill(s)
                 _sessions.pop(reg, None)
-                dropped += 1
+                doomed.append(_detach(s))
-    return dropped
+    _finish(doomed)
+    return len(doomed)
 
 
 def stop_session(user_id: int, key: str, session_id: str) -> bool:
@@ -1132,8 +1208,9 @@ def stop_session(user_id: int, key: str, session_id: str) -> bool:
         s = _sessions.get((user_id, key))
         if s is None or s.id != session_id:
             return False
-        _kill(s)
         _sessions.pop((user_id, key), None)
+        doomed = [_detach(s)]
+    _finish(doomed)
     return True
 
 

backend/app/reader/service.py

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ unique key, a row lock taken before a presence check. The comfort shelf's writes
 
 from datetime import datetime, timezone
 
-from typing import cast
+from typing import Literal, cast
 
 from sqlalchemy import Table, bindparam, delete, exists, func, select, text, update
 from sqlalchemy.dialects.postgresql import insert as pg_insert
@@ -301,12 +301,17 @@ def set_progress(db: Session, user: User, video_id: str, position: int) -> None:
 # --- playlists -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
+# Every reason a move is refused; the UI names each one (`playlists.moveErrors.<reason>`, held by the
+# frontend's backendIds contract, which reads this Literal).
+MoveReason = Literal["same_playlist", "not_in_playlist"]
+
+
 class MoveRefused(Exception):
     """A move between playlists that cannot happen: `reason` is the code the UI translates."""
 
-    def __init__(self, reason: str):
+    def __init__(self, reason: MoveReason):
         super().__init__(reason)
-        self.reason = reason
+        self.reason: MoveReason = reason
 
 
 def touch(pl: Playlist) -> None:

backend/app/refusal.py

@@ -1,29 +1,39 @@
 """A request the app refuses, said in a way the UI can put in the reader's language.
 
 Every refusal the API answers carries a structured `detail` — `{code, reason, …params}` — and the client
-translates it (`lib/api/core.ts` `localizeDetail`). A bare English string reached the Hungarian UI
+translates it (`lib/api/refusalText.ts` `localizeDetail`). A bare English string reached the Hungarian UI
 verbatim: the blocking error dialog, and every inline surface that printed `HttpError.detail`, showed
 whatever sentence the route happened to hand-write. `refused` is the generic family
 (`errors.refused.<reason>`, the params interpolated into the sentence); the older specific codes
 (`not_found`, `youtube`, `playlist`, the admin refusals, …) stay, since each is already translated.
 
-A test (`test_http_details.py`) reads every `HTTPException` in the app and fails on a string detail,
+A test (`test_http_details.py`) reads every place an `HTTPException` or a `JSONResponse` sends a detail
-and the frontend's contract test requires every `refused(…, "<reason>")` to be named in both
+and fails on one the client cannot say: a sentence, a dict without a `code`, a variable, none at all.
-languages — so the rule is enforced, not described.
+`tests/refusal_sites.py` reads every `{"code": …}` detail from the syntax tree, written where it is sent
+(or returned by a factory that only ever is), with any `**` spread before its `code` and `reason`, and
+follows each reason along a closed list of shapes: a literal, a `Literal` type on the parameter or
+attribute it travels in, every call of a helper like `refused` below, a map's values; anything else is
+reported, never guessed. The frontend's contract test
+(`i18n/backendIds.contract.test.ts`) runs it and requires each code in one record of
+`lib/api/refusalCodes.ts`, and each reason's sentence in both languages; a code or reason it cannot
+follow fails it, unless no screen shows that code. So the rule is enforced, not described.
 """
 
 from fastapi import HTTPException
 
+from app.sysconfig import InvalidSetting, SettingReason
+
 
 def refused(status: int, reason: str, **params: object) -> HTTPException:
     """The refusal to raise: `raise refused(409, "view_name_taken", name=name)`. `params` travel in
-    the detail for the sentence to interpolate (`{{name}}`); keep them to values the reader may see."""
+    the detail for the sentence to interpolate (`{{name}}`); keep them to values the reader may see.
-    return HTTPException(status_code=status, detail={"code": "refused", "reason": reason, **params})
+    They are spread first, so a `code` or `reason` among them could never replace these two."""
+    return HTTPException(status_code=status, detail={**params, "code": "refused", "reason": reason})
 
 
-# `sysconfig.InvalidSetting.reason` → the refusal it answers as. A dict of literals, so the frontend's
+# `sysconfig.InvalidSetting.reason` → the refusal it answers as. A dict of literals, so the refusal
-# contract test can read every reason this can produce.
+# scan reads every reason this can produce, and holds its keys to `SettingReason`.
-_SETTING_REASONS = {
+_SETTING_REASONS: dict[SettingReason, str] = {
     "not_a_number": "setting_not_a_number",
     "too_low": "setting_too_low",
     "too_high": "setting_too_high",
@@ -32,6 +42,6 @@ _SETTING_REASONS = {
 }
 
 
-def setting_refused(exc) -> HTTPException:
+def setting_refused(exc: InvalidSetting) -> HTTPException:
     """A value the admin entered that `sysconfig.set_value` refused (`exc`: its `InvalidSetting`)."""
     return refused(400, _SETTING_REASONS[exc.reason], key=exc.key, **exc.params)

backend/app/routes/auth.py

@@ -976,7 +976,16 @@ def _resend_verify_if_eligible(email: str) -> None:
             send_verification_link(db, user)
 
 
-def _login_refused(status: int, reason: str, user: User | None = None, **extra) -> HTTPException:
+# Every refusal a password sign-in answers with; the UI names each one (`welcome.auth.blocked.<reason>`,
+# held by the frontend's backendIds contract, which reads this Literal).
+LoginRefusal = Literal[
+    "rate_limited", "invalid", "suspended", "email_unverified", "pending_approval"
+]
+
+
+def _login_refused(
+    status: int, reason: LoginRefusal, user: User | None = None, **extra
+) -> HTTPException:
     """Every refusal password_login can answer with, in the codebase's structured `{code, reason}`
     shape so the SPA can say it in the user's own language (the old bare English strings were
     unreadable under a bilingual UI, and unusable as anything but a one-line error).
@@ -992,15 +1001,15 @@ def _login_refused(status: int, reason: str, user: User | None = None, **extra)
     `email_verified` is false, and vice versa — the SPA renders whichever is actually outstanding
     rather than assuming a sequence.
     """
-    detail: dict = {"code": "login", "reason": reason}
+    account = (
-    if user is not None:
+        {"email": user.email, "email_verified": user.email_verified, "approved": user.is_active}
-        detail |= {
+        if user is not None
-            "email": user.email,
+        else {}
-            "email_verified": user.email_verified,
+    )
-            "approved": user.is_active,
+    given = {k: v for k, v in extra.items() if v is not None}
-        }
+    return HTTPException(
-    detail |= {k: v for k, v in extra.items() if v is not None}
+        status_code=status, detail={**account, **given, "code": "login", "reason": reason}
-    return HTTPException(status_code=status, detail=detail)
+    )
 
 
 @router.post("/password-login")

backend/app/routes/downloads.py

@@ -208,7 +208,7 @@ def set_credential(
     try:
         cleaned = dlcreds.validate_cookies(body.cookies)
     except dlcreds.InvalidCookies as e:
-        raise HTTPException(status_code=400, detail={"code": "cookies", "reason": str(e)}) from e
+        raise HTTPException(status_code=400, detail={"code": "cookies", "reason": e.reason}) from e
     dlcreds.upsert_credential(db, user.id, host_key, cleaned)
     audit.record(
         db,
@@ -359,8 +359,9 @@ def enqueue_clip(
         job = service.enqueue_clip(db, user.id, spec, display_name=display_name)
     except clipmod.ClipError as e:
         status = 404 if e.reason == "not_found" else 422
-        detail = {"code": "clip", "reason": e.reason, **e.params}
+        raise HTTPException(
-        raise HTTPException(status_code=status, detail=detail) from e
+            status_code=status, detail={**e.params, "code": "clip", "reason": e.reason}
+        ) from e
     except quota.QuotaExceeded as e:
         raise HTTPException(status_code=422, detail=quota_detail(e)) from e
     db.commit()

backend/app/routes/files.py

@@ -139,7 +139,7 @@ def own_job_for_update(db: Session, user: User, job_id: int) -> "DownloadJob":
 
 def quota_detail(e: quota.QuotaExceeded) -> dict:
     """Structured error the trilingual client localizes (reason key + numbers), instead of a
-    pre-baked English string with a dot-decimal GB value. See lib/api.ts localizeDetail()."""
+    pre-baked English string with a dot-decimal GB value. See lib/api/refusalText.ts localizeDetail()."""
     return {"code": "quota", "reason": e.reason, "limit": e.limit, "current": e.current}
 
 

backend/app/routes/playlists.py

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ CRUD (create / rename / delete, add / remove / reorder items) plus YouTube two-w
 mirror the user's own YouTube playlists in (`/sync-youtube`) and push/revert local edits back
 out (`/{id}/push-plan`, `/{id}/revert-youtube`), behind the optional write scope."""
 
-from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Literal
 
 from fastapi import APIRouter, Depends, HTTPException
 from pydantic import BaseModel, Field
@@ -53,7 +53,22 @@ def _check_pull_cooldown(user: User) -> None:
         raise HTTPException(status_code=429, detail={"code": "sync_cooldown"})
 
 
-def _refused(status: int, reason: str) -> HTTPException:
+# Every playlist action the server refuses; the UI names each one (`playlists.errors.<reason>`, held by
+# the frontend's backendIds contract, which reads this Literal).
+PlaylistRefusal = Literal[
+    "name_required",
+    "not_on_youtube",
+    "quota_exceeded",
+    "sync_all_busy",
+    "sync_busy",
+    "watch_later_not_pushable",
+    "watch_later_undeletable",
+    "youtube_editing_off",
+    "youtube_read_scope",
+]
+
+
+def _refused(status: int, reason: PlaylistRefusal) -> HTTPException:
     """A playlist action the server refuses, as a reason the UI translates
     (`playlists.errors.<reason>`) — a bare English detail reached the Hungarian UI verbatim."""
     return HTTPException(status_code=status, detail={"code": "playlist", "reason": reason})

backend/app/routes/plex/playback.py

@@ -234,6 +234,15 @@ def person_image(u: str, request: Request) -> Response:
     return imgcache.response(data, ct)
 
 
+def _supersede_resume_pushes(user_id: int, item_id: int, now: datetime) -> None:
+    """A watched mark supersedes every resume push still in flight for the item: stamping it as the
+    latest push makes `_resume_push_superseded` drop them. Popping the entry instead (to keep the map
+    small) removed the very guard, and an older resume push could then land at Plex AFTER the
+    scrobble and revive a resume point on a watched item. Eviction bounds the map."""
+    with _push_throttle_lock:
+        _last_push_at[(user_id, item_id)] = now
+
+
 def _push_resume_guarded(
     user_id: int,
     item_id: int,
@@ -329,12 +338,7 @@ def item_progress(
     near_end = duration > 0 and position > duration - _FINISH_MARGIN_S
     if near_end:
         flipped = service.mark_finished(db, user.id, it.id, now)
-        # The finish supersedes every resume push still in flight for this item: stamping it as the
+        _supersede_resume_pushes(user.id, it.id, now)
-        # latest push makes `_resume_push_superseded` drop them. Popping the entry instead (to keep
-        # the map small) removed the very guard, and an older resume push could then land at Plex
-        # AFTER the scrobble and revive a resume point on a watched item. Eviction bounds the map.
-        with _push_throttle_lock:
-            _last_push_at[(user.id, it.id)] = now
         db.commit()
         # Only the checkpoint that flipped the row scrobbles: a later checkpoint of the same finished
         # item — or a second one racing this one — would otherwise bump Plex's viewCount again.
@@ -352,7 +356,11 @@ def item_progress(
     push_now = _should_push_resume(user.id, it.id, now, final)
     # Marked dirty before the (background) push so the reconcile knows to re-push if it fails, and so
     # `push_state_to_plex` can settle synced_to_plex once Plex confirms.
-    service.checkpoint(db, user, it.id, st, position, now, dirty=push_now)
+    if not service.checkpoint(db, user, it.id, st, position, now, dirty=push_now):
+        # Marked watched a moment ago: this is the finishing player's late tick (see
+        # `service.checkpoint`), and the answer is the same one a near-end checkpoint gets.
+        db.commit()
+        return {"ok": True, "status": "watched", "position_seconds": 0}
     db.commit()
     if push_now:
         _push_watch(
@@ -408,6 +416,8 @@ def item_state(
             _push_watch(background, db, user.id, it.id, rating_key, "unwatched")
         return {"ok": True, "status": "new"}
     service.set_status(db, user, it.id, st, status)
+    if status == "watched":
+        _supersede_resume_pushes(user.id, it.id, datetime.now(timezone.utc))
     db.commit()
     if status == "watched" and prev_status != "watched":
         _push_watch(background, db, user.id, it.id, rating_key, "watched")
@@ -427,6 +437,10 @@ def _bulk_state(
     always reads the committed marks."""
     pushable = plex_watch.link_for_push(db, user_id) is not None
     to_push = service.bulk_state(db, user_id, eps, watched)
+    if watched:
+        now = datetime.now(timezone.utc)
+        for item_id, _rating_key, _action in to_push:
+            _supersede_resume_pushes(user_id, item_id, now)
     if pushable and to_push:
         # One coalesced background task for the whole batch (reuses a single session + Plex client),
         # not one task per episode — a 200-ep show mark is 1 task, not 200.
@@ -632,9 +646,10 @@ def stream_hls_file(
     try:
         content = path.read_bytes()
     except OSError:
-        # The session was torn down between the wait and the read — `_kill` rmtrees the whole
+        # The session was torn down between the wait and the read — teardown moves the whole
-        # directory, and nothing holds `_lock` across those two steps. It has to present as the same
+        # directory aside and deletes it, and nothing holds `_lock` across those two steps. It has
-        # 404 a gone session does: the player's recovery is keyed on the STATUS (`code === 404`), so
+        # to present as the same 404 a gone session does: the player's recovery is keyed on the
+        # STATUS (`code === 404`), so
         # a 500 here skipped the reclaim and ended playback with "couldn't play" instead of
         # restarting at the playhead. Ordinary trigger: `loadSession` awaits the new session — which
         # kills and rmtrees the old one — before destroying the old hls instance, so the outgoing

backend/app/routes/saved_views.py

@@ -128,7 +128,8 @@ def update_view(
         db.commit()
     except IntegrityError:
         db.rollback()
-        raise refused(409, "view_name_taken", name=view.name) from None
+        # The name asked for: the rollback has put the view's old name back on `view`.
+        raise refused(409, "view_name_taken", name=name) from None
     return _serialize(view)
 
 

backend/app/routes/tags.py

@@ -107,7 +107,8 @@ def update_tag(
         db.commit()
     except IntegrityError:
         db.rollback()
-        raise refused(409, "tag_name_taken", name=tag.name) from None
+        # The name asked for: the rollback has put the tag's old name back on `tag`.
+        raise refused(409, "tag_name_taken", name=name) from None
     return {
         "ok": True,
         "id": tag.id,

backend/app/sysconfig.py

@@ -443,15 +443,20 @@ def _default(s: ConfigSpec):
     return getattr(settings, s.default_attr)
 
 
+# Every reason `set_value` refuses with. `refusal.setting_refused` looks each one up in its map, which
+# the refusal scan holds to exactly these keys: a reason the map lacks would answer a 500.
+SettingReason = Literal["not_a_number", "too_low", "too_high", "not_a_choice", "no_encryption_key"]
+
+
 class InvalidSetting(ValueError):
     """A value `set_value` refuses, as a reason the UI translates (`errors.refused.setting_<reason>`)
     plus what the sentence needs — the English message is for logs only. A ValueError still, so a
     caller that only needs "refused or not" keeps working."""
 
-    def __init__(self, key: str, reason: str, **params: object):
+    def __init__(self, key: str, reason: SettingReason, **params: object):
         super().__init__(f"{key}: {reason} {params}")
         self.key = key
-        self.reason = reason
+        self.reason: SettingReason = reason
         self.params = params
 
 

backend/requirements.lock

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 # `pip install -r requirements.lock && pip check` must pass. In place so far: urllib3 2.7.0 -> 2.8.0 (PYSEC-2026-4175/4176/4177); yt-dlp 2026.7.4 -> 2026.8.19
 # (it marks the clients that need a stream PO token, so the downloader stops fetching into a 403);
 # certifi 2026.7.22 -> 2026.10.19 (GHSA-6q48-6c7w-9gw2); brotli 1.2.0 -> 1.2.1 (PYSEC-2026-4322);
-# Authlib 1.7.2 -> 1.9.1 (CVE-2026-96760, CVE-2026-114616).
+# Authlib 1.7.2 -> 1.9.1 (CVE-2026-96760, CVE-2026-114616); joserfc 1.7.4 -> 1.7.6 (CVE-2026-119283, CVE-2026-119284).
 APScheduler==3.11.3
 Authlib==1.9.1
 Mako==1.4.1
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ httptools==0.8.0
 httpx==0.28.1
 idna==3.18
 itsdangerous==2.2.0
-joserfc==1.7.4
+joserfc==1.7.6
 markdown-it-py==4.2.0
 mdurl==0.1.2
 mutagen==1.48.1

backend/tests/refusal_sites.py

@@ -0,0 +1,738 @@
+"""Every refusal the backend can answer, read from its syntax tree: each `{"code": …, "reason": …}` detail,
+with every reason its code can be sent with.
+
+The frontend's contract (`i18n/backendIds.contract.test.ts`) runs this and requires a sentence for each
+code and reason in both languages. A scan that tries to follow every shape opens a silent gap with each one
+it learns, and following how a value flows through Python (variables, scopes, aliases, a dict changed in
+place) never closes. So the CODE keeps to a narrow form, and this reads a CLOSED list of it, reporting
+everything else, never guessing:
+
+- where a detail stands: where it is sent — `HTTPException`'s second argument or `detail=`, the `"detail"`
+  value of a `JSONResponse`'s content dict — through the arms of `a if c else b`, or as what a module-level
+  factory returns when every return of it is a detail and every reference to it is a call sent as one. A
+  detail held in a variable is not followed;
+- the code: one literal. A `**` spread, or a key that is not a literal, stands BEFORE a literal `code` and
+  `reason`, both of which the detail then carries: the later key wins, so no spread can change them;
+- a reason: a string literal (`None` sends none: the site counts as reasonless); both arms of
+  `a if c else b`; a function's local bound only by plain `x = …`; a module constant reached as `mod.NAME`;
+  a call's `Literal` return annotation;
+- a parameter typed with a `Literal` (basedpyright holds every value passed in), or a `str` one of a
+  module-level helper (`refused`, `not_found`), followed to every call, each of which must pass it by
+  position or by name; a parameter its body binds again is unread;
+- an attribute: `e.x` of the exception an `except C as e` catches, or of a parameter typed `C`, when a
+  method of `C` declares `self.x: <Literal>`;
+- a map lookup (`_SETTING_REASONS[exc.reason]`): the map's values, and its keys must be exactly what the
+  index can be.
+
+A name bound twice at module level, inside a module-level `if`/`try`/loop, named by a `global`, or imported
+from two places is not looked up; nor is a local a lambda or a comprehension binds, or one a `nonlocal` or
+`global` names. A module constant or map that anything stores into, deletes from or (a map) uses but by
+`map[k]` or a read method is unread. A reference named like a followed helper that the scan cannot resolve
+(`import app.x`, a relative import, an app module that does not bind it) is unread. Anything else is UNREAD,
+or an unread code, and the contract fails on it unless no screen shows that code. Stdlib only: it runs on
+the host, beside the frontend's tests (`python -I backend/tests/refusal_sites.py` → JSON).
+"""
+
+import ast
+import json
+import pathlib
+import sys
+from collections.abc import Iterator
+from dataclasses import dataclass, field
+
+APP = pathlib.Path(__file__).resolve().parents[1] / "app"
+
+# Files whose `"code"` dicts are data, not refusals: a subtitle track's status payload, TMDB country codes.
+NOT_REFUSALS = {
+    "plex/subtitles.py": "a subtitle track's status payload (its own `code`)",
+    "plex/tmdb.py": "a production country's ISO code",
+}
+
+# What a map may be used by besides `map[k]`: a method that only reads it.
+READS = {"get", "items", "keys", "values"}
+
+Node = ast.AST
+FUNCS = (ast.FunctionDef, ast.AsyncFunctionDef)
+SCOPES = (ast.FunctionDef, ast.AsyncFunctionDef, ast.Lambda, ast.ClassDef)
+COMPREHENSIONS = (ast.ListComp, ast.SetComp, ast.DictComp, ast.GeneratorExp)
+COMPOUND = (
+    ast.If,
+    ast.Try,
+    ast.TryStar,
+    ast.For,
+    ast.AsyncFor,
+    ast.While,
+    ast.With,
+    ast.AsyncWith,
+    ast.Match,
+)
+
+
+@dataclass
+class Res:
+    values: set[str] = field(default_factory=set)
+    unread: list[str] = field(default_factory=list)
+    none: bool = False  # an arm sends no reason
+
+    def __or__(self, other: "Res") -> "Res":
+        return Res(self.values | other.values, self.unread + other.unread, self.none or other.none)
+
+
+@dataclass
+class Module:
+    path: str  # relative to app/, posix
+    name: str  # dotted, `app.…`
+    tree: ast.Module
+    parents: dict[Node, Node]
+    # local name → (module, symbol or None for the module)
+    imports: dict[str, tuple[str, str | None]]
+    top: dict[str, Node]  # module-level bindings: def, class, or the assignment
+    ambiguous: set[
+        str
+    ]  # bound more than once, conditionally, by a `global`, or imported from two places
+    slots: set[int]  # the ids of the nodes sent as a detail
+
+
+def _own_scope(node: Node) -> Iterator[Node]:
+    """`node` and what it holds in its own scope: a nested def, class or lambda is itself, not its body."""
+    stack = [node]
+    while stack:
+        n = stack.pop()
+        yield n
+        if n is not node and isinstance(n, SCOPES):
+            continue
+        stack.extend(ast.iter_child_nodes(n))
+
+
+def _stored(target: Node) -> set[str]:
+    """The names an assignment target binds, not the ones it reads (`LABELS[k] = v` binds none)."""
+    return {
+        n.id for n in ast.walk(target) if isinstance(n, ast.Name) and isinstance(n.ctx, ast.Store)
+    }
+
+
+def _binds(node: Node) -> set[str]:
+    """The names one node binds in the scope it sits in."""
+    if isinstance(node, ast.Assign):
+        return set().union(*(_stored(t) for t in node.targets))
+    if isinstance(node, (ast.AnnAssign, ast.AugAssign, ast.For, ast.AsyncFor, ast.NamedExpr)):
+        return _stored(node.target)
+    if isinstance(node, (ast.With, ast.AsyncWith)):
+        return set().union(*(_stored(i.optional_vars) for i in node.items if i.optional_vars))
+    if isinstance(node, (ast.Import, ast.ImportFrom)):
+        return {(a.asname or a.name).split(".")[0] for a in node.names}
+    if isinstance(node, (ast.FunctionDef, ast.AsyncFunctionDef, ast.ClassDef)):
+        return {node.name}
+    if isinstance(node, (ast.MatchAs, ast.MatchStar, ast.ExceptHandler)) and node.name:
+        return {node.name}
+    return set()
+
+
+def _sender(call: ast.Call) -> str | None:
+    return getattr(call.func, "id", None) or getattr(call.func, "attr", None)
+
+
+def detail_slots(tree: Node) -> Iterator[tuple[ast.Call, Node | None]]:
+    """Every place a detail is sent from, with what it holds: `HTTPException`'s second argument or
+    `detail=` (None: sent without one), and the `"detail"` value of a `JSONResponse`'s content dict (a
+    content without one is an answer, not a refusal)."""
+    for node in ast.walk(tree):
+        if not isinstance(node, ast.Call):
+            continue
+        kw = {k.arg: k.value for k in node.keywords}
+        if _sender(node) == "HTTPException":
+            yield node, kw.get("detail", node.args[1] if len(node.args) > 1 else None)
+        elif _sender(node) == "JSONResponse":
+            content = kw.get("content", node.args[0] if node.args else None)
+            if isinstance(content, ast.Dict):
+                for k, v in zip(content.keys, content.values, strict=True):
+                    if isinstance(k, ast.Constant) and k.value == "detail":
+                        yield node, v
+
+
+def _code_dict(node: Node) -> bool:
+    """A `{"code": …}` dict, or a `dict(code=…)` call."""
+    if isinstance(node, ast.Dict):
+        return any(isinstance(k, ast.Constant) and k.value == "code" for k in node.keys)
+    return (
+        isinstance(node, ast.Call)
+        and getattr(node.func, "id", None) == "dict"
+        and any(k.arg == "code" for k in node.keywords)
+    )
+
+
+def _module_name(path: str) -> str:
+    parts = path.removesuffix(".py").split("/")
+    if parts[-1] == "__init__":
+        parts = parts[:-1]
+    return ".".join(["app", *parts])
+
+
+def _load(sources: dict[str, str]) -> dict[str, Module]:
+    mods: dict[str, Module] = {}
+    for path, src in sources.items():
+        tree = ast.parse(src)
+        parents = {child: node for node in ast.walk(tree) for child in ast.iter_child_nodes(node)}
+        origins: dict[str, set[tuple[str, str | None]]] = {}
+        ambiguous: set[str] = set()
+        for node in ast.walk(tree):
+            if isinstance(node, ast.ImportFrom) and node.module and node.level == 0:
+                for a in node.names:
+                    origins.setdefault(a.asname or a.name, set()).add((node.module, a.name))
+            elif isinstance(node, ast.Import):
+                for a in node.names:
+                    if a.asname:
+                        origins.setdefault(a.asname, set()).add((a.name, None))
+            elif isinstance(node, ast.Global):
+                ambiguous |= set(node.names)
+        top: dict[str, Node] = {}
+        count: dict[str, int] = {}
+        ambiguous |= {name for name, o in origins.items() if len(o) > 1}
+        for stmt in tree.body:
+            if isinstance(stmt, (ast.FunctionDef, ast.AsyncFunctionDef, ast.ClassDef)):
+                top[stmt.name] = stmt
+            elif isinstance(stmt, ast.Assign):
+                for t in stmt.targets:
+                    if isinstance(t, ast.Name):
+                        top[t.id] = stmt
+            elif isinstance(stmt, ast.AnnAssign) and isinstance(stmt.target, ast.Name):
+                top[stmt.target.id] = stmt
+            for n in [stmt] if isinstance(stmt, SCOPES) else _own_scope(stmt):
+                for name in _binds(n):
+                    count[name] = count.get(name, 0) + 1
+                    if isinstance(stmt, COMPOUND):
+                        ambiguous.add(name)
+        ambiguous |= {name for name, c in count.items() if c > 1}
+        imports = {name: next(iter(o)) for name, o in origins.items() if name not in ambiguous}
+        slots = {id(d) for _, d in detail_slots(tree) if d is not None}
+        name = _module_name(path)
+        mods[name] = Module(path, name, tree, parents, imports, top, ambiguous, slots)
+    return mods
+
+
+class Scan:
+    def __init__(self, sources: dict[str, str]):
+        self.mods = _load(sources)
+        self.errors: list[str] = []
+        self._following: set[tuple[str, str, str]] = set()
+        self._followed: dict[tuple[str, str, str], Res] = {}
+        self._resolving: set[int] = set()
+        self._factory: dict[int, bool] = {}
+        self._changed: dict[int, bool] = {}
+
+    # --- names ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    def lookup(
+        self, m: Module, name: str, seen: frozenset[tuple[str, str]] = frozenset()
+    ) -> tuple[Module, Node] | tuple[str, None] | None:
+        """What a module-level name is: (its module, its binding), or (a module's name, None)."""
+        if name in m.ambiguous:
+            return None
+        if name in m.top:
+            return m, m.top[name]
+        if name in m.imports:
+            mod, sym = m.imports[name]
+            if sym is None:
+                return (mod, None) if mod in self.mods else None
+            if f"{mod}.{sym}" in self.mods:
+                return f"{mod}.{sym}", None
+            if mod in self.mods and (mod, sym) not in seen:
+                return self.lookup(self.mods[mod], sym, seen | {(mod, sym)})
+        return None
+
+    def lookup_expr(self, m: Module, e: Node) -> tuple[Module, Node] | tuple[str, None] | None:
+        if isinstance(e, ast.Name):
+            return None if self.binder(m, e) is not None else self.lookup(m, e.id)
+        if isinstance(e, ast.Attribute):
+            base = self.lookup_expr(m, e.value)
+            if base and base[1] is None and isinstance(base[0], str):
+                return self.lookup(self.mods[base[0]], e.attr)
+        return None
+
+    def binder(self, m: Module, e: ast.Name) -> Node | None:
+        """The innermost scope `e` is bound in: a function (a parameter, or a binding in its own body), a
+        lambda (a parameter), a comprehension (its target); None: a module-level name."""
+        node = m.parents.get(e)
+        while node is not None:
+            if isinstance(node, (*FUNCS, ast.Lambda)):
+                a = node.args
+                params = [*a.posonlyargs, *a.args, *a.kwonlyargs, a.vararg, a.kwarg]
+                if e.id in {p.arg for p in params if p}:
+                    return node
+                if isinstance(node, FUNCS) and self.assignments(node, e.id):
+                    return node
+            elif isinstance(node, COMPREHENSIONS) and any(
+                e.id in _stored(g.target) for g in node.generators
+            ):
+                return node
+            node = m.parents.get(node)
+        return None
+
+    def at(self, m: Module, e: Node) -> str:
+        return f"{m.path}:{getattr(e, 'lineno', '?')}: {ast.unparse(e)}"
+
+    def enclosing(self, m: Module, e: Node, kind: type | tuple[type, ...]) -> Node | None:
+        node = m.parents.get(e)
+        while node is not None and not isinstance(node, kind):
+            node = m.parents.get(node)
+        return node
+
+    def assignments(self, fn: Node, name: str) -> list[Node]:
+        """What binds `name` in this function's own body (not in a nested one)."""
+        return [n for n in _own_scope(fn) if n is not fn and name in _binds(n)]
+
+    def caught_as(self, m: Module, e: Node, name: str) -> ast.ExceptHandler | None:
+        node = m.parents.get(e)
+        while node is not None and not isinstance(node, FUNCS):
+            if isinstance(node, ast.ExceptHandler) and node.name == name:
+                return node
+            node = m.parents.get(node)
+        return None
+
+    def references(
+        self, m: Module, target: Node
+    ) -> Iterator[tuple[Module, Node, ast.Call | None, bool]]:
+        """Every reference to a module-level def or class: the call it makes (None: not a call), and
+        whether it resolved. A reference named like it that the scan cannot resolve is yielded too."""
+        name = getattr(target, "name", None)
+        for cm in self.mods.values():
+            for node in ast.walk(cm.tree):
+                if not isinstance(node, (ast.Name, ast.Attribute)) or not isinstance(
+                    node.ctx, ast.Load
+                ):
+                    continue
+                if (node.id if isinstance(node, ast.Name) else node.attr) != name:
+                    continue
+                parent = cm.parents.get(node)
+                if isinstance(parent, ast.Attribute) and parent.value is node:
+                    continue
+                found = self.lookup_expr(cm, node)
+                if found:
+                    if not (found[0] is m and found[1] is target):
+                        continue
+                elif not self.unresolved(cm, node):
+                    continue
+                call = parent if isinstance(parent, ast.Call) and parent.func is node else None
+                yield cm, node, call, found is not None
+
+    def unresolved(self, m: Module, node: Node) -> bool:
+        """A name, or a dotted path, the app could mean that the scan cannot resolve: not a local, nor an
+        outside module's (an attribute of an object the function holds is not one)."""
+        root = node
+        while isinstance(root, ast.Attribute):
+            root = root.value
+        if not isinstance(root, ast.Name) or self.binder(m, root) is not None:
+            return False
+        if root.id in m.ambiguous or (root.id not in m.top and root.id not in m.imports):
+            return True
+        if root.id in m.top:
+            return False
+        if root is node:  # imported from an app module that does not bind it where the scan can see
+            mod = m.imports[root.id][0]
+            return (mod == "app" or mod.startswith("app.")) and self.lookup(m, root.id) is None
+        found = self.lookup(m, root.id)
+        return (
+            found is not None and found[1] is None
+        )  # an app module whose dotted path went nowhere
+
+    def changed(self, m: Module, stmt: Node, name: str, *, only_read: bool) -> bool:
+        """Something in the app stores into, deletes or rebinds the module-level `name` that `stmt` binds,
+        or (`only_read`, a map) uses it but by `map[k]` or a method that only reads it."""
+        key = id(stmt) * 2 + only_read
+        if key in self._changed:
+            return self._changed[key]
+        own = stmt.targets if isinstance(stmt, ast.Assign) else [getattr(stmt, "target", None)]
+        out = False
+        for cm in self.mods.values():
+            for node in ast.walk(cm.tree):
+                if out:
+                    break
+                if not (
+                    isinstance(node, ast.Name)
+                    and node.id == name
+                    or isinstance(node, ast.Attribute)
+                    and node.attr == name
+                ) or (cm is m and node in own):
+                    continue
+                found = self.lookup_expr(cm, node)
+                if not (found and found[0] is m and found[1] is stmt):
+                    continue
+                if not isinstance(node.ctx, ast.Load):
+                    out = True
+                elif only_read:
+                    p = cm.parents.get(node)
+                    out = not (
+                        isinstance(p, ast.Subscript)
+                        and p.value is node
+                        and isinstance(p.ctx, ast.Load)
+                        or isinstance(p, ast.Attribute)
+                        and p.attr in READS
+                    )
+        self._changed[key] = out
+        return out
+
+    # --- types ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    def ann_values(self, m: Module, ann: Node | None, depth: int = 0) -> set[str] | None:
+        """The values a `Literal[…]` annotation, or an alias of one, allows; None when it is not one."""
+        if isinstance(ann, ast.Subscript) and getattr(ann.value, "id", None) == "Literal":
+            items = ann.slice.elts if isinstance(ann.slice, ast.Tuple) else [ann.slice]
+            if all(isinstance(i, ast.Constant) and isinstance(i.value, str) for i in items):
+                return {i.value for i in items}
+            return None
+        if isinstance(ann, (ast.Name, ast.Attribute)) and depth < 8:
+            found = self.lookup_expr(m, ann)
+            if found and isinstance(found[0], Module) and isinstance(found[1], ast.Assign):
+                return self.ann_values(found[0], found[1].value, depth + 1)
+        return None
+
+    def classes(self, m: Module, e: Node | None) -> list[tuple[Module, ast.ClassDef]] | None:
+        found = self.lookup_expr(m, e) if e is not None else None
+        if found and isinstance(found[0], Module) and isinstance(found[1], ast.ClassDef):
+            return [(found[0], found[1])]
+        return None
+
+    def typed(self, m: Module, at: Node, name: str) -> list[tuple[Module, ast.ClassDef]] | None:
+        """The class `name` holds where `at` sits: the one an `except C as name` catches, or a parameter's
+        annotation (a parameter its body binds again holds no known class)."""
+        handler = self.caught_as(m, at, name)
+        if handler is not None:
+            return self.classes(m, handler.type)
+        fn = self.enclosing(m, at, FUNCS)
+        if fn is None:
+            return None
+        params = {a.arg: a for a in [*fn.args.posonlyargs, *fn.args.args, *fn.args.kwonlyargs]}
+        if name in params and not self.assignments(fn, name):
+            return self.classes(m, params[name].annotation)
+        return None
+
+    def attr_values(self, cm: Module, cls: ast.ClassDef, attr: str) -> set[str] | None:
+        """An attribute's `Literal` values, from `self.attr: T` in a method of the class."""
+        for node in ast.walk(cls):
+            if (
+                isinstance(node, ast.AnnAssign)
+                and isinstance(node.target, ast.Attribute)
+                and node.target.attr == attr
+                and getattr(node.target.value, "id", None) == "self"
+            ):
+                return self.ann_values(cm, node.annotation)
+        return None
+
+    # --- reasons -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    def resolve(self, m: Module, e: Node) -> Res:
+        if isinstance(e, ast.Constant):
+            if e.value is None:
+                return Res(none=True)
+            if isinstance(e.value, str):
+                return Res({e.value})
+        if isinstance(e, ast.IfExp):
+            return self.resolve(m, e.body) | self.resolve(m, e.orelse)
+        if isinstance(e, ast.Name):
+            return self.resolve_name(m, e)
+        if isinstance(e, ast.Attribute):
+            return self.resolve_attr(m, e)
+        if isinstance(e, ast.Call):
+            found = self.lookup_expr(m, e.func)
+            if found and isinstance(found[0], Module) and isinstance(found[1], FUNCS):
+                v = self.ann_values(found[0], found[1].returns)
+                if v is not None:
+                    return Res(v)
+        if isinstance(e, ast.Subscript):
+            return self.resolve_lookup(m, e)
+        return Res(unread=[self.at(m, e)])
+
+    def resolve_name(self, m: Module, e: ast.Name) -> Res:
+        if self.caught_as(m, e, e.id) is not None:
+            return Res(unread=[self.at(m, e)])  # the exception itself, not a reason
+        fn = self.binder(m, e)
+        if fn is None:
+            return Res(unread=[self.at(m, e)])
+        if not isinstance(fn, FUNCS):
+            return Res(unread=[f"{self.at(m, e)} (bound by a lambda or a comprehension)"])
+        if any(isinstance(n, (ast.Nonlocal, ast.Global)) and e.id in n.names for n in ast.walk(fn)):
+            return Res(unread=[f"{self.at(m, e)} (named by a nonlocal or a global)"])
+        a = fn.args
+        params = {p.arg: p for p in [*a.posonlyargs, *a.args, *a.kwonlyargs]}
+        assigned = self.assignments(fn, e.id)
+        if e.id in params:
+            if assigned:
+                return Res(unread=[f"{self.at(m, e)} (a parameter its body binds again)"])
+            return self.resolve_param(m, fn, params[e.id], e)
+        out = Res(unread=[] if assigned else [self.at(m, e)])  # `*args`, `**kwargs`
+        for s in assigned:
+            if not (isinstance(s, ast.Assign) and all(isinstance(t, ast.Name) for t in s.targets)):
+                out = out | Res(unread=[self.at(m, e)])
+            elif id(s) in self._resolving:
+                out = out | Res(unread=[f"{self.at(m, e)} (reached again while it is resolved)"])
+            else:
+                self._resolving.add(id(s))
+                out = out | self.resolve(m, s.value)
+                self._resolving.discard(id(s))
+        return out
+
+    def resolve_param(self, m: Module, fn: Node, param: ast.arg, e: Node) -> Res:
+        v = self.ann_values(m, param.annotation)
+        if v is not None:
+            return Res(v)
+        if param.annotation is not None and getattr(param.annotation, "id", None) != "str":
+            return Res(unread=[self.at(m, e)])
+        return self.follow(m, fn, param)
+
+    def follow(self, m: Module, fn: Node, param: ast.arg) -> Res:
+        """A `str` parameter of a helper: what every call of the helper passes it."""
+        assert isinstance(fn, FUNCS)
+        key = (m.name, fn.name, param.arg)
+        if key in self._followed:
+            return self._followed[key]
+        where = f"{m.path}:{fn.lineno}: {fn.name}({param.arg})"
+        if key in self._following:
+            return Res(unread=[f"{where} reached again while it is followed"])
+        if m.top.get(fn.name) is not fn or fn.name in m.ambiguous:
+            return Res(unread=[f"{where} is not a module-level helper"])
+        self._following.add(key)
+        positional = [a.arg for a in [*fn.args.posonlyargs, *fn.args.args]]
+        by_name = param not in fn.args.posonlyargs
+        out = Res()
+        for cm, node, call, resolved in self.references(m, fn):
+            if not resolved:
+                out = out | Res(
+                    unread=[f"{self.at(cm, node)} (a reference the scan cannot resolve)"]
+                )
+                continue
+            if call is None:
+                out = out | Res(unread=[f"{self.at(cm, node)} (the helper used as a value)"])
+                continue
+            kw = {k.arg: k.value for k in call.keywords}
+            given = param.arg in positional and positional.index(param.arg) < len(call.args)
+            if by_name and param.arg in kw:
+                out = out | self.resolve(cm, kw[param.arg])
+            elif any(isinstance(a, ast.Starred) for a in call.args):
+                out = out | Res(unread=[self.at(cm, call)])
+            elif given:
+                out = out | self.resolve(cm, call.args[positional.index(param.arg)])
+            else:
+                out = out | Res(unread=[f"{self.at(cm, call)} (does not pass {param.arg})"])
+        self._followed[key] = out  # once followed, its key answers from here: never reached again
+        return out
+
+    def resolve_attr(self, m: Module, e: ast.Attribute) -> Res:
+        base = e.value
+        if isinstance(base, ast.Name):
+            typed = self.typed(m, e, base.id)
+            if typed is not None:
+                out = Res()
+                for cm, cls in typed:
+                    v = self.attr_values(cm, cls, e.attr)
+                    out = out | (
+                        Res(v)
+                        if v is not None
+                        else Res(
+                            unread=[f"{self.at(m, e)} ({cls.name}.{e.attr} has no Literal type)"]
+                        )
+                    )
+                return out
+        found = self.lookup_expr(m, e)
+        if (
+            found
+            and isinstance(found[0], Module)
+            and isinstance(found[1], (ast.Assign, ast.AnnAssign))
+            and isinstance(found[1].value, ast.Constant)
+        ):
+            if self.changed(found[0], found[1], e.attr, only_read=False):
+                return Res(unread=[f"{self.at(m, e)} (bound again or deleted elsewhere)"])
+            return self.resolve(found[0], found[1].value)
+        return Res(unread=[self.at(m, e)])
+
+    def resolve_lookup(self, m: Module, e: ast.Subscript) -> Res:
+        found = self.lookup_expr(m, e.value)
+        if not (
+            found
+            and isinstance(found[0], Module)
+            and isinstance(found[1], (ast.Assign, ast.AnnAssign))
+        ):
+            return Res(unread=[self.at(m, e)])
+        table = found[1].value
+        if not isinstance(table, ast.Dict) or not all(
+            isinstance(k, ast.Constant) and isinstance(k.value, str) for k in table.keys
+        ):
+            return Res(unread=[self.at(m, e)])
+        name = e.value.attr if isinstance(e.value, ast.Attribute) else getattr(e.value, "id", "")
+        if self.changed(found[0], found[1], name, only_read=True):
+            return Res(unread=[f"{self.at(m, e)} (the map is changed after it is built)"])
+        out = Res()
+        for v in table.values:
+            out = out | self.resolve(found[0], v)
+        index = self.resolve(m, e.slice)
+        keys = {k.value for k in table.keys if isinstance(k, ast.Constant)}
+        if index.unread or index.none or index.values != keys:
+            self.errors.append(
+                f"{self.at(m, e)}: the map's keys {sorted(keys)} are not what its index can be "
+                f"{sorted(index.values)}{' + unread ' + str(index.unread) if index.unread else ''}"
+            )
+        return out
+
+    # --- sites ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    def is_detail(self, node: Node | None) -> bool:
+        if isinstance(node, ast.IfExp):
+            return self.is_detail(node.body) and self.is_detail(node.orelse)
+        return _code_dict(node)
+
+    def factory(self, m: Module, fn: Node) -> bool:
+        """A module-level function each return of which is a detail, and each reference to which is a
+        call sent as one (`quota_detail`)."""
+        assert isinstance(fn, FUNCS)
+        if id(fn) in self._factory:
+            return self._factory[id(fn)]
+        returns = [n for n in _own_scope(fn) if isinstance(n, ast.Return)]
+        ok = (
+            m.top.get(fn.name) is fn  # a name bound twice: its calls are unresolved below
+            and bool(returns)
+            and all(self.is_detail(r.value) for r in returns)
+        )
+        for cm, _, call, resolved in self.references(m, fn) if ok else []:
+            ok = resolved and id(call) in cm.slots  # a bare reference is no call: never sent
+            if not ok:
+                break
+        self._factory[id(fn)] = ok
+        return ok
+
+    def placed(self, m: Module, d: Node) -> bool:
+        """`d` is sent as a detail: from a sender's slot, through the arms of `a if c else b`, or as what a
+        factory returns."""
+        holder, p = d, m.parents.get(d)
+        while isinstance(p, ast.IfExp) and holder is not p.test:
+            holder, p = p, m.parents.get(p)
+        if id(holder) in m.slots:
+            return True
+        fn = self.enclosing(m, p, FUNCS) if isinstance(p, ast.Return) else None
+        return fn is not None and self.factory(m, fn)
+
+    def sayable(self, m: Module, d: Node | None) -> bool:
+        """What a slot holds is a detail the client can say: a code dict, or a factory's call."""
+        if isinstance(d, ast.IfExp):
+            return self.sayable(m, d.body) and self.sayable(m, d.orelse)
+        if _code_dict(d):
+            return True
+        found = self.lookup_expr(m, d.func) if isinstance(d, ast.Call) else None
+        return bool(
+            found
+            and isinstance(found[0], Module)
+            and isinstance(found[1], FUNCS)
+            and self.factory(found[0], found[1])
+        )
+
+    def entries(self, d: Node) -> list[tuple[str | None, Node]]:
+        """A dict's (key, value) pairs: None for a `**` spread, "?" for a key that is not a literal."""
+        if isinstance(d, ast.Dict):
+            return [
+                (
+                    k.value
+                    if isinstance(k, ast.Constant) and isinstance(k.value, str)
+                    else None
+                    if k is None
+                    else "?",
+                    v,
+                )
+                for k, v in zip(d.keys, d.values, strict=True)
+            ]
+        assert isinstance(d, ast.Call)
+        return [(None, a) for a in d.args] + [(k.arg, k.value) for k in d.keywords]
+
+    def site(self, m: Module, d: Node, out: dict) -> None:
+        items = self.entries(d)
+        code = Res()
+        for v in (v for k, v in items if k == "code"):
+            code = code | self.resolve(m, v)
+        problems = [
+            f"{self.at(m, v)} (a spread in dict())"
+            for k, v in items
+            if k is None and isinstance(d, ast.Call)
+        ] + [
+            f"{self.at(m, v)} (a spread or a computed key the code and the reason do not follow)"
+            for i, (k, v) in enumerate(items)
+            if k in (None, "?") and not {"code", "reason"} <= {k2 for k2, _ in items[i + 1 :]}
+        ]
+        if not self.placed(m, d):
+            problems.append(f"{self.at(m, d)} (a detail put where the scan cannot follow it)")
+        if code.unread or code.none or len(code.values) != 1 or problems:
+            out["unreadCodes"] += problems or [self.at(m, d)]
+            return
+        entry = out["codes"].setdefault(
+            next(iter(code.values)), {"reasons": set(), "unread": [], "sites": 0, "reasonless": []}
+        )
+        entry["sites"] += 1
+        res, has_reason = Res(), False
+        for k, v in items:
+            if k == "reason":
+                res, has_reason = res | self.resolve(m, v), True
+        if not has_reason or res.none:
+            entry["reasonless"].append(f"{m.path}:{d.lineno}")
+        entry["reasons"] |= res.values
+        entry["unread"] += res.unread
+
+    def other_details(self) -> list[tuple[str, int, str | None]]:
+        """Each slot that sends what the client cannot say — nothing, or anything but a code dict or a
+        factory's call: (its file, its line, the function it is sent from)."""
+        out = []
+        for m in self.mods.values():
+            for call, d in detail_slots(m.tree):
+                if self.sayable(m, d):
+                    continue
+                fn = self.enclosing(m, call, FUNCS)
+                out.append((m.path, call.lineno, getattr(fn, "name", None)))
+        return sorted(out)
+
+    def run(self) -> dict:
+        out: dict = {
+            "codes": {},
+            "unreadCodes": [],
+            "errors": self.errors,
+            "excluded": {},
+            "aliases": {},
+            "notRefusals": sorted(NOT_REFUSALS),
+        }
+        for m in self.mods.values():
+            for name, stmt in m.top.items():
+                if (
+                    isinstance(stmt, ast.Assign)
+                    and isinstance(stmt.value, ast.Subscript)
+                    and (v := self.ann_values(m, stmt.value))
+                ):
+                    out["aliases"].setdefault(m.path, {})[name] = sorted(v)
+            for node in ast.walk(m.tree):
+                if not _code_dict(node):
+                    continue
+                if m.path in NOT_REFUSALS:
+                    out["excluded"][m.path] = out["excluded"].get(m.path, 0) + 1
+                    continue
+                self.site(m, node, out)
+        for entry in out["codes"].values():
+            entry["reasons"] = sorted(entry["reasons"])
+        return out
+
+
+def scan(sources: dict[str, str]) -> dict:
+    return Scan(sources).run()
+
+
+def app_sources(app: pathlib.Path = APP) -> dict[str, str]:
+    return {
+        p.relative_to(app).as_posix(): p.read_text(encoding="utf-8")
+        for p in sorted(app.rglob("*.py"))
+        if "__pycache__" not in p.parts
+    }
+
+
+def scan_app(app: pathlib.Path = APP) -> dict:
+    return scan(app_sources(app))
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    json.dump(
+        scan_app(pathlib.Path(sys.argv[1]) if len(sys.argv) > 1 else APP),
+        sys.stdout,
+        indent=1,
+        sort_keys=True,
+    )

backend/tests/test_hls_reaper.py

@@ -83,6 +83,7 @@ class _Proc:
 
 class _Session:
     def __init__(self, tmp_path, name: str, finished: bool, idle_s: float):
+        self.key = name
         self.dir = tmp_path / name
         self.dir.mkdir()
         self.proc = _Proc(finished)

backend/tests/test_hls_teardown.py

@@ -0,0 +1,158 @@
+"""Tearing a session down does not stall everybody else's playback.
+
+Every segment request (`current_session`) and every checkpoint (`touch_session`) takes the one
+registry `_lock`. Stopping a session waits up to 3 s for its ffmpeg to exit and then deletes a whole
+segmented film, ~1200 files — and that used to happen under the same lock, so one viewer's seek, a
+cap cull or a reap pass held up every other viewer's HLS requests for seconds, each one a parked
+threadpool worker and its pooled DB connection.
+
+What still has to be atomic is pinned too: a session directory is reused for the same item, offset
+and tag, so a new session on that path must not start before the old ffmpeg — which writes by path
+— has exited.
+"""
+
+import threading
+import time
+
+import pytest
+
+from app.plex import stream
+
+
+class _SlowProc:
+    """An ffmpeg that takes a while to exit after TERM: `wait` blocks until `exited` is set."""
+
+    def __init__(self, order: list[str], name: str):
+        self.order = order
+        self.name = name
+        self.waiting = threading.Event()
+        self.exited = threading.Event()
+
+    def poll(self):
+        return 0 if self.exited.is_set() else None
+
+    def terminate(self):
+        pass
+
+    def kill(self):
+        self.exited.set()
+
+    def wait(self, timeout=None):
+        self.waiting.set()
+        if not self.exited.wait(timeout):
+            raise stream.subprocess.TimeoutExpired("ffmpeg", timeout)
+        self.order.append(f"{self.name} exited")
+        return 0
+
+
+class _Session:
+    def __init__(self, directory, proc, key: str):
+        self.id = f"sid-{key}"
+        self.key = key
+        self.dir = directory
+        self.proc = proc
+        self.last_access = time.time()
+        self.transcode = False
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def sessions(monkeypatch):
+    live: dict = {}
+    monkeypatch.setattr(stream, "_sessions", live)
+    monkeypatch.setattr(stream, "_dying", {}, raising=False)
+    return live
+
+
+def test_stopping_a_session_does_not_hold_up_another_viewers_requests(tmp_path, sessions):
+    order: list[str] = []
+    slow = _SlowProc(order, "a")
+    d = tmp_path / "1_u1_0_0_+0.00"
+    d.mkdir()
+    (d / "seg_0.ts").write_bytes(b"x")
+    sessions[(1, "a")] = _Session(d, slow, "a")
+    sessions[(2, "b")] = _Session(tmp_path / "2_u2_0_0_+0.00", _SlowProc(order, "b"), "b")
+
+    stopper = threading.Thread(target=stream.stop_session, args=(1, "a", "sid-a"))
+    stopper.start()
+    try:
+        assert slow.waiting.wait(2.0), "the stop never waited for its ffmpeg"
+        got: list = []
+        reader = threading.Thread(target=lambda: got.append(stream.current_session(2, "b")))
+        reader.start()
+        reader.join(1.0)
+        assert not reader.is_alive(), "a segment request waited on another viewer's teardown"
+        assert got and got[0] is sessions[(2, "b")]
+    finally:
+        slow.exited.set()
+        stopper.join(5.0)
+    # The teardown still finishes: the session is gone and nothing of its directory is left behind.
+    assert (1, "a") not in sessions
+    assert sorted(p.name for p in tmp_path.iterdir()) == []
+
+
+def test_a_reap_pass_does_not_hold_up_another_viewers_requests(tmp_path, sessions):
+    order: list[str] = []
+    slow = _SlowProc(order, "a")
+    d = tmp_path / "1_u1_0_0_+0.00"
+    d.mkdir()
+    gone = _Session(d, slow, "a")
+    gone.last_access = time.time() - stream._SESSION_IDLE_S - 5
+    sessions[(1, "a")] = gone
+    sessions[(2, "b")] = _Session(tmp_path / "2_u2_0_0_+0.00", _SlowProc(order, "b"), "b")
+
+    reaper = threading.Thread(target=stream.reap_idle)
+    reaper.start()
+    try:
+        assert slow.waiting.wait(2.0), "the reap never waited for its ffmpeg"
+        toucher = threading.Thread(target=stream.touch_session, args=(2, "b"))
+        toucher.start()
+        toucher.join(1.0)
+        assert not toucher.is_alive(), "a checkpoint waited on another viewer's teardown"
+    finally:
+        slow.exited.set()
+        reaper.join(5.0)
+    assert list(sessions) == [(2, "b")]
+    assert not d.exists()
+
+
+class _FakeItem:
+    rating_key = "12345"
+    file_path = "/media/movie.mkv"
+    playable = "remux"
+    codec_video = "h264"
+
+
+def test_a_new_session_on_a_dying_ones_path_starts_only_after_it_exited(
+    tmp_path, sessions, monkeypatch
+):
+    """The same item at the same second gets the same directory. The old ffmpeg writes by PATH, so
+    while it is still winding down after TERM it can write a segment — or, on a clean exit, a final
+    playlist with ENDLIST — into the NEW session's directory."""
+    order: list[str] = []
+    procs = iter([_SlowProc(order, "old"), _SlowProc(order, "new")])
+
+    def popen(*a, **k):
+        order.append("popen")
+        return next(procs)
+
+    monkeypatch.setattr(stream, "_HLS_ROOT", tmp_path)
+    src = tmp_path / "movie.mkv"
+    src.write_bytes(b"x")
+    monkeypatch.setattr(stream.paths, "local_media_path", lambda db, fp: src)
+    monkeypatch.setattr(stream.sysconfig, "get_int", lambda db, k: 2)
+    monkeypatch.setattr(stream.sysconfig, "get_bool", lambda db, k: False)
+    monkeypatch.setattr(stream.subprocess, "Popen", popen)
+    monkeypatch.setattr(stream, "wait_for", lambda *a, **k: True)
+
+    first = stream.start_session(db=None, user_id=7, item=_FakeItem(), start_s=0.0)
+    assert first is not None
+    stopper = threading.Thread(target=stream.stop_session, args=(7, "12345", first.id))
+    stopper.start()
+    assert first.proc.waiting.wait(2.0)
+    threading.Timer(0.3, first.proc.exited.set).start()
+    second = stream.start_session(db=None, user_id=7, item=_FakeItem(), start_s=0.0)
+    stopper.join(5.0)
+    assert second is not None and second.dir == first.dir
+    assert order.index("old exited") < order.index("popen", 1)
+    assert second.dir.is_dir(), "the old teardown deleted the new session's directory"
+    second.proc.exited.set()

backend/tests/test_http_details.py

@@ -1,53 +1,88 @@
-"""No refusal answers in a hand-written English sentence.
+"""No refusal answers in a way the client cannot say.
 
 The UI is bilingual and translates a structured `detail` (`{code, reason, …}`), but a string detail it
 can only print as it came — so ~150 of them reached the Hungarian UI verbatim, in the blocking error
 dialog and on every inline surface that shows `HttpError.detail`. `app/refusal.py` is the family they
-became; this test is what keeps a new one from being written the old way. Pure: it reads the sources.
+became; this test is what keeps a new one from being written the old way. It reads the same slots the
+refusal scan does (`refusal_sites.detail_slots`), so the two cannot disagree on where a detail is sent.
+Pure: it reads the sources.
 """
 
-import ast
+import textwrap
-import pathlib
 
-APP = pathlib.Path(__file__).resolve().parents[1] / "app"
+from tests.refusal_sites import Scan, app_sources
+
+# Answers that are no refusal of the app's, by the function they are sent from: the client shows a
+# detail only when it is an object (`lib/api/core.ts`), so these read as its generic line, and no screen
+# needs more from them.
+NO_REFUSAL = {
+    ("main.py", "setup_gate"): "the 503 before setup: the setup screen is what the user sees",
+    ("main.py", "spa_fallback"): "a bare 404 for an api path no route matches: no screen calls one",
+    ("main.py", "_validation_error"): "FastAPI's own 422 list: a body the client itself got wrong",
+    ("routes/diagnostics.py", "_parsed_events"): "the client-events beacon's 422: nothing shows it",
+}
 
 
-def _is_text(node: ast.AST) -> bool:
+def _offenders(sources: dict[str, str]) -> list[str]:
-    """A detail that is a sentence: a literal, an f-string, `str(exc)`, or `"…" + x`."""
+    return [
-    if isinstance(node, ast.Constant) and isinstance(node.value, str):
+        f"{path}:{line}"
-        return True
+        for path, line, fn in Scan(sources).other_details()
-    if isinstance(node, ast.JoinedStr):
+        if (path, fn) not in NO_REFUSAL
-        return True
+    ]
-    if isinstance(node, ast.Call) and getattr(node.func, "id", "") == "str":
-        return True
-    if isinstance(node, ast.BoolOp):
-        return any(_is_text(v) for v in node.values)
-    if isinstance(node, ast.BinOp):
-        return _is_text(node.left) or _is_text(node.right)
-    return False
 
 
-def test_no_http_exception_carries_a_sentence():
+def test_every_detail_is_one_the_client_can_say():
-    offenders = []
+    offenders = _offenders(app_sources())
-    for path in sorted(APP.rglob("*.py")):
-        for node in ast.walk(ast.parse(path.read_text(encoding="utf-8"))):
-            if not (
-                isinstance(node, ast.Call)
-                and getattr(node.func, "id", getattr(node.func, "attr", "")) == "HTTPException"
-            ):
-                continue
-            kw = {k.arg: k.value for k in node.keywords}
-            detail = kw.get("detail", node.args[1] if len(node.args) > 1 else None)
-            if detail is not None and _is_text(detail):
-                offenders.append(f"{path.relative_to(APP).as_posix()}:{node.lineno}")
     assert offenders == [], (
-        "a refusal with an English sentence for a detail — raise `refused(status, reason)` "
+        "a refusal the client can only answer with its generic line — send `{code, reason}` "
-        f"(app/refusal.py) and name the reason in both locales: {offenders}"
+        f"(`refused(status, reason)`), or list it in NO_REFUSAL with why: {offenders}"
     )
 
 
-def test_the_scan_sees_a_sentence_when_there_is_one():
+def test_the_detail_scan_sees_each_shape_the_client_cannot_say():
     """A guard that matches nothing is green over nothing."""
-    sample = ast.parse('HTTPException(status_code=400, detail=f"bad {x}")').body[0].value
+    src = textwrap.dedent(
-    assert _is_text(sample.keywords[1].value)
+        """
-    assert not _is_text(ast.parse('{"code": "refused", "reason": "x"}').body[0].value)
+        def f(x):
+            raise HTTPException(409, detail={"reason": "view_name_taken"})
+        def g(x):
+            raise HTTPException(409, dict(reason="taken"))
+        def h(x):
+            raise HTTPException(status_code=404)
+        def i(x):
+            return JSONResponse({"detail": "This instance isn't set up yet."}, status_code=503)
+        def j(x):
+            return JSONResponse(content={"detail": {"reason": "x"}}, status_code=409)
+        def k(x):
+            raise HTTPException(400, detail=f"bad {x}")
+        def l(x):
+            raise HTTPException(404, None)
+        def n(x, msg):
+            raise HTTPException(400, detail=msg)
+        def o(x):
+            raise HTTPException(400, detail=["a sentence"])
+        def p(x):
+            raise HTTPException(400, detail=describe(x))
+        def q(x):
+            raise HTTPException(400, detail={"code": "a"} if x else "text")
+        def r(x):
+            raise HTTPException(400, detail=nothing(x))
+        def nothing(x):
+            pass
+        def ok(x):
+            raise HTTPException(409, {"code": "refused", "reason": "x"})
+            raise HTTPException(409, detail=quota(x))
+            raise HTTPException(409, detail={"code": "a"} if x else {"code": "b"})
+            return JSONResponse({"detail": {"code": "too_large"}}, status_code=413)
+            return JSONResponse({"ok": True})
+        def quota(x):
+            return {"code": "quota", "reason": "files"}
+        def setup_gate(x):
+            return JSONResponse({"detail": "listed"}, status_code=503)
+        """
+    )
+    lines = (3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19, 21, 23, 25)
+    assert _offenders({"main.py": src}) == [f"main.py:{n}" for n in lines]
+    # A file whose code dicts are data still answers its refusals in a way the client can say.
+    data = 'def f():\n    raise HTTPException(400, "text")\n'
+    assert _offenders({"plex/tmdb.py": data}) == ["plex/tmdb.py:2"]

backend/tests/test_name_taken_detail.py

@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+"""A rename onto a name already taken says WHICH name is taken: the one asked for, not the row's
+old name (the rollback that follows the conflict puts the old name back on the row). DB lane.
+"""
+
+from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
+
+import app.state as state
+from app.auth import current_user
+from app.db import get_db
+from app.main import app
+from app.models import User
+
+
+def _client(db, monkeypatch, override_dep):
+    u = User(email="taken@example.com")
+    db.add(u)
+    db.commit()
+    monkeypatch.setattr(
+        state, "_configured_cache", True
+    )  # the request gate 503s an unconfigured app
+    override_dep(get_db, db.info["request"])
+    override_dep(current_user, lambda: u)
+    return TestClient(app)
+
+
+def test_renaming_a_view_onto_a_taken_name_names_the_taken_one(db, monkeypatch, override_dep):
+    c = _client(db, monkeypatch, override_dep)
+    gaming = c.post("/api/saved-views", json={"name": "gaming", "filters": {}, "source": "feed"})
+    assert gaming.status_code == 200
+    hh = c.post("/api/saved-views", json={"name": "hh", "filters": {}, "source": "feed"}).json()
+
+    r = c.patch(f"/api/saved-views/{hh['id']}", json={"name": "gaming"})
+
+    assert r.status_code == 409
+    assert r.json()["detail"] == {"code": "refused", "reason": "view_name_taken", "name": "gaming"}
+
+
+def test_renaming_a_tag_onto_a_taken_name_names_the_taken_one(db, monkeypatch, override_dep):
+    c = _client(db, monkeypatch, override_dep)
+    assert c.post("/api/tags", json={"name": "music"}).status_code == 200
+    news = c.post("/api/tags", json={"name": "news"}).json()
+
+    r = c.patch(f"/api/tags/{news['id']}", json={"name": "music"})
+
+    assert r.status_code == 409
+    assert r.json()["detail"] == {"code": "refused", "reason": "tag_name_taken", "name": "music"}

backend/tests/test_plex_finish.py

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ from datetime import datetime, timedelta, timezone
 from sqlalchemy import select
 
 from app.db import SessionLocal
-from app.plex.models import PlexItem, PlexLibrary, PlexState
+from app.plex.models import PlexItem, PlexLibrary, PlexSeason, PlexShow, PlexState
 from app.plex import service as plex_service
 from app.routes.plex import playback
 
@@ -81,3 +81,150 @@ def test_the_finish_supersedes_a_resume_push_still_in_flight(db, as_user, make_u
     )
     assert r.json() == {"ok": True, "status": "watched", "position_seconds": 0}
     assert playback._resume_push_superseded(user.id, item.id, earlier) is True
+
+
+def test_a_checkpoint_sent_before_the_finish_does_not_land_on_the_watched_row(
+    db, as_user, make_user, monkeypatch
+):
+    """The 10 s tick posted at 2699 of 3000 s (not near the end) races the credits auto-skip's
+    "watched". When the mark commits first, the late checkpoint used to write its position onto the
+    watched row and schedule a resume push after the scrobble: Plex showed the item in progress, and
+    a Plex-authoritative pull imported it back."""
+    user = make_user()
+    item = _item(db)
+    monkeypatch.setattr(playback.plex_stream, "touch_session", lambda uid, key: None)
+    client = as_user(user)
+    assert client.post("/api/plex/item/m1/state", json={"status": "watched"}).status_code == 200
+
+    r = client.post(
+        "/api/plex/item/m1/progress", json={"position_seconds": 2699, "duration_seconds": 3000}
+    )
+    assert r.status_code == 200, r.text
+    assert r.json() == {"ok": True, "status": "watched", "position_seconds": 0}
+    db.expire_all()
+    st = db.execute(select(PlexState).where(PlexState.item_id == item.id)).scalars().one()
+    assert (st.status, st.position_seconds) == ("watched", 0)
+
+
+def test_a_rewatch_records_its_position_once_the_finish_is_behind_it(
+    db, as_user, make_user, monkeypatch
+):
+    """The other half: a watched item played again is still checkpointed — only a position arriving
+    right on the heels of the mark is read as that mark's late tick."""
+    user = make_user()
+    item = _item(db)
+    long_ago = datetime.now(timezone.utc) - timedelta(days=3)
+    db.add(PlexState(user_id=user.id, item_id=item.id, status="watched", watched_at=long_ago))
+    db.commit()
+    monkeypatch.setattr(playback.plex_stream, "touch_session", lambda uid, key: None)
+    r = as_user(user).post(
+        "/api/plex/item/m1/progress", json={"position_seconds": 600, "duration_seconds": 3000}
+    )
+    assert r.json() == {"ok": True, "position_seconds": 600}
+    db.expire_all()
+    st = db.execute(select(PlexState).where(PlexState.item_id == item.id)).scalars().one()
+    assert (st.status, st.position_seconds) == ("watched", 600)
+
+
+def test_marking_watched_supersedes_a_resume_push_still_in_flight(
+    db, as_user, make_user, monkeypatch
+):
+    """The same guard the near-end finish has: a resume push scheduled before the mark must not reach
+    Plex after its scrobble."""
+    user = make_user()
+    item = _item(db)
+    earlier = datetime.now(timezone.utc) - timedelta(seconds=5)
+    assert playback._should_push_resume(user.id, item.id, earlier, final=True)
+    r = as_user(user).post("/api/plex/item/m1/state", json={"status": "watched"})
+    assert r.status_code == 200, r.text
+    assert playback._resume_push_superseded(user.id, item.id, earlier) is True
+
+
+def _state(db, user, item):
+    db.expire_all()
+    st = (
+        db.execute(
+            select(PlexState).where(PlexState.user_id == user.id, PlexState.item_id == item.id)
+        )
+        .scalars()
+        .one()
+    )
+    return st.status, st.position_seconds
+
+
+def test_a_mark_committed_after_the_checkpoints_read_still_refuses_it(db, make_user):
+    """The race itself, not its sequential shadow: the route read the row while it was still in
+    progress, and the finish committed from another session before the checkpoint wrote. Only a write
+    conditional on the row as it is NOW refuses that position."""
+    user = make_user()
+    item = _item(db)
+    db.add(PlexState(user_id=user.id, item_id=item.id, status="new", position_seconds=2690))
+    db.commit()
+    now = datetime.now(timezone.utc)
+    read = plex_service.state_row(db, user, item.id)  # what the checkpoint's route read: "new"
+    assert read.status == "new"
+
+    other = SessionLocal()
+    try:
+        assert plex_service.mark_finished(other, user.id, item.id, now) is True
+        other.commit()
+    finally:
+        other.close()
+
+    assert plex_service.checkpoint(db, user, item.id, read, 2699, now, dirty=True) is False
+    db.commit()
+    assert _state(db, user, item) == ("watched", 0)
+
+
+def test_a_tick_seconds_behind_the_mark_is_refused_a_rewatch_a_minute_later_is_not(db, make_user):
+    """A position right behind the mark is that mark's late tick; one a minute later is a rewatch.
+    Literal times on purpose: a window widened to an hour must fail here, not move with it."""
+    user = make_user()
+    item = _item(db)
+    now = datetime.now(timezone.utc)
+    st = PlexState(user_id=user.id, item_id=item.id, status="watched", watched_at=now)
+    db.add(st)
+    db.commit()
+
+    st.watched_at = now - timedelta(seconds=20)
+    db.commit()
+    assert plex_service.checkpoint(db, user, item.id, st, 600, now, dirty=True) is False
+    db.commit()
+    st.watched_at = now - timedelta(seconds=60)
+    db.commit()
+    assert plex_service.checkpoint(db, user, item.id, st, 600, now, dirty=True) is True
+    db.commit()
+    assert _state(db, user, item) == ("watched", 600)
+
+
+def test_marking_a_season_watched_supersedes_its_episodes_resume_pushes(db, as_user, make_user):
+    """The bulk mark has the same guard as one item's: an episode's resume push scheduled before
+    the season was marked must not reach Plex after the scrobble."""
+    user = make_user()
+    lib = PlexLibrary(plex_key="2", title="Shows", kind="show", enabled=True)
+    db.add(lib)
+    db.flush()
+    sh = PlexShow(rating_key="sh1", library_id=lib.id, title="Show")
+    db.add(sh)
+    db.flush()
+    se = PlexSeason(rating_key="se1", show_id=sh.id, season_number=1)
+    db.add(se)
+    db.flush()
+    ep = PlexItem(
+        rating_key="e1",
+        library_id=lib.id,
+        kind="episode",
+        title="E1",
+        show_id=sh.id,
+        season_id=se.id,
+        season_number=1,
+        episode_number=1,
+    )
+    db.add(ep)
+    db.commit()
+    earlier = datetime.now(timezone.utc) - timedelta(seconds=5)
+    assert playback._should_push_resume(user.id, ep.id, earlier, final=True)
+
+    r = as_user(user).post("/api/plex/season/se1/state", json={"watched": True})
+    assert r.json() == {"ok": True, "changed": 1, "watched": True}
+    assert playback._resume_push_superseded(user.id, ep.id, earlier) is True

backend/tests/test_plex_hls_file_route.py

@@ -198,6 +198,31 @@ def test_a_name_the_session_cannot_produce_fails_at_once(client, tmp_path, sessi
     assert elapsed < 2.0, f"waited {elapsed:.1f}s for a playlist this session never writes"
 
 
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    ("name", "audio_langs"),
+    [
+        ("seg_00.ts", None),  # `int()` reads it as segment 0, which needs no predecessor
+        ("seg_007.ts", None),  # …as segment 7, whose predecessor seg_6.ts is on disk
+        ("seg_٧.ts", None),  # an Arabic-Indic 7: `\d` and `int()` both take it
+        ("seg_a0_07.ts", ["hu", "en"]),
+        ("seg_0_00.ts", ["hu", "en"]),
+    ],
+)
+def test_a_segment_name_ffmpeg_never_spells_is_refused(tmp_path, name, audio_langs):
+    """ffmpeg writes `seg_%d.ts`: no padding, ASCII digits. A name that only PARSES to a sequence the
+    session has reached is still a file that will never appear, and saying yes to it parked the
+    request for the full 20 s wait — the parking this guard exists to end."""
+    d = tmp_path / "m1_0_0_+0.00"
+    d.mkdir()
+    for v in plex_stream.session_variants(audio_langs) or (None,):
+        (d / plex_stream.segment_name(6, v)).write_bytes(b"x")
+    sess = _Session("sid-a", d, running=True, audio_langs=audio_langs)
+    assert not plex_stream.artifact_may_arrive(sess, name)
+    # The canonical spelling of the same next segment is still accepted.
+    v = (plex_stream.session_variants(audio_langs) or (None,))[0]
+    assert plex_stream.artifact_may_arrive(sess, plex_stream.segment_name(7, v))
+
+
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("digits", [100, 5000])
 def test_an_absurd_segment_index_is_a_404_not_a_500(client, tmp_path, sessions, digits):
     """`int()` on an unbounded digit run raises ValueError past 4300 digits, and only OSError was
@@ -213,7 +238,7 @@ def test_an_absurd_segment_index_is_a_404_not_a_500(client, tmp_path, sessions,
 def test_a_session_torn_down_during_the_read_is_a_404_not_a_500(
     client, monkeypatch, tmp_path, sessions
 ):
-    """`_kill` rmtrees the whole directory and nothing holds `_lock` across the wait and the read,
+    """Teardown moves the whole directory aside and nothing holds `_lock` across the wait and the read,
     so the file can vanish in between — on every seek-restart, since `loadSession` awaits the new
     session before destroying the old hls instance. The player's recovery is keyed on the 404
     STATUS, so a 500 here skipped the reclaim and ended playback with "couldn't play"."""

backend/tests/test_plex_service.py

@@ -348,7 +348,8 @@ def test_an_early_checkpoint_drops_a_bare_state_and_zeroes_a_marked_one(db, make
     user = make_user()
     lib = _lib(db)
     bare, hid = _movie(db, lib, "bare"), _movie(db, lib, "hid")
-    st = service.checkpoint(db, user, bare.id, None, 120, NOW, dirty=True)
+    assert service.checkpoint(db, user, bare.id, None, 120, NOW, dirty=True)
+    st = queries.state(db, user, bare.id)
     assert (st.position_seconds, st.synced_to_plex) == (120, False)
     _state(db, user, hid, status="hidden", position_seconds=40)
     service.clear_progress(db, queries.state(db, user, bare.id), NOW)
@@ -429,7 +430,8 @@ def test_a_first_write_that_lost_the_race_updates_the_winners_row(db, make_user)
     user = make_user()
     it = _movie(db, _lib(db), "m-race")
     _state(db, user, it, position_seconds=10)  # the request that won, committed
-    st = service.checkpoint(db, user, it.id, None, 42, NOW, dirty=True)  # read "none" before it
+    assert service.checkpoint(db, user, it.id, None, 42, NOW, dirty=True)  # read "none" before it
+    st = queries.state(db, user, it.id)
     assert (st.position_seconds, st.synced_to_plex) == (42, False)
     st = service.set_status(db, user, it.id, None, "hidden")
     assert st.status == "hidden"

backend/tests/test_plex_session_stop.py

@@ -39,6 +39,7 @@ class _Proc:
 class _Session:
     def __init__(self, session_id: str, directory):
         self.id = session_id
+        self.key = "m1"
         self.dir = directory
         self.proc = _Proc()
         self.last_access = time.time()

backend/tests/test_plex_stream.py

@@ -26,6 +26,9 @@ from app.plex.stream import _SESSION_DIR_RE
         "12345_0_2_+0.00",  # current shape, explicit audio_ord
         "12345_842_multi_-1.25",  # multi-audio, negative offset
         "12345_842_multi_+12.50",
+        # a torn-down session's directory, moved aside to be deleted outside the lock — left behind
+        # only if the process died between the rename and the delete
+        "12345_u7_842_multi_+12.50.dead-0123abcd",
     ],
 )
 def test_our_session_directories_are_swept(name):
@@ -47,6 +50,9 @@ def test_our_session_directories_are_swept(name):
         "snapshot_2024_backup_+1.00",  # session-ish tail, but the key isn't a rating_key
         "backup_2024_multi_+0.00",
         ".config",
+        "12345_u7_0_0_+0.00.dead-",  # a tombstone suffix with no id
+        "12345_u7_0_0_+0.00.dead-notours!",
+        "backup_u7_0_0_+0.00.dead-0123abcd",
     ],
 )
 def test_foreign_directories_are_left_alone(name):
@@ -159,7 +165,7 @@ class TestSweepOrphans:
 
 
 class _FakeProc:
-    """Stand-in for the ffmpeg Popen — start_session only stores it (and _kill/reap poll it later)."""
+    """Stand-in for the ffmpeg Popen — start_session only stores it (and teardown/reap poll it later)."""
 
     def poll(self):
         return None
@@ -1052,3 +1058,63 @@ class TestSessionsPerViewer:
             self._start(monkeypatch, user_id=uid)
         assert len(stream._sessions) == 3 and (1, "12345") not in stream._sessions
         assert oldest.proc.killed and not oldest.transcode
+
+
+class TestTeardownFinishes:
+    """A session taken down by a cap or replaced by its own viewer is only renamed aside under the
+    lock; it is deleted after. The rename alone already moves the directory and `terminate()` alone
+    already marks the proc killed — so what is pinned here is the tomb: a whole segmented copy of the
+    film that only a restart's sweep would otherwise reclaim."""
+
+    capturing_env = TestTranscodeStartSession.capturing_env
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _left_behind(root):
+        return sorted(p.name for p in root.iterdir() if stream._TOMB in p.name) + sorted(
+            str(p) for p in stream._dying
+        )
+
+    def test_a_culled_session_is_deleted_not_only_moved_aside(self, capturing_env, monkeypatch):
+        monkeypatch.setattr(stream, "_dying", {})
+        first = TestSessionsPerViewer._start(monkeypatch, user_id=1, rating_key="1")
+        first.last_access -= 60
+        TestSessionsPerViewer._start(monkeypatch, user_id=1, rating_key="2")
+        TestSessionsPerViewer._start(monkeypatch, user_id=1, rating_key="3")
+        assert first.proc.killed and not first.dir.exists()
+        assert self._left_behind(capturing_env) == []
+
+    def test_a_viewers_restart_deletes_the_session_it_replaces(self, capturing_env, monkeypatch):
+        monkeypatch.setattr(stream, "_dying", {})
+        monkeypatch.setattr(
+            stream, "_select_encode", lambda db, item, transcode, src: (False, False)
+        )
+        monkeypatch.setattr(
+            stream, "_probe_first_pts", lambda seg: None
+        )  # no real segment to probe
+        old = stream.start_session(db=None, user_id=1, item=_FakeItem(), start_s=0.0)
+        new = stream.start_session(db=None, user_id=1, item=_FakeItem(), start_s=600.0)
+        assert old.proc.killed and new.dir.exists() and not old.dir.exists()
+        assert self._left_behind(capturing_env) == []
+
+    def test_a_restart_that_fails_to_start_still_deletes_what_it_replaced(
+        self, capturing_env, monkeypatch
+    ):
+        # The new ffmpeg cannot start (a full disk, no ffmpeg, no memory): the old session is already
+        # moved aside, and nothing else in this process would ever delete it.
+        monkeypatch.setattr(stream, "_dying", {})
+        monkeypatch.setattr(
+            stream, "_select_encode", lambda db, item, transcode, src: (False, False)
+        )
+        monkeypatch.setattr(
+            stream, "_probe_first_pts", lambda seg: None
+        )  # no real segment to probe
+        old = stream.start_session(db=None, user_id=1, item=_FakeItem(), start_s=0.0)
+
+        def no_ffmpeg(*args, **kwargs):
+            raise OSError(28, "No space left on device")
+
+        monkeypatch.setattr(stream.subprocess, "Popen", no_ffmpeg)
+        with pytest.raises(OSError):
+            stream.start_session(db=None, user_id=1, item=_FakeItem(), start_s=600.0)
+        assert old.proc.killed and not old.dir.exists()
+        assert self._left_behind(capturing_env) == []

backend/tests/test_refusal_sites.py

@@ -0,0 +1,770 @@
+"""The refusal scan (`refusal_sites.py`) on small sources: each shape on its closed list is followed to its
+values, and each exit from that list is reported, unread or as an unread code. A scan that silently drops a
+shape is a guard green over nothing, so every exit is pinned here, not only the paths the app takes. Pure:
+no app import, no database."""
+
+import textwrap
+
+from tests.refusal_sites import scan, scan_app
+
+
+def _scan(**files: str) -> dict:
+    return scan(
+        {f"{name.replace('__', '/')}.py": textwrap.dedent(src) for name, src in files.items()}
+    )
+
+
+def _code(result: dict, code: str) -> dict:
+    return result["codes"][code]
+
+
+def _unread(result: dict, code: str) -> list[str]:
+    return [u.split(": ", 1)[1] for u in _code(result, code)["unread"]]
+
+
+REFUSAL = """
+    from fastapi import HTTPException
+
+    def refused(status: int, reason: str, **params: object) -> HTTPException:
+        return HTTPException(status_code=status, detail={**params, "code": "refused", "reason": reason})
+"""
+
+
+def test_a_literal_wherever_it_sits_in_the_dict():
+    r = _scan(
+        a="""
+        def f(x):
+            raise HTTPException(409, {"code": "clip", "limit_s": 5, "reason": "too_long"})
+        def g(x):
+            raise HTTPException(409, {"reason": "before", "code": "clip"})
+        def h(x):
+            raise HTTPException(409, {
+                "code": "clip",  # a comment between
+                "reason": "after_comment",
+            })
+        def i(x):
+            raise HTTPException(409, detail=dict(code="clip", reason="by_call"))
+        """
+    )
+    assert _code(r, "clip")["reasons"] == ["after_comment", "before", "by_call", "too_long"]
+    assert _code(r, "clip")["unread"] == []
+
+
+def test_both_arms_of_a_conditional_and_a_none_arm_makes_the_site_reasonless():
+    r = _scan(
+        a="""
+        def f(x):
+            raise HTTPException(409, {"code": "edit", "reason": "a" if x else "b"})
+        def g(x):
+            raise HTTPException(409, {"code": "playlist", "reason": "lit" if x else None})
+        def h(x):
+            raise HTTPException(409, {"code": "busy", "reason": None})
+        """
+    )
+    assert _code(r, "edit")["reasons"] == ["a", "b"] and _code(r, "edit")["reasonless"] == []
+    assert _code(r, "playlist")["reasons"] == ["lit"]
+    assert _code(r, "playlist")["reasonless"] == ["a.py:5"]
+    assert _code(r, "busy")["reasonless"] == ["a.py:7"]
+
+
+def test_what_the_list_does_not_hold_is_unread():
+    r = _scan(
+        a="""
+        def f(x, svc):
+            raise HTTPException(409, {"code": "edit", "reason": x.why or "c"})
+        def g(svc):
+            raise HTTPException(409, {"code": "edit", "reason": svc.reason()})
+        def h():
+            raise HTTPException(409, {"code": "edit", "reason": 5})
+        def i(e):
+            raise HTTPException(409, {"code": "edit", "reason": f"x{e}"})
+        """
+    )
+    assert _unread(r, "edit") == ["x.why or 'c'", "svc.reason()", "5", "f'x{e}'"]
+    assert _code(r, "edit")["reasons"] == []
+
+
+def test_a_helper_is_followed_to_every_call_however_it_is_written():
+    r = _scan(
+        refusal=REFUSAL,
+        routes__a="""
+        from http import HTTPStatus
+        from app import refusal
+        from app.refusal import refused
+
+        def f(status):
+            raise refused(status, "by_name_status")
+        def g():
+            raise refused(HTTPStatus.CONFLICT, reason="by_keyword")
+        def h():
+            raise refusal.refused(409, "qualified")
+        def i(x):
+            raise refused(409, "a" if x else "second_arm")
+        """,
+        routes__b="""
+        from other.lib import refused
+
+        def f():
+            refused("an outside library's, not the app's")
+        """,
+    )
+    assert _code(r, "refused")["reasons"] == [
+        "a",
+        "by_keyword",
+        "by_name_status",
+        "qualified",
+        "second_arm",
+    ]
+    assert _code(r, "refused")["unread"] == []
+
+
+def test_a_call_the_helper_cannot_be_followed_through_is_unread():
+    r = _scan(
+        refusal=REFUSAL,
+        routes__a="""
+        from app.refusal import refused
+
+        def f(args, kw):
+            pick = refused
+            raise refused(*args)
+        def g(kw):
+            raise refused(409, **kw)
+        def h():
+            raise refused(409)
+        """,
+        routes__b="""
+        import app.refusal
+
+        def f():
+            raise app.refusal.refused(409, "dotted")
+        """,
+        routes__c="""
+        from ..refusal import refused
+
+        def f():
+            raise refused(409, "relative")
+        """,
+    )
+    unread = _unread(r, "refused")
+    assert len(unread) == 6
+    assert sum("the helper used as a value" in u for u in unread) == 1
+    assert sum("a reference the scan cannot resolve" in u for u in unread) == 2
+    assert sum("does not pass reason" in u for u in unread) == 2  # `**kw`, and nothing at all
+    assert any(u == "refused(*args)" for u in unread)
+    assert _code(r, "refused")["reasons"] == []
+
+
+def test_a_default_is_not_followed_a_call_must_pass_the_reason():
+    r = _scan(
+        routes___common="""
+        def not_found(what: str = "generic"):
+            return HTTPException(404, {"code": "not_found", "reason": what})
+
+        def get_or_404(db, id_, *, what: str = "generic"):
+            raise not_found(what)
+        """,
+        routes__a="""
+        from app.routes._common import get_or_404, not_found
+
+        def f(db):
+            get_or_404(db, 1, what="user")
+            get_or_404(db, 2)
+            raise not_found("debug_session")
+        def g():
+            raise not_found()
+        """,
+    )
+    assert _code(r, "not_found")["reasons"] == ["debug_session", "user"]
+    assert [u.endswith("(does not pass what)") for u in _unread(r, "not_found")] == [True, True]
+
+
+def test_a_positional_only_reason_passed_by_name_is_not_bound_to_it():
+    r = _scan(
+        a="""
+        def deny(reason: str, /, **params):
+            return HTTPException(409, {"code": "playlist", "reason": reason})
+
+        def f():
+            raise deny("by_position")
+        def g():
+            raise deny(reason="lands_in_params")
+        """
+    )
+    assert _code(r, "playlist")["reasons"] == ["by_position"]
+    assert _unread(r, "playlist") == ["deny(reason='lands_in_params') (does not pass reason)"]
+
+
+def test_a_helper_reaching_two_sites_gives_both_its_reasons_and_one_reached_again_is_unread():
+    r = _scan(
+        a="""
+        def deny(reason: str, admin):
+            if admin:
+                return HTTPException(409, {"code": "activate", "reason": reason})
+            return HTTPException(409, {"code": "playlist", "reason": reason})
+
+        def again(reason: str, n):
+            if n:
+                return again(reason, n - 1)
+            return HTTPException(409, {"code": "edit", "reason": reason})
+
+        def f():
+            raise deny("foo", True)
+        def g():
+            raise again("bar", 3)
+        """
+    )
+    assert _code(r, "activate")["reasons"] == ["foo"]
+    assert _code(r, "playlist")["reasons"] == ["foo"]
+    assert _code(r, "edit")["reasons"] == ["bar"]
+    assert any("reached again while it is followed" in u for u in _unread(r, "edit"))
+
+
+def test_a_parameter_its_body_binds_again_is_unread():
+    r = _scan(
+        a="""
+        from typing import Literal
+
+        def refused(status, reason: str = ""):
+            reason = reason or "fallback"
+            return HTTPException(status, {"code": "refused", "reason": reason})
+
+        def typed(reason: Literal["a"]):
+            if not reason:
+                reason = "b"
+            return HTTPException(409, {"code": "edit", "reason": reason})
+
+        def f():
+            raise refused(409, "x")
+        """
+    )
+    assert _code(r, "refused")["reasons"] == []
+    assert _unread(r, "refused") == ["reason (a parameter its body binds again)"]
+    assert _unread(r, "edit") == ["reason (a parameter its body binds again)"]
+
+
+def test_a_local_is_followed_only_through_plain_assignments():
+    r = _scan(
+        a="""
+        from typing import Literal
+
+        def f(x):
+            why = "first"
+            if x:
+                why = "second" if x > 1 else "third"
+            raise HTTPException(409, {"code": "edit", "reason": why})
+        def g(svc):
+            hit, why = svc.fetch()
+            raise HTTPException(409, {"code": "playlist", "reason": why})
+        def h(items):
+            for why in items:
+                pass
+            raise HTTPException(409, {"code": "playlist", "reason": why})
+        def i():
+            why: Literal["typed"] = pick()
+            raise HTTPException(409, {"code": "playlist", "reason": why})
+        def j(items):
+            LABELS[why] = "NotAReason"
+            raise HTTPException(409, {"code": "playlist", "reason": why})
+        def k(*why):
+            raise HTTPException(409, {"code": "playlist", "reason": why})
+        """
+    )
+    assert _code(r, "edit")["reasons"] == ["first", "second", "third"]
+    assert _code(r, "playlist")["reasons"] == []
+    assert _unread(r, "playlist") == [
+        "why",
+        "why",
+        "why",
+        "why",
+        "why",
+    ]  # unpacked, a loop, annotated, unbound, `*args`
+
+
+def test_a_call_answers_with_its_literal_return_type():
+    r = _scan(
+        a="""
+        from typing import Literal
+
+        def why(x) -> Literal["quota", "gone"]:
+            return "quota"
+        def how(x) -> str:
+            return "x"
+
+        def f(x):
+            raise HTTPException(409, {"code": "youtube", "reason": why(x)})
+        def g(x):
+            raise HTTPException(409, {"code": "youtube", "reason": how(x)})
+        """
+    )
+    assert _code(r, "youtube")["reasons"] == ["gone", "quota"]
+    assert _unread(r, "youtube") == ["how(x)"]
+
+
+def test_a_module_constant_is_read_only_as_mod_name_and_only_when_bound_once():
+    r = _scan(
+        urlguard="""
+        REASON_MALFORMED = "malformed"
+        TWICE = "a"
+        TWICE = "b"
+        if FLAG:
+            LATER = "c"
+        """,
+        routes__a="""
+        from app import urlguard
+
+        BARE = "bare"
+
+        def f():
+            raise HTTPException(409, {"code": "url_blocked", "reason": urlguard.REASON_MALFORMED})
+        def g():
+            raise HTTPException(409, {"code": "url_blocked", "reason": urlguard.TWICE})
+        def h():
+            raise HTTPException(409, {"code": "url_blocked", "reason": urlguard.LATER})
+        def i():
+            raise HTTPException(409, {"code": "url_blocked", "reason": BARE})
+        """,
+    )
+    assert _code(r, "url_blocked")["reasons"] == ["malformed"]
+    assert _unread(r, "url_blocked") == ["urlguard.TWICE", "urlguard.LATER", "BARE"]
+
+
+def test_a_name_imported_from_two_places_or_under_an_if_is_not_looked_up():
+    r = _scan(
+        m1='R = Literal["one"]',
+        m2='R = Literal["two"]',
+        a="""
+        def f():
+            from app.m1 import R
+        def g():
+            from app.m2 import R
+        def h(reason: R):
+            return HTTPException(409, {"code": "edit", "reason": reason})
+        """,
+        b="""
+        if FLAG:
+            from app.m1 import R
+        def h(reason: R):
+            return HTTPException(409, {"code": "playlist", "reason": reason})
+        """,
+        c="""
+        from app.m1 import R
+        def h(reason: R):
+            return HTTPException(409, {"code": "clip", "reason": reason})
+        """,
+    )
+    assert _code(r, "edit")["reasons"] == [] and _unread(r, "edit") == ["reason"]
+    assert _code(r, "playlist")["reasons"] == [] and _unread(r, "playlist") == ["reason"]
+    assert _code(r, "clip")["reasons"] == ["one"]
+
+
+def test_a_caught_exception_answers_with_the_literal_its_class_declares_on_self():
+    r = _scan(
+        errors="""
+        from typing import Literal
+        ClipReason = Literal["bad_range", "too_short"]
+        EditReason = Literal["not_media"]
+
+        class ClipError(Exception):
+            def __init__(self, reason: ClipReason, **params: float):
+                self.reason: ClipReason = reason
+                self.params = params
+
+        class EditError(Exception):
+            reason: EditReason
+
+        class Untyped(Exception):
+            def __init__(self, reason: str):
+                self.reason = reason
+
+        class Narrower(ClipError):
+            pass
+        """,
+        routes__a="""
+        from app import errors
+
+        def f():
+            try:
+                pass
+            except errors.ClipError as e:
+                raise HTTPException(422, {"code": "clip", "reason": e.reason})
+            except (errors.ClipError, errors.EditError) as e:
+                raise HTTPException(422, {"code": "clip", "reason": e.reason})
+            except errors.EditError as e:
+                raise HTTPException(422, {"code": "clip", "reason": e.reason})
+            except errors.Untyped as e:
+                raise HTTPException(422, {"code": "clip", "reason": e.reason})
+            except errors.Narrower as e:
+                raise HTTPException(422, {"code": "clip", "reason": e.reason})
+            except errors.ClipError as e:
+                raise HTTPException(422, {"code": "clip", "reason": e})
+        """,
+    )
+    assert _code(r, "clip")["reasons"] == ["bad_range", "too_short"]
+    assert _unread(r, "clip") == [
+        "e.reason",  # a tuple of classes
+        "e.reason (EditError.reason has no Literal type)",  # declared on the class body only
+        "e.reason (Untyped.reason has no Literal type)",
+        "e.reason (Narrower.reason has no Literal type)",  # a subclass: not looked up the bases
+        "e",  # the exception itself
+    ]
+
+
+def test_a_parameter_answers_with_its_literal_or_its_class_and_any_other_type_is_unread():
+    r = _scan(
+        a="""
+        from typing import Literal
+        Why = Literal["one", "two"]
+
+        class Err(Exception):
+            def __init__(self, reason: Literal["three"]):
+                self.reason: Literal["three"] = reason
+
+        def typed(reason: Why):
+            return HTTPException(409, {"code": "playlist", "reason": reason})
+        def inline(reason: Literal["four"]):
+            return HTTPException(409, {"code": "playlist", "reason": reason})
+        def by_class(exc: Err):
+            return HTTPException(409, {"code": "playlist", "reason": exc.reason})
+        def rebound(exc: Err):
+            exc = other()
+            return HTTPException(409, {"code": "playlist", "reason": exc.reason})
+        def optional(reason: Literal["five"] | None = None):
+            return HTTPException(409, {"code": "playlist", "reason": reason})
+        def quoted(reason: "Why"):
+            return HTTPException(409, {"code": "playlist", "reason": reason})
+        def number(reason: int):
+            return HTTPException(409, {"code": "playlist", "reason": reason})
+
+        class C:
+            def method(self, reason: str):
+                return HTTPException(409, {"code": "playlist", "reason": reason})
+        """
+    )
+    assert _code(r, "playlist")["reasons"] == ["four", "one", "three", "two"]
+    unread = _unread(r, "playlist")
+    # a parameter bound again, `| None`, a quoted annotation, `int`
+    assert unread[:4] == ["exc.reason", "reason", "reason", "reason"]
+    assert "method(reason) is not a module-level helper" in unread[4]
+    assert len(unread) == 5
+
+
+def test_a_str_helper_nobody_calls_sends_nothing():
+    r = _scan(
+        a="""
+        def helper(reason: str):
+            return HTTPException(409, {"code": "playlist", "reason": reason})
+        """
+    )
+    assert _code(r, "playlist") == {"reasons": [], "unread": [], "sites": 1, "reasonless": []}
+
+
+def test_a_map_lookup_is_its_values_and_its_keys_must_be_exactly_what_the_index_can_be():
+    src = """
+        from typing import Literal
+        SettingReason = Literal["too_low", "too_high"]
+
+        class InvalidSetting(ValueError):
+            def __init__(self, key: str, reason: SettingReason, **params: object):
+                self.reason: SettingReason = reason
+                self.params = params
+
+        _MAP: dict[SettingReason, str] = {{{keys}}}
+
+        def refused(status: int, reason: str, **params: object):
+            return HTTPException(status, {{**params, "code": "refused", "reason": reason}})
+
+        def setting_refused(exc: InvalidSetting):
+            return refused(400, _MAP[{index}], **exc.params)
+    """
+    both = '"too_low": "setting_too_low", "too_high": "setting_too_high"'
+    whole = _scan(a=src.format(keys=both, index="exc.reason"))
+    assert _code(whole, "refused")["reasons"] == ["setting_too_high", "setting_too_low"]
+    assert whole["errors"] == [] and whole["unreadCodes"] == []
+    for keys, index in [
+        ('"too_low": "setting_too_low"', "exc.reason"),  # a key short
+        (both + ', "gone": "setting_gone"', "exc.reason"),  # a key no index can be
+        (both, "exc.key"),  # an index the scan cannot read
+    ]:
+        r = _scan(a=src.format(keys=keys, index=index))
+        assert len(r["errors"]) == 1 and "not what its index can be" in r["errors"][0]
+
+
+def test_a_lookup_in_anything_but_a_module_dict_of_literal_keys_is_unread():
+    r = _scan(
+        a="""
+        BUILT = make()
+        NUMBERED = {1: "one"}
+
+        def f(table, k):
+            raise HTTPException(409, {"code": "edit", "reason": table[k]})
+        def g(k):
+            raise HTTPException(409, {"code": "edit", "reason": BUILT[k]})
+        def h(k):
+            raise HTTPException(409, {"code": "edit", "reason": NUMBERED[k]})
+        """
+    )
+    assert _unread(r, "edit") == ["table[k]", "BUILT[k]", "NUMBERED[k]"]
+    assert r["errors"] == []
+
+
+def test_a_code_must_be_one_literal():
+    r = _scan(
+        a="""
+        BUSY = "busy"
+        def f(code):
+            raise HTTPException(409, {"code": "busy"})
+        def g(code):
+            raise HTTPException(409, {"code": code})
+        def h():
+            raise HTTPException(409, {"code": BUSY})
+        def i(x):
+            raise HTTPException(409, {"code": "a" if x else "b"})
+        def j(x):
+            raise HTTPException(409, {"code": "a" if x else None})
+        def k(key):
+            raise HTTPException(409, {"code": "edit", key: "late"})
+        """
+    )
+    assert r["codes"]["busy"]["reasonless"] == ["a.py:4"]
+    assert set(r["codes"]) == {"busy"}
+    assert len(r["unreadCodes"]) == 5
+    assert r["unreadCodes"][-1].endswith(
+        "(a spread or a computed key the code and the reason do not follow)"
+    )
+
+
+def test_a_spread_or_a_computed_key_stands_before_both_the_code_and_the_reason():
+    def unread_codes(detail: str) -> list[str]:
+        return _scan(a=f"def f(x, more, key):\n    raise HTTPException(409, {detail})\n")[
+            "unreadCodes"
+        ]
+
+    assert unread_codes('{**more, "code": "refused", "reason": "a"}') == []
+    assert unread_codes('{key: 1, **more, "reason": "a", "code": "refused"}') == []
+    for late in [
+        '{"code": "refused", "reason": "a", **more}',  # the spread may replace both
+        '{"code": "refused", **more, "reason": "a"}',  # … the code
+        '{"reason": "a", **more, "code": "refused"}',  # … the reason
+        '{**more, "code": "refused"}',  # no reason after it: the spread may carry one
+        '{"code": "refused", "reason": "a", key: "x"}',  # a key that may be either
+        'dict(**more, code="refused", reason="a")',  # dict() raises on a repeated key
+        'dict(more, code="refused", reason="a")',
+    ]:
+        assert unread_codes(late), late
+
+
+def test_a_detail_stands_only_where_it_is_sent():
+    def result(body: str, extra: str = "") -> dict:
+        return _scan(a=f"def f(x, cached, fix):\n{textwrap.indent(body, '    ')}\n{extra}")
+
+    for body in [
+        'detail = {"code": "login", "reason": "a"}\nraise HTTPException(401, detail)',
+        'if (detail := {"code": "login", "reason": "a"}):\n    raise HTTPException(401, detail)',
+        'raise HTTPException(401, {"code": "login", "reason": "a"}.copy())',
+        'raise HTTPException(401, fix({"code": "login", "reason": "a"}))',
+        'raise HTTPException(401, cached or {"code": "login", "reason": "a"})',
+        'return JSONResponse({"code": "login", "reason": "a"}, status_code=401)',  # the whole body
+        'raise HTTPException(401, None, {"code": "login", "reason": "a"})',  # the headers
+        'raise HTTPException(401, headers={"code": "login", "reason": "a"})',
+        'raise HTTPException(401, "a" if {"code": "login", "reason": "a"} else "b")',
+    ]:
+        r = result(body)
+        assert r["unreadCodes"] and "login" not in r["codes"], body
+        assert "(a detail put where the scan cannot follow it)" in r["unreadCodes"][0], body
+    held = _scan(a='class C:\n    detail = {"code": "login"}\n')
+    assert "(a detail put where the scan cannot follow it)" in held["unreadCodes"][0]
+
+    sent = result(
+        'raise HTTPException(401, {"code": "login", "reason": "a"} if x else {"code": "login"})\n'
+        'raise HTTPException(401, detail=dict(code="login", reason="b"))\n'
+        'return JSONResponse(content={"detail": {"code": "login", "reason": "c"}})'
+    )
+    assert sent["unreadCodes"] == [] and _code(sent, "login")["reasons"] == ["a", "b", "c"]
+
+
+def test_a_factory_is_a_detail_only_when_each_return_is_one_and_each_call_is_sent():
+    factory = """
+def quota(e) -> dict:
+    return {"code": "quota", "reason": "files"}
+"""
+    sent = "def f(e):\n    raise HTTPException(422, detail=quota(e))\n"
+    assert _scan(a=factory + sent)["codes"]["quota"]["reasons"] == ["files"]
+    for change in [
+        "def g(e):\n    d = quota(e)\n    d['code'] = 'other'\n    raise HTTPException(422, d)\n",
+        "def g(e):\n    raise HTTPException(422, detail=quota(e).copy())\n",
+        "pick = quota\n",
+    ]:
+        r = _scan(a=factory + sent + change)
+        assert r["unreadCodes"] and "quota" not in r["codes"], change
+    twice = _scan(a="quota = None\n" + factory + sent)  # the def is the last of two bindings
+    assert twice["unreadCodes"] and "quota" not in twice["codes"]
+    for other in [
+        "    if e:\n        return None\n",
+        "    if e:\n        return cached\n",
+        "    if e:\n        return {'code': 'quota', 'reason': 'x'} if e > 1 else None\n",
+        "    log({'code': 'quota', 'reason': 'logged'})\n",  # a detail it does not return
+    ]:
+        bent = factory.replace("-> dict:\n", "-> dict:\n" + other)
+        assert _scan(a=bent + sent)["unreadCodes"], other
+    method = "class C:\n    def quota(self):\n        return {'code': 'quota', 'reason': 'm'}\n"
+    assert _scan(a=method)["unreadCodes"]
+    dotted = _scan(
+        a=factory,
+        routes__b="import app.a\n\ndef g(e):\n    raise HTTPException(422, detail=app.a.quota(e))\n",
+    )
+    assert dotted["unreadCodes"] and "quota" not in dotted["codes"]
+
+
+def test_a_name_a_lambda_a_comprehension_a_nonlocal_or_a_global_binds_is_unread():
+    r = _scan(
+        a="""
+        def f(svc):
+            why = "invalid"
+            make = lambda why: HTTPException(401, {"code": "login", "reason": why})
+            raise make(svc.state)
+        def g(svc):
+            why = "invalid"
+            raise [HTTPException(401, {"code": "login", "reason": why}) for why in svc.all][0]
+        def h(svc):
+            why = "invalid"
+            def inner():
+                nonlocal why
+                why = svc.reason
+            inner()
+            raise HTTPException(401, {"code": "login", "reason": why})
+        def i(svc):
+            global why
+            why = "invalid"
+            raise HTTPException(401, {"code": "login", "reason": why})
+        """
+    )
+    assert _code(r, "login")["reasons"] == []
+    assert sorted(_unread(r, "login")) == [
+        "why (bound by a lambda or a comprehension)",
+        "why (bound by a lambda or a comprehension)",
+        "why (named by a nonlocal or a global)",
+        "why (named by a nonlocal or a global)",
+    ]
+
+
+def test_a_local_that_reaches_itself_is_unread():
+    r = _scan(
+        a="""
+        def f(x):
+            why = "a"
+            if x:
+                why = why if x > 1 else "b"
+            raise HTTPException(409, {"code": "edit", "reason": why})
+        def g(x):
+            a = "z"
+            b = a
+            a = b
+            raise HTTPException(409, {"code": "playlist", "reason": a})
+        def h(x):
+            why = "c"
+            if x:
+                raise HTTPException(409, {"code": "busy", "reason": why})
+            raise HTTPException(409, {"code": "busy", "reason": why})
+        """
+    )
+    assert _code(r, "busy")["reasons"] == ["c"] and _code(r, "busy")["unread"] == []
+    assert _code(r, "edit")["reasons"] == ["a", "b"]
+    assert _unread(r, "edit") == ["why (reached again while it is resolved)"]
+    assert _code(r, "playlist")["reasons"] == ["z"]
+    assert any("reached again while it is resolved" in u for u in _unread(r, "playlist"))
+
+
+def test_a_module_constant_or_a_map_changed_elsewhere_is_unread():
+    def reasons(urlguard: str, route: str = "", **more: str) -> tuple[list[str], list[str]]:
+        r = _scan(
+            **more,
+            urlguard="REASON = 'malformed'\n_MAP = {'a': 'map_a'}\n" + urlguard,
+            routes__a="from app import urlguard\n"
+            + route
+            + "\ndef f(k: Literal['a']):\n"
+            + "    raise HTTPException(409, {'code': 'url_blocked', 'reason': urlguard.REASON})\n"
+            + "    raise HTTPException(409, {'code': 'url_blocked', 'reason': urlguard._MAP[k]})\n",
+        )
+        return _code(r, "url_blocked")["reasons"], _unread(r, "url_blocked")
+
+    assert reasons("def get(k):\n    return _MAP.get(k)\n") == (["malformed", "map_a"], [])
+    other = "from app import other\ndef g():\n    other.REASON = 'x'\n"  # another module's REASON
+    assert reasons("", other, other="REASON = 'y'\n") == (["malformed", "map_a"], [])
+    shadow = (
+        "def h(*urlguard):\n"
+        "    raise HTTPException(409, {'code': 'url_blocked', 'reason': urlguard.REASON})\n"
+    )
+    assert reasons("", shadow)[1] == ["urlguard.REASON"]
+    for urlguard, route in [
+        ("def reset():\n    global REASON\n    REASON = 'x'\n", ""),
+        ("", "def g():\n    urlguard.REASON = 'x'\n"),
+        ("", "def g():\n    del urlguard.REASON\n"),
+    ]:
+        assert reasons(urlguard, route)[0] == ["map_a"], (urlguard, route)
+    for urlguard in [
+        "_MAP['a'] = compute()\n",
+        "def init(x):\n    _MAP['a'] = x\n",
+        "_MAP.update(a='other')\n",
+        "def drop():\n    del _MAP['a']\n",
+        "register(_MAP)\n",
+    ]:
+        got, unread = reasons(urlguard)
+        assert got == ["malformed"] and "(the map is changed after it is built)" in unread[0]
+
+
+def test_a_helper_bound_twice_is_not_followed():
+    r = _scan(
+        refusal="refused = None\n" + textwrap.dedent(REFUSAL),
+        routes__a="from app.refusal import refused\n\ndef f():\n    raise refused(409, 'lost')\n",
+    )
+    assert _code(r, "refused")["reasons"] == []
+    assert _unread(r, "refused")[0].endswith("refused(reason) is not a module-level helper")
+
+
+def test_a_dotted_path_through_an_app_module_that_goes_nowhere_is_unread():
+    r = scan(
+        {
+            "__init__.py": "",
+            "refusal.py": textwrap.dedent(REFUSAL),
+            "routes/a.py": "import app as a\n\ndef f():\n    raise a.refusal.refused(409, 'dotted')\n",
+        }
+    )
+    assert _unread(r, "refused") == ["a.refusal.refused (a reference the scan cannot resolve)"]
+
+
+def test_a_helper_reached_through_an_app_module_that_does_not_bind_it_is_unread():
+    for shim in [
+        "from app.refusal import *\n",
+        "try:\n    from app.refusal import refused\nexcept ImportError:\n    refused = None\n",
+    ]:
+        r = _scan(
+            refusal=REFUSAL,
+            shim=shim,
+            routes__a="from app.shim import refused\n\ndef f():\n    raise refused(409, 'hidden')\n",
+        )
+        assert _unread(r, "refused") == ["refused (a reference the scan cannot resolve)"], shim
+    package = scan(
+        {
+            "pkg/refusal.py": textwrap.dedent(REFUSAL),
+            "pkg/__init__.py": "from .refusal import refused\n",
+            "routes/a.py": "from app.pkg import refused\n\ndef f():\n    raise refused(409, 'hidden')\n",
+        }
+    )
+    assert _unread(package, "refused") == ["refused (a reference the scan cannot resolve)"]
+
+
+def test_the_data_files_are_excluded_by_name_only():
+    r = _scan(
+        plex__tmdb='def f():\n    return {"code": "HU", "name": "Hungary"}',
+        plex__other='def f():\n    return {"code": "HU"}',
+    )
+    assert r["excluded"] == {"plex/tmdb.py": 1}
+    assert "HU" in r["codes"]
+
+
+def test_the_app_scans():
+    """The real tree, on the interpreter the backend runs: every refusal it holds is read (the
+    frontend's contract judges what is read)."""
+    result = scan_app()
+    assert {"refused", "not_found", "login", "clip"} <= set(result["codes"])
+    assert result["errors"] == [] and result["unreadCodes"] == []

docs/DESIGN.md

@@ -378,7 +378,11 @@ Which actions are visible and which live in a menu.
   managing the shares, re-download, the copies, cancel / delete / remove
   behind their confirms); a link inside a row keeps the browser's own right-click menu. A notification
   row keeps its link and its unread mark, shows its dismiss on hover (in the "…" on touch), and its
-  "…" holds find / undo for an activity notice. The notification center's band keeps Mark all read
+  "…" holds find / undo for an activity notice. The notification center lists what asks for the
+  reader first ("Needs you · n": an unread row, a notice waiting on an action — one read during the
+  visit keeps its place there until Mark all read), then one stream of both sources, newest first,
+  and folds read rows older than a week under "Earlier (n)", a heading-style disclosure, closed — Back to a row
+  that folded away since opens it on that row. Its band keeps Mark all read
   and puts Clear everything, now behind a confirm, in its "…"; the Scheduler's strip keeps Run all
   and Pause and puts Purge discovery in its "…". A list whose row objects are rebuilt each render or replaced by a
   poll passes `useContextMenu({ keyOf })` (its id), so the "…" still closes its own menu. A menu's
@@ -824,3 +828,4 @@ of a full-width panel and nothing on the right.
 | 2026-10-25 | Player panel glyphs (owner 1A, 2A, 3)            | In the side panel the queue row is glyph-only on one line, and Mark watched is a glyph toggle among the actions (✓ / ✓✓); the docked bar keeps its labels; the related switch at the default size, "Trending"                                                                                                                                                                                       | Labelled buttons wrapping onto three lines; glyphs on the docked bar too; Mark watched on its own line                                                                                                 | The panel is narrow and the list controls are the same few every time; each glyph keeps its full name and shortcut in its tooltip; the docked bar has the width for words                                                    |
 | 2026-10-25 | Auto-advance glyphs (owner E A, H a)             | Auto-advance wears list glyphs (`ListEnd` next and off, `ListStart` previous, `Shuffle` random), in the panel and the docked bar; the auto-advance and loop cycles are `lit`, not `pressed`                                                                                                                                                                                                         | The skip arrows for the mode; an X'd list for off; `aria-pressed` on a cycle                                                                                                                           | Beside Previous / Next the skip arrows read as a second Next; a cycle of three or four modes is no two-state switch, and its name already says which                                                                         |
 | 2026-10-25 | Restart and Reset glyphs (owner L A)             | A menu's Play from the beginning wears `RotateCcw`, as the card's own Restart does; Reset (clear progress and status) wears `Eraser`; Redownload wears `RefreshCw`, the retry arrow                                                                                                                                                                                                                 | The skip arrow ⏮ on the menu's Restart; `RotateCcw` on both Restart and Reset; `TimerReset` for Restart                                                                                               | ⏮ is Previous beside the player; one action wore two glyphs, and two actions in one menu would have worn one                                                                                                                |
+| 2026-10-28 | Notification order (owner A-D1 a, A-D2 a, ★ a)   | What asks for the reader first, from either source ("Needs you · n"), then one stream newest first; read rows older than a week fold under "Earlier (n)", closed, its label in the section-heading style with a chevron                                                                                                                                                                             | One stream with no band; this browser's activity above the server's (the two fixed sections); a server-side retention that deletes old rows                                                            | An admin's access requests sat under up to a hundred server rows; week-old read notices crowded what is new; folding keeps the rows (nothing is deleted) and an unread row never folds, whatever its age                     |

docs/development.md

@@ -144,7 +144,8 @@ npm run typecheck     # tsc x3 (app / node / e2e)
 npm run lint          # eslint (typed rules included; warnings fail)
 npm run format:check  # prettier
 npm run knip          # unused files/exports/deps
-npm run test          # vitest (incl. the compiler and gate-register contracts)
+npm run test          # vitest (incl. the compiler and gate-register contracts; the refusal contract runs
+                      # the host's `python` on backend/tests/refusal_sites.py, stdlib only)
 npx vite build        # the production bundle (devOnlyGuard fails it on dev-only code, chunkGuard on a lazy page loaded at boot)
 npm audit --omit=dev --audit-level=high   # what ships to the browser, at high or above
 ```

frontend/e2e/bookmark.spec.ts

@@ -196,7 +196,7 @@ test.describe("a bookmark reopens the view it was taken of", () => {
   test("a channel page's own tab, over the page it was opened from", async ({ page, browser }) => {
     await openApp(page, "/?page=feed");
     await expect(page.getByTestId("video-card").first()).toBeVisible();
-    expect(await clickVisibleChannelLink(page)).toBe(true);
+    await clickVisibleChannelLink(page);
     const title = await page.getByTestId("channel-title").textContent();
     await tab(page, "About").click();
     const fresh = await bookmarked(browser, page);

frontend/e2e/channel.spec.ts

@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ test.describe("channel view", () => {
     // `.first()` here would grab an overscan card ABOVE the viewport, and Playwright's scroll-into-
     // view would move the feed before navigating, so Back would restore that moved position, not
     // the one under test. (This is what made the test fail while the app was in fact correct.)
-    expect(await clickVisibleChannelLink(page)).toBe(true);
+    await clickVisibleChannelLink(page);
     await expect(page.getByTestId("channel-title")).toBeVisible();
     await page.getByTestId("channel-back").click();
     await expect(page.getByTestId("video-card").first()).toBeVisible();

frontend/e2e/helpers.ts

@@ -33,23 +33,41 @@ export async function gotoPage(page: Page, id: string): Promise<void> {
  * that then asserts on where the feed was. Being inside the viewport is not enough either: a card
  * can sit under the page chrome above the scroller (the update banner, the toolbar band), and the
  * covered click makes Playwright scroll and retry — the same move (webkit failed 3 in 24).
- * So the link must be the element hit at its own centre. Returns false if none found.
+ * So the link must be the element hit at its own centre; none within the wait fails the test, with
+ * the poll's own message. Looked for again until one is, not once: a fresh load is still settling
+ * when the first card shows (the links move down ~55px), and webkit can answer the hit test at a
+ * link's new centre with the card under it — every link missed in 1 of 30 runs. A link that goes
+ * away mid-look (its evaluate waits for it, or throws) counts as not hit, so the next look runs.
  */
-export async function clickVisibleChannelLink(page: Page): Promise<boolean> {
+export async function clickVisibleChannelLink(page: Page): Promise<void> {
   const links = page.getByTestId("video-card-channel").filter({ visible: true });
+  let index = -1;
+  const findHittable = async () => {
     const count = await links.count();
     for (let i = 0; i < count; i++) {
-    const hittable = await links.nth(i).evaluate((el) => {
+      const hittable = await links
+        .nth(i)
+        .evaluate(
+          (el) => {
             const r = el.getBoundingClientRect();
             const hit = document.elementFromPoint(r.left + r.width / 2, r.top + r.height / 2);
             return hit !== null && el.contains(hit);
-    });
+          },
-    if (hittable) {
+          undefined,
-      await links.nth(i).click();
+          { timeout: 1000 },
-      return true;
+        )
+        .catch(() => false);
+      if (hittable) return i;
     }
-  }
+    return -1;
-  return false;
+  };
+  await expect
+    .poll(async () => (index = await findHittable()), {
+      message: "a channel link hit at its own centre",
+      timeout: 5000,
+    })
+    .toBeGreaterThan(-1);
+  await links.nth(index).click();
 }
 
 /**

frontend/src/PlaylistEditFailures.dom.test.tsx

@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ vi.mock("react-i18next", async (importOriginal) => {
 });
 vi.mock("./components/ui/confirmContext", () => ({ useConfirm: () => async () => true }));
 const { notify } = vi.hoisted(() => ({
-  notify: vi.fn((_n: { level: string; message: string }) => 0),
+  notify: vi.fn((_n: { level: string; message: NotifText }) => 0),
 }));
 vi.mock("./lib/notifications", async (importOriginal) => ({
   ...(await importOriginal<typeof import("./lib/notifications")>()),
@@ -35,6 +35,7 @@ import PlexPlaylistAdd from "./features/plexCards/PlexPlaylistAdd";
 import TagManager from "./features/channel/TagManager";
 import { api, HttpError, type PlexCard } from "./lib/api";
 import { qk } from "./lib/queryKeys";
+import type { NotifText } from "./lib/notifications";
 
 beforeAll(() => {
   class Stub {
@@ -98,7 +99,7 @@ describe("the Plex playlist page", () => {
       () => fireEvent.contextMenu(screen.getByText("Movie 1").closest("[data-nav-index]")!),
       "plex.playlist.removeFromPlaylist",
     );
-    await waitFor(() => expect(errors()).toEqual(["gone playlist"]));
+    await waitFor(() => expect(errors()).toEqual([{ detail: gone("playlist").detailData }]));
     await act(async () => void (await new Promise((r) => setTimeout(r, 20))));
     expect(screen.getByText("Movie 1")).toBeTruthy();
   });
@@ -119,7 +120,7 @@ describe("the Plex playlist page", () => {
     const field = await screen.findByDisplayValue("Films");
     fireEvent.change(field, { target: { value: "Movies" } });
     fireEvent.keyDown(field, { key: "Enter" });
-    await waitFor(() => expect(errors()).toEqual(["gone playlist"]));
+    await waitFor(() => expect(errors()).toEqual([{ detail: gone("playlist").detailData }]));
     expect(screen.getByDisplayValue("Movies")).toBeTruthy(); // still open to try again
   });
 
@@ -154,7 +155,7 @@ describe("the add-to-playlist popover", () => {
     );
     fireEvent.click(screen.getByLabelText("playlists.addToPlaylist"));
     fireEvent.click(await screen.findByRole("menuitemcheckbox", { hidden: true }));
-    await waitFor(() => expect(errors()).toEqual(["gone playlist"]));
+    await waitFor(() => expect(errors()).toEqual([{ detail: gone("playlist").detailData }]));
     await waitFor(() => expect(lists.mock.calls.length).toBeGreaterThan(1));
   });
 
@@ -282,7 +283,7 @@ describe("the add-to-playlist popover", () => {
     fireEvent.click(await screen.findByText("Gone"));
     // The server's own localized reason wins over the caller's fallback when the detail is
     // STRUCTURED — same as the twin above. What is under test is that anything is said at all.
-    await waitFor(() => expect(errors()).toEqual(["gone playlist"]));
+    await waitFor(() => expect(errors()).toEqual([{ detail: gone("playlist").detailData }]));
     await waitFor(() => expect(lists.mock.calls.length).toBeGreaterThan(1));
   });
 });
@@ -300,7 +301,7 @@ describe("the tag manager", () => {
       </QueryClientProvider>,
     );
     fireEvent.click(await screen.findByLabelText("tagManager.delete"));
-    await waitFor(() => expect(errors()).toEqual(["gone tag"]));
+    await waitFor(() => expect(errors()).toEqual([{ detail: gone("tag").detailData }]));
     await waitFor(() => expect(tags.mock.calls.length).toBeGreaterThan(1));
   });
 });

frontend/src/WriteFailureReporting.dom.test.tsx

@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ vi.mock("react-i18next", async (importOriginal) => {
 });
 vi.mock("./components/ui/confirmContext", () => ({ useConfirm: () => async () => true }));
 const { notify } = vi.hoisted(() => ({
-  notify: vi.fn((_n: { level: string; title?: string; message: string }) => 0),
+  notify: vi.fn((_n: { level: string; title?: NotifText; message: NotifText }) => 0),
 }));
 vi.mock("./lib/notifications", async (importOriginal) => ({
   ...(await importOriginal<typeof import("./lib/notifications")>()),
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@ import PlexCollectionEditor from "./modules/plex/PlexCollectionEditor";
 import UploadDialog from "./modules/files/UploadDialog";
 import DownloadDialog from "./features/downloads/DownloadDialog";
 import { api, HttpError } from "./lib/api";
+import { msg, type NotifText } from "./lib/notifications";
 
 beforeAll(() => {
   class Stub {
@@ -87,7 +88,7 @@ describe("the Plex collection editor", () => {
     );
     mount();
     fireEvent.click(await screen.findByText("Marathon"));
-    await waitFor(() => expect(errors()).toEqual(["plex.collection.editFailed"]));
+    await waitFor(() => expect(errors()).toEqual([msg("plex.collection.editFailed")]));
   });
 
   it("says so when enabling editing is refused", async () => {
@@ -97,7 +98,7 @@ describe("the Plex collection editor", () => {
     );
     mount();
     fireEvent.click(await screen.findByText("plex.collEditor.makeEditable"));
-    await waitFor(() => expect(errors()).toEqual(["plex.collection.editFailed"]));
+    await waitFor(() => expect(errors()).toEqual([msg("plex.collection.editFailed")]));
   });
 
   it("says so when a CONFIRMED delete does not happen", async () => {
@@ -108,7 +109,7 @@ describe("the Plex collection editor", () => {
     );
     mount();
     fireEvent.click(await screen.findByText("plex.collEditor.delete"));
-    await waitFor(() => expect(errors()).toEqual(["plex.collection.deleteFailed"]));
+    await waitFor(() => expect(errors()).toEqual([msg("plex.collection.deleteFailed")]));
   });
 });
 
@@ -144,7 +145,7 @@ describe("the upload dialog", () => {
     mount();
     pick();
     fireEvent.click(screen.getByText("downloads.upload.submit"));
-    await waitFor(() => expect(errors()).toEqual(["downloads.upload.failed"]));
+    await waitFor(() => expect(errors()).toEqual([msg("downloads.upload.failed")]));
   });
 
   it("says nothing when the user cancelled it themselves", async () => {
@@ -172,6 +173,6 @@ describe("the download dialog", () => {
     );
     await screen.findByText("Best");
     fireEvent.click(screen.getByText("downloads.dialog.submit"));
-    await waitFor(() => expect(errors()).toEqual(["errors.writeFailed.enqueueDownload"]));
+    await waitFor(() => expect(errors()).toEqual([msg("errors.writeFailed.enqueueDownload")]));
   });
 });

frontend/src/components/ui/Modal.dom.test.tsx

@@ -21,9 +21,9 @@ vi.mock("react-i18next", async (importOriginal) => {
 vi.mock("../../lib/history", () => ({ useBackToClose: () => {} }));
 
 import Modal from "./Modal";
-import { clearAll, notify } from "../../lib/notifications";
+import { clearAll, notify, raw } from "../../lib/notifications";
 import { pushLayer, removeLayer, useLayer } from "../../lib/layerStack";
-import { flushSync } from "react-dom";
+import { createPortal, flushSync } from "react-dom";
 
 // Fire a keydown on window (where Modal installs its handler), inside act.
 const press = (key: string, shiftKey = false) =>
@@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ describe("Modal focus trap (offsetParent stubbed 'visible')", () => {
         <Body />
       </Modal>,
     );
-    act(() => void notify({ level: "info", message: "Saved" }));
+    act(() => void notify({ level: "info", message: raw("Saved") }));
     try {
       const dismissToast = screen.getByTitle("notifications.dismiss");
       // The panel's last control is no longer the trap's edge: Tab carries on (natively) to the toast.
@@ -234,7 +234,7 @@ describe("Modal focus trap (offsetParent stubbed 'visible')", () => {
         <Body />
       </Modal>,
     );
-    act(() => void notify({ level: "error", message: "Nope" }));
+    act(() => void notify({ level: "error", message: raw("Nope") }));
     const dismissToast = screen.getByTitle("notifications.dismiss");
     dismissToast.focus();
     expect(document.activeElement).toBe(dismissToast); // the scenario is actually being driven
@@ -311,6 +311,100 @@ describe("Modal focus trap (offsetParent stubbed 'visible')", () => {
     document.body.removeChild(trigger);
   });
 
+  it("hands its trigger to the dialog left standing above it, which restores it on close", () => {
+    // The standing upper dialog captured ITS restore target while the focus was inside the lower
+    // one — a control that is gone once the lower closes. So the lower skipping its own restore
+    // (above) handed the trigger to no one, and closing the upper left the focus on <body>.
+    // The arrangement keyboard help or the error dialog opened over a dialog actually has.
+    const trigger = document.createElement("button");
+    document.body.appendChild(trigger);
+    trigger.focus();
+    function Siblings() {
+      const [lower, setLower] = useState(true);
+      const [upper, setUpper] = useState(false);
+      return (
+        <>
+          {lower && (
+            <Modal initialFocus="close" title="lower" onClose={() => {}}>
+              <button onClick={() => setUpper(true)}>open upper</button>
+              <button onClick={() => setLower(false)}>close lower</button>
+            </Modal>
+          )}
+          {upper && (
+            <Modal initialFocus="close" title="upper" onClose={() => {}}>
+              <button onClick={() => setUpper(false)}>close upper</button>
+            </Modal>
+          )}
+        </>
+      );
+    }
+    render(<Siblings />);
+    screen.getByText("open upper").focus();
+    act(() => void screen.getByText("open upper").click()); // opened from inside the lower dialog
+    const inUpper = screen.getByText("close upper");
+    inUpper.focus();
+    // The lower closes on its own under the standing upper (`.click()` moves no focus).
+    act(() => void screen.getByText("close lower").click());
+    expect(screen.queryByText("close lower")).toBeNull();
+    expect(document.activeElement).toBe(inUpper);
+    act(() => void inUpper.click());
+    expect(document.activeElement).toBe(trigger);
+    document.body.removeChild(trigger);
+  });
+
+  it("restores the trigger when it closes with the focus in one of its menus", () => {
+    // The popover engine portals a menu out of the dialog's root (it carries no aria-modal), so a
+    // focus on a menu row read as "the user walked away": Back with a menu open inside a dialog
+    // left the focus on <body>. The portal marker is the one `ui/AnchoredPopover` reads too.
+    const trigger = document.createElement("button");
+    document.body.appendChild(trigger);
+    trigger.focus();
+    const portal = document.createElement("div");
+    portal.setAttribute("data-floating-ui-portal", "");
+    document.body.appendChild(portal);
+    const { unmount } = render(
+      <Modal initialFocus="close" title="t" onClose={() => {}}>
+        <Body />
+        {createPortal(<button>menu-row</button>, portal)}
+      </Modal>,
+    );
+    screen.getByText("menu-row").focus();
+    unmount();
+    expect(document.activeElement).toBe(trigger);
+    document.body.removeChild(trigger);
+    document.body.removeChild(portal);
+  });
+
+  it("does not pull the focus out of a menu that stays open when it closes on its own", () => {
+    // The other side of counting a menu row as held: a menu that is NOT this dialog's — a page's
+    // "…" left open while a dialog finishes in the background — stays standing, and a dialog that
+    // closes on its own (a write's success) must not take the focus from it to its trigger.
+    const trigger = document.createElement("button");
+    document.body.appendChild(trigger);
+    trigger.focus();
+    const portal = document.createElement("div");
+    portal.setAttribute("data-floating-ui-portal", "");
+    const row = document.createElement("button");
+    row.textContent = "page-menu-row";
+    portal.appendChild(row);
+    document.body.appendChild(portal);
+    function SelfClosing() {
+      const [open, setOpen] = useState(true);
+      return open ? (
+        <Modal initialFocus="close" title="t" onClose={() => {}}>
+          <button onClick={() => setOpen(false)}>finish</button>
+        </Modal>
+      ) : null;
+    }
+    render(<SelfClosing />);
+    row.focus();
+    act(() => void screen.getByText("finish").click()); // `.click()` moves no focus
+    expect(screen.queryByText("finish")).toBeNull();
+    expect(document.activeElement).toBe(row);
+    document.body.removeChild(trigger);
+    document.body.removeChild(portal);
+  });
+
   it("leaves the focus alone when the user moved it out of the dialog themselves", () => {
     // The other half of the same rule, and the branch nothing drove: taking focus back from where
     // the user deliberately put it is the rudest thing a closing dialog can do.
@@ -361,7 +455,7 @@ describe("Modal — toasts raised while it is open", () => {
         <Body />
       </Modal>,
     );
-    act(() => void notify({ level: "error", message: "Couldn't share it." }));
+    act(() => void notify({ level: "error", message: raw("Couldn't share it.") }));
     expect(screen.getByRole("dialog").textContent).toContain("Couldn't share it.");
   });
 });

frontend/src/components/ui/PageScroller.dom.test.tsx

@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ vi.mock("react-i18next", async (importOriginal) => {
 import PageScroller from "./PageScroller";
 import BackToTop from "./BackToTop";
 import { notifyNav } from "../../lib/history";
+import { revealedNavItem } from "../../lib/listNav";
 
 beforeAll(() => {
   // useScrollFade wires a ResizeObserver (watch-the-children); jsdom ships none.
@@ -125,6 +126,38 @@ describe("PageScroller scroll memory", () => {
     expect(main.scrollTop).toBe(450);
   });
 
+  // Back focuses an item the restore did not expect — one that moved to another list while the page
+  // was away — and scrolls it into view: the restore's next frame put the old offset back over it.
+  it("gives the page up to an item brought into view while it restores", () => {
+    let frames: FrameRequestCallback[] = [];
+    vi.stubGlobal("requestAnimationFrame", (cb: FrameRequestCallback) => frames.push(cb));
+    const flush = (n: number) => {
+      for (let i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+        const run = frames;
+        frames = [];
+        for (const cb of run) cb(0);
+      }
+    };
+    setEntry(1);
+    const { container } = render(
+      <PageScroller scrollKey="e:k1">
+        <div id="moved" />
+      </PageScroller>,
+    );
+    const main = sizedMain(container);
+    main.scrollTop = 450;
+    fireEvent.scroll(main);
+    setEntry(2);
+    notifyNav();
+    flush(1);
+    setEntry(1);
+    notifyNav(); // Back: the restore to 450 waits for its first frame
+    main.scrollTop = 120; // the item scrolled into view
+    revealedNavItem(container.querySelector("#moved")!);
+    flush(5);
+    expect(main.scrollTop).toBe(120);
+  });
+
   // Landing at the end shows Back to top, whose spacer then brings the spot within reach.
   it("finishes the way to a spot the spacer brings within reach after it lands", () => {
     let frames: FrameRequestCallback[] = [];

frontend/src/components/ui/PageScroller.tsx

@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ import { StickyTopProvider } from "./stickyTop";
 import { useBackToTopShown, useCornerLift } from "./backToTopState";
 import { CONTENT_ID } from "./landmarks";
 import { ensureNavId, peekNavId, subscribeNav } from "../../lib/history";
+import { NAV_REVEAL_EVENT } from "../../lib/listNav";
 
 // Saved scroll offsets, keyed by `${historyEntryId}:${scrollKey}`. The entry id ties an offset to the
 // exact history entry, so Back restores where you left it and a forward navigation (a new entry) opens
@@ -63,11 +64,15 @@ function restoreScroll(el: HTMLElement, top: number): () => void {
     el.removeEventListener("wheel", stop);
     el.removeEventListener("touchstart", stop);
     el.removeEventListener("pointerdown", stop);
+    el.removeEventListener(NAV_REVEAL_EVENT, stop);
     document.removeEventListener("keydown", stop, true);
   };
   el.addEventListener("wheel", stop, { passive: true });
   el.addEventListener("touchstart", stop, { passive: true });
   el.addEventListener("pointerdown", stop);
+  // So does an item the keyboard brought into view (`lib/listNav`): Back focusing one that is not
+  // where the restored offset shows.
+  el.addEventListener(NAV_REVEAL_EVENT, stop);
   document.addEventListener("keydown", stop, true);
   const tick = () => {
     if (cancelled) return;

frontend/src/components/ui/Toaster.dom.test.tsx

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ vi.mock("react-i18next", async (importOriginal) => {
 });
 
 import Toaster from "./Toaster";
-import { clearAll, notify } from "../../lib/notifications";
+import { clearAll, notify, raw } from "../../lib/notifications";
 import { dockUnderToasts } from "../../lib/toastDock";
 
 afterEach(() => {
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ describe("Toaster — one host shows the toasts", () => {
         <Toaster />
       </div>,
     );
-    act(() => void notify({ level: "error", message: "Couldn't remove the video." }));
+    act(() => void notify({ level: "error", message: raw("Couldn't remove the video.") }));
     expect(screen.getByTestId("app").textContent).toContain("Couldn't remove the video.");
 
     const overlay = render(
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ describe("Toaster — one host shows the toasts", () => {
   it("lets a click through where there is no toast and nothing docked, and not where there is", () => {
     const Docked = () => <button>dock</button>;
     const stop = dockUnderToasts(Docked);
-    notify({ level: "info", message: "hello" });
+    notify({ level: "info", message: raw("hello") });
     render(<Toaster />);
     const region = document.querySelector<HTMLElement>("[data-toast-region]")!;
     // The empty part of the region (beside and above a docked control) must not swallow the page's
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ describe("Toaster — one host shows the toasts", () => {
         <Toaster overlay />
       </div>,
     );
-    act(() => void notify({ level: "error", message: "boom" }));
+    act(() => void notify({ level: "error", message: raw("boom") }));
     fireEvent.click(screen.getByText("boom"));
     expect(backdrop).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
   });
@@ -86,11 +86,11 @@ describe("Toaster — handing the toasts to another host", () => {
     // The new host gets them as NEW nodes: a screen reader read every one out again, an error
     // assertively, each time a player (or any dialog) opened or closed.
     render(<Toaster />);
-    act(() => void notify({ level: "error", message: "old news" }));
+    act(() => void notify({ level: "error", message: raw("old news") }));
     render(<Toaster overlay />);
     const old = screen.getByText("old news").closest(".toast-card")!;
     expect(old.getAttribute("role")).toBeNull();
-    act(() => void notify({ level: "error", message: "fresh" }));
+    act(() => void notify({ level: "error", message: raw("fresh") }));
     expect(screen.getByText("fresh").closest(".toast-card")!.getAttribute("role")).toBe("alert");
   });
 
@@ -99,8 +99,8 @@ describe("Toaster — handing the toasts to another host", () => {
     // host last showed — re-read on every render, this host's own "first" turned silent the moment
     // "second" arrived (its own screen had become the handover by then).
     render(<Toaster />);
-    act(() => void notify({ level: "error", message: "first" }));
+    act(() => void notify({ level: "error", message: raw("first") }));
-    act(() => void notify({ level: "error", message: "second" }));
+    act(() => void notify({ level: "error", message: raw("second") }));
     const card = (text: string) => screen.getByText(text).closest(".toast-card")!;
     expect(card("first").getAttribute("role")).toBe("alert");
     expect(card("second").getAttribute("role")).toBe("alert");
@@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ describe("Toaster — handing the toasts to another host", () => {
     // inserted announces them anyway. React flushes effects in the SAME task as that render, so the
     // arming has to wait for the next one — a screen reader reads the region's state after the task.
     render(<Toaster />);
-    act(() => void notify({ level: "info", message: "saved" }));
+    act(() => void notify({ level: "info", message: raw("saved") }));
     const overlay = render(<Toaster overlay />);
     const region = overlay.container.querySelector("[aria-live]")!;
     expect(region.textContent).toContain("saved"); // it took the toast over…
@@ -135,7 +135,7 @@ describe("Toaster — handing the toasts to another host", () => {
               <Toaster overlay />
               <button
                 onClick={() => {
-                  notify({ level: "success", message: "upload queued" });
+                  notify({ level: "success", message: raw("upload queued") });
                   setOpen(false);
                 }}
               >
@@ -147,7 +147,7 @@ describe("Toaster — handing the toasts to another host", () => {
       );
     }
     render(<Stage />);
-    act(() => void notify({ level: "error", message: "old news" }));
+    act(() => void notify({ level: "error", message: raw("old news") }));
     fireEvent.click(screen.getByText("upload"));
 
     const card = (text: string) => screen.getByText(text).closest(".toast-card")!;
@@ -168,7 +168,7 @@ describe("Toaster — handing the toasts to another host", () => {
         <Toaster overlay order={2} />
       </div>,
     );
-    act(() => void notify({ level: "error", message: "boom" }));
+    act(() => void notify({ level: "error", message: raw("boom") }));
     expect(screen.getByTestId("dialog").textContent).toContain("boom");
     // The player swaps its host (leaving true fullscreen) while the dialog stays open.
     player.rerender(
@@ -188,7 +188,7 @@ describe("Toaster — handing the toasts to another host", () => {
     const t0 = Date.now();
     const now = vi.spyOn(Date, "now").mockReturnValue(t0);
     render(<Toaster />);
-    act(() => void notify({ level: "info", message: "saved" }));
+    act(() => void notify({ level: "info", message: raw("saved") }));
     now.mockReturnValue(t0 + 4000);
     render(<Toaster overlay />);
     const bar = screen.getByText("saved").closest(".toast-card")!.lastElementChild as HTMLElement;
@@ -199,7 +199,7 @@ describe("Toaster — handing the toasts to another host", () => {
     // At the app's own spot (bottom-4) the stack sat on the Plex transport row and PlayerModal's
     // docked bar, above them at z-overlay, and took their clicks for as long as a toast was up.
     render(<Toaster overlay />);
-    act(() => void notify({ level: "error", message: "boom" }));
+    act(() => void notify({ level: "error", message: raw("boom") }));
     const host = hosts()[0]!.closest("[data-toast-region]")!;
     expect(host.className).toContain("bottom-24");
     expect(host.className).toContain("pointer-events-none");
@@ -218,9 +218,9 @@ describe("Toaster — a toast's actions", () => {
       () =>
         void notify({
           level: "success",
-          message: "Downloaded",
+          message: raw("Downloaded"),
-          action: { label: "Copy link", onClick: copy },
+          action: { label: raw("Copy link"), onClick: copy },
-          secondaryAction: { label: "Open", onClick: open },
+          secondaryAction: { label: raw("Open"), onClick: open },
         }),
     );
     expect(screen.getByRole("button", { name: "Copy link" })).toBeTruthy();

frontend/src/components/ui/Toaster.language.dom.test.tsx

@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+// @vitest-environment jsdom
+//
+// A notice is said in the reader's language when it is shown, not in the one it was raised in. The
+// text used to be translated by the caller and kept so: after a language switch every toast and every
+// row of the notification center stayed in the old language, and so did the history after a reload.
+import { afterEach, beforeEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from "vitest";
+import { act, cleanup, render, screen } from "@testing-library/react";
+import i18n from "../../i18n";
+import Toaster from "./Toaster";
+import { clearAll, msg, notify, raw, sayNotif } from "../../lib/notifications";
+
+beforeEach(async () => {
+  await i18n.changeLanguage("en");
+});
+afterEach(async () => {
+  cleanup();
+  act(() => clearAll());
+  await i18n.changeLanguage("en");
+});
+
+describe("a notice speaks the reader's language of the moment", () => {
+  it("a toast raised in English reads Hungarian after the switch", async () => {
+    render(<Toaster />);
+    act(() => void notify({ level: "success", message: msg("common.copy.done") }));
+    const en = i18n.getFixedT("en")("common.copy.done");
+    const hu = i18n.getFixedT("hu")("common.copy.done");
+    expect(en).not.toBe(hu);
+    expect(screen.getByText(en)).toBeTruthy();
+
+    await act(async () => void (await i18n.changeLanguage("hu")));
+    expect(screen.getByText(hu)).toBeTruthy();
+    expect(screen.queryByText(en)).toBeNull();
+  });
+
+  it("its button is said again too, beside the text it acts on", async () => {
+    render(<Toaster />);
+    act(
+      () =>
+        void notify({
+          message: msg("common.copy.done"),
+          action: { label: msg("common.undo"), onClick: () => {} },
+        }),
+    );
+    expect(screen.getByRole("button", { name: "Undo" })).toBeTruthy();
+
+    await act(async () => void (await i18n.changeLanguage("hu")));
+    expect(screen.getByRole("button", { name: "Visszavonás" })).toBeTruthy();
+    expect(screen.queryByRole("button", { name: "Undo" })).toBeNull();
+  });
+
+  it("a server refusal is said again in the language of the moment", async () => {
+    render(<Toaster />);
+    act(
+      () =>
+        void notify({
+          level: "error",
+          message: { detail: { code: "not_found", reason: "view" } },
+        }),
+    );
+    expect(screen.getByText("This view doesn't exist any more")).toBeTruthy();
+
+    await act(async () => void (await i18n.changeLanguage("hu")));
+    expect(screen.getByText("Ez a nézet már nem létezik")).toBeTruthy();
+  });
+
+  it("a value inside the text is said again too, and a number is grouped the reader's way", async () => {
+    const text = msg("settings.takeout.read", {
+      name: raw("watch-history.json"),
+      count: 12345,
+      n: { number: 12345 },
+    });
+    const en = sayNotif(text);
+    await i18n.changeLanguage("hu");
+    const hu = sayNotif(text);
+    expect(en).toContain("12,345");
+    expect(hu).not.toContain("12,345");
+    expect(hu).toContain("watch-history.json");
+    expect(hu).not.toBe(en);
+  });
+});
+
+describe("the history kept from before", () => {
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    localStorage.clear();
+    vi.resetModules();
+  });
+
+  it("shows a notice stored as text as it was stored", async () => {
+    localStorage.setItem("siftlode.owner", "5");
+    localStorage.setItem(
+      "siftlode.notifications",
+      JSON.stringify([
+        { id: 1, level: "info", title: "Old title", message: "Old text", ts: 1, read: true },
+      ]),
+    );
+    const notifications = await import("../../lib/notifications");
+    const { claimLocalData } = await import("../../lib/storage");
+    claimLocalData(5);
+    const n = notifications.getNotifications()[0]!;
+    expect(n.message).toEqual(raw("Old text"));
+    expect(n.title).toEqual(raw("Old title"));
+    expect(notifications.sayNotif(n.message)).toBe("Old text");
+  });
+});

frontend/src/components/ui/Toaster.strictmode.dom.test.tsx

@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ vi.mock("react-i18next", async (importOriginal) => {
 
 import Toaster from "./Toaster";
 import { useOverlayOrder } from "./overlayOrder";
-import { clearAll, notify } from "../../lib/notifications";
+import { clearAll, notify, raw } from "../../lib/notifications";
 
 afterEach(() => {
   cleanup();
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ function Harness() {
     <>
       <button
         onClick={() => {
-          notify({ level: "success", message: "Uploaded" });
+          notify({ level: "success", message: raw("Uploaded") });
           setOpen(false); // …in the SAME handler: one batch, one commit
         }}
       >

frontend/src/components/ui/Toaster.tsx

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import { useEffect, useId, useLayoutEffect, useState, useSyncExternalStore } from "react";
 import { useTranslation } from "react-i18next";
 import { X } from "lucide-react";
-import { dismiss, getActiveToasts, subscribe } from "../../lib/notifications";
+import { dismiss, getActiveToasts, sayNotif, subscribe } from "../../lib/notifications";
 import { createStore } from "../../lib/store";
 import { useToastDock } from "../../lib/toastDock";
 import { useOverlayOrder } from "./overlayOrder";
@@ -162,9 +162,11 @@ export default function Toaster({
             >
               <Icon className={`w-5 h-5 shrink-0 mt-0.5 ${color}`} />
               <div className="min-w-0 flex-1">
-                {toast.title && <div className="text-sm font-semibold">{toast.title}</div>}
+                {toast.title && (
+                  <div className="text-sm font-semibold">{sayNotif(toast.title, t)}</div>
+                )}
                 <div className="text-sm wrap-break-word">
-                  {toast.message}
+                  {sayNotif(toast.message, t)}
                   {toast.repeat > 1 && (
                     <span className="ml-1.5 align-middle text-2xs font-semibold text-muted tabular-nums">
                       ×{toast.repeat}
@@ -174,10 +176,10 @@ export default function Toaster({
                 {(toast.action || toast.secondaryAction) && (
                   <div className="mt-1 flex flex-wrap gap-x-4">
                     {[toast.action, toast.secondaryAction].map(
-                      (action) =>
+                      (action, i) =>
                         action && (
                           <Button
-                            key={action.label}
+                            key={i}
                             variant="link"
                             onClick={() => {
                               action.onClick();
@@ -185,7 +187,7 @@ export default function Toaster({
                             }}
                             className="text-sm"
                           >
-                            {action.label}
+                            {sayNotif(action.label, t)}
                           </Button>
                         ),
                     )}

frontend/src/components/ui/copyItems.tsx

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ import { useTranslation } from "react-i18next";
 import { Copy, Link2 } from "lucide-react";
 
 import { copyText } from "../../lib/clipboard";
-import { notify } from "../../lib/notifications";
+import { msg, type NotifText, notify } from "../../lib/notifications";
 import { type ActionMenuItem } from "./ActionMenu";
 
 // "Copy title" and "Copy link", the two rows every object's menu ends its middle group with
@@ -17,12 +17,12 @@ type Named = "title" | "name";
 
 export function useCopyItems() {
   const { t } = useTranslation();
-  const copy = (text: string, done: string) => {
+  const copy = (text: string, done: NotifText) => {
     void copyText(text).then((ok) =>
       notify(
         ok
           ? { level: "success", message: done }
-          : { level: "error", message: t("common.copy.failed") },
+          : { level: "error", message: msg("common.copy.failed") },
       ),
     );
   };
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ export function useCopyItems() {
             label: t(named === "title" ? "common.copy.title" : "common.copy.name"),
             icon: <Copy className="w-4 h-4" />,
             inGesture: true,
-            onSelect: () => copy(text, t("common.copy.done")),
+            onSelect: () => copy(text, msg("common.copy.done")),
           },
         ]
       : []),
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ export function useCopyItems() {
             label: linkLabel ?? t("common.copy.link"),
             icon: <Link2 className="w-4 h-4" />,
             inGesture: true,
-            onSelect: () => copy(link, t("common.copy.linkDone")),
+            onSelect: () => copy(link, msg("common.copy.linkDone")),
           },
         ]
       : []),

frontend/src/components/ui/dialogFocus.ts

@@ -75,6 +75,16 @@ export function lockBodyScroll(): () => void {
   };
 }
 
+// A popover engine surface (`ui/AnchoredPopover`): portalled out of the dialog's root and carrying no
+// aria-modal, so a focus on one of a dialog's menu rows is inside the dialog all the same.
+const FLOATING = "[data-floating-ui-portal]";
+
+// Restore targets handed to a dialog left standing above one that closed (see the cleanup below):
+// that dialog's own target was captured while the focus was in the one that closed, and is gone.
+// Keyed by the standing dialog's aria-modal element; a WeakMap, so a dialog that never closes
+// through this hook leaves nothing behind.
+const handedRestore = new WeakMap<Element, HTMLElement>();
+
 /** The rest of the contract: lock the page behind, open focused, hand the focus back on close.
  *  `scopeRef` is the panel the focus should land in; `ownerRef`, when the dialog is bigger than its
  *  panel, is that whole dialog — it must be the SAME element `trapTab` is scoped to, or the two
@@ -128,6 +138,11 @@ export function useDialogChrome(
     // Today that reads the same either way (a detached owner and a null one both fail every
     // `contains` below), but the cleanup should not depend on a ref React has already let go of.
     const ownerAtOpen = ownerRef?.current ?? scope;
+    // This dialog's aria-modal element, the key a closing dialog under it hands its target by.
+    const modalAtOpen =
+      ownerAtOpen?.closest('[aria-modal="true"]') ??
+      ownerAtOpen?.querySelector('[aria-modal="true"]') ??
+      null;
     if (scope && !scope.contains(document.activeElement)) {
       const back = focusedRef.current;
       const target =
@@ -144,10 +159,12 @@ export function useDialogChrome(
       // it — and while it held the focus we read that as the user walking away. Then both closing
       // together left the focus on <body>: ours skipped the restore, and the child's own
       // `restoreTo` was already detached (passive cleanups run parent-first). Measured in jsdom,
-      // and it is the ordinary case — an error dialog raised over a dialog.
+      // and it is the ordinary case — an error dialog raised over a dialog. And one of its own
+      // menus (see FLOATING): Back with a menu open closed the dialog with the focus on a menu row.
       heldRef.current =
         (owner?.contains(active) ?? false) ||
-        (active instanceof Element && active.closest('[aria-modal="true"]') != null);
+        (active instanceof Element &&
+          (active.closest('[aria-modal="true"]') != null || active.closest(FLOATING) != null));
       // Where to put the focus back on a re-mount, though: the PANEL's own last focus. A toast is
       // gone by then, so restoring onto it would strand the focus exactly as before.
       if (scopeRef.current?.contains(document.activeElement))
@@ -172,16 +189,28 @@ export function useDialogChrome(
       // this, a dialog closing on its own (an in-flight mutation's `onSuccess`) under a modal raised
       // above it pulled the focus out of that standing dialog onto our own trigger, behind its
       // scrim — where Enter still activated it.
+      //
+      // Skipped, the trigger is handed to that standing dialog instead: ITS target was captured
+      // while the focus was in ours, so it is gone now, and it falls back to the one handed to it.
+      // A popover still standing (a menu of a dialog that stays open) is not ours to take from
+      // either, though there is no dialog to hand the trigger to.
       const owner = ownerAtOpen;
       const active = document.activeElement;
+      const target = restoreTo?.isConnected
+        ? restoreTo
+        : modalAtOpen
+          ? handedRestore.get(modalAtOpen)
+          : undefined;
       const above = active instanceof Element ? active.closest('[aria-modal="true"]') : null;
       const standingAbove =
         above !== null &&
         above.isConnected &&
         !above.contains(owner as Node | null) &&
         !(owner?.contains(above) ?? false);
-      if (heldRef.current && !standingAbove && restoreTo && restoreTo.isConnected)
+      const standingMenu = active instanceof Element && active.closest(FLOATING)?.isConnected;
-        restoreTo.focus();
+      if (!heldRef.current || !target?.isConnected) return;
+      if (standingAbove) handedRestore.set(above, target);
+      else if (!standingMenu) target.focus();
     };
   }, [restoreTo, scopeRef, ownerRef, focusScope]);
 }

frontend/src/components/ui/pressableSelectable.contract.test.ts

@@ -38,6 +38,10 @@ const PLAIN: Record<string, [number, string]> = {
   "shell/NavSidebar.tsx": [3, "the account trigger and its menu rows"],
   "features/header/PaletteLauncher.tsx": [2, "launcher controls"],
   "modules/playlists/PlaylistsRail.tsx": [1, "the load-error retry"],
+  "modules/notifications/NotificationsPanel.tsx": [
+    1,
+    "the Earlier (n) fold's heading (a disclosure: its text is its label)",
+  ],
   "modules/plex/PlexCollectionEditor.tsx": [1, "a checkbox row in a picker"],
   "modules/plex/PlexInfo.tsx": [1, "the rating filter (a number)"],
   "modules/plex/PlexPlayerSettings.tsx": [1, "the clock's date-style options"],

frontend/src/components/ui/uiI18n.contract.test.ts

@@ -19,8 +19,9 @@ const PLATFORM_NAMESPACES = new Set([
 ]);
 
 const files = readSources(__dirname, "./**/*.{ts,tsx}");
-// `t("ns.…")` and `t(\`ns.…\`)` — the namespace is everything before the first dot.
+// `t("ns.…")` and `t(\`ns.…\`)`, and a notice's `msg("ns.…")` (the same key, said when shown) — the
-const KEY = /\bt\(\s*["`]([A-Za-z]+)\./g;
+// namespace is everything before the first dot.
+const KEY = /\b(?:t|msg)\(\s*["`]([A-Za-z]+)\./g;
 
 describe("components/ui/ speaks only platform i18n namespaces", () => {
   it("names no feature namespace", () => {
@@ -37,5 +38,6 @@ describe("components/ui/ speaks only platform i18n namespaces", () => {
 
   it("sees a feature namespace when one is used", () => {
     expect([...'t("plex.loading")'.matchAll(KEY)].map((m) => m[1])).toEqual(["plex"]);
+    expect([...'msg("plex.loading")'.matchAll(KEY)].map((m) => m[1])).toEqual(["plex"]);
   });
 });

frontend/src/components/ui/useCopyFeedback.dom.test.ts

@@ -11,8 +11,12 @@ vi.mock("react-i18next", async (importOriginal) => ({
   useTranslation: () => ({ i18n: { language: "en" }, t: (key: string) => key }),
 }));
 vi.mock("../../lib/clipboard", () => ({ copyText: h.copyText }));
-vi.mock("../../lib/notifications", () => ({ notify: h.notify }));
+vi.mock("../../lib/notifications", async (importOriginal) => ({
+  ...(await importOriginal<typeof import("../../lib/notifications")>()),
+  notify: h.notify,
+}));
 
+import { msg } from "../../lib/notifications";
 import { useCopyFeedback } from "./useCopyFeedback";
 
 afterEach(() => {
@@ -27,7 +31,7 @@ describe("useCopyFeedback", () => {
     await act(() => result.current.copy("sfl_x"));
     expect(h.copyText).toHaveBeenCalledWith("sfl_x");
     expect(result.current.copied).toBe(true);
-    expect(h.notify).toHaveBeenCalledWith({ level: "success", message: "common.copy.done" });
+    expect(h.notify).toHaveBeenCalledWith({ level: "success", message: msg("common.copy.done") });
     act(() => void vi.advanceTimersByTime(2000));
     expect(result.current.copied).toBe(false);
   });
@@ -49,6 +53,6 @@ describe("useCopyFeedback", () => {
     const { result } = renderHook(() => useCopyFeedback());
     await act(() => result.current.copy("sfl_x"));
     expect(result.current.copied).toBe(false);
-    expect(h.notify).toHaveBeenCalledWith({ level: "warning", message: "common.copy.failed" });
+    expect(h.notify).toHaveBeenCalledWith({ level: "warning", message: msg("common.copy.failed") });
   });
 });

frontend/src/components/ui/useCopyFeedback.ts

@@ -1,8 +1,7 @@
 import { useEffect, useRef, useState } from "react";
-import { useTranslation } from "react-i18next";
 
 import { copyText } from "../../lib/clipboard";
-import { notify } from "../../lib/notifications";
+import { msg, notify } from "../../lib/notifications";
 
 // How long a Copy button reads "Copied" after it worked.
 const COPIED_MS = 2000;
@@ -15,7 +14,6 @@ const COPIED_MS = 2000;
  *
  *  A feature file, not `ui/`: it speaks the app's notifications (as `copyItems` does). */
 export function useCopyFeedback(): { copied: boolean; copy: (value: string) => Promise<void> } {
-  const { t } = useTranslation();
   const [copied, setCopied] = useState(false);
   // One reset at a time: a copy again within the moment starts it over, not cut short by the last.
   const timer = useRef<number | undefined>(undefined);
@@ -23,12 +21,12 @@ export function useCopyFeedback(): { copied: boolean; copy: (value: string) => P
   const copy = async (value: string) => {
     if (await copyText(value)) {
       setCopied(true);
-      notify({ level: "success", message: t("common.copy.done") });
+      notify({ level: "success", message: msg("common.copy.done") });
       window.clearTimeout(timer.current);
       timer.current = window.setTimeout(() => setCopied(false), COPIED_MS);
       return;
     }
-    notify({ level: "warning", message: t("common.copy.failed") });
+    notify({ level: "warning", message: msg("common.copy.failed") });
   };
   return { copied, copy };
 }

frontend/src/content/release-notes/en.json

@@ -1,4 +1,39 @@
 [
+  {
+    "version": "0.114.3",
+    "date": "2026-11-01",
+    "new": [],
+    "fixed": [
+      "Editing a file that is neither video nor audio now says why it can't be done, instead of a generic error."
+    ]
+  },
+  {
+    "version": "0.114.2",
+    "date": "2026-10-30",
+    "new": [],
+    "fixed": [
+      "Security: a library the sign-in relies on is updated, closing two published vulnerabilities."
+    ]
+  },
+  {
+    "version": "0.114.1",
+    "date": "2026-10-30",
+    "new": [],
+    "fixed": [
+      "Notifications follow a language switch: a notice on screen and every row in the notification center are said again in the new language, their buttons too."
+    ]
+  },
+  {
+    "version": "0.114.0",
+    "date": "2026-10-29",
+    "new": [
+      "Notifications: what asks for you comes first, then everything else as one stream, newest first. Read notices older than a week fold under Earlier, and Back returns to the row you left."
+    ],
+    "fixed": [
+      "Plex: a progress save sent just before an episode ends no longer leaves it unwatched, and a refused finish no longer sticks.",
+      "After a dialog closes, the keyboard focus returns to where it was, also inside a menu that stays open."
+    ]
+  },
   {
     "version": "0.113.0",
     "date": "2026-10-28",

frontend/src/content/release-notes/hu.json

@@ -1,4 +1,39 @@
 [
+  {
+    "version": "0.114.3",
+    "date": "2026-11-01",
+    "new": [],
+    "fixed": [
+      "Ha nem videó- vagy hangfájlt próbálsz szerkeszteni, az alkalmazás most megmondja, miért nem lehet, általános hibaüzenet helyett."
+    ]
+  },
+  {
+    "version": "0.114.2",
+    "date": "2026-10-30",
+    "new": [],
+    "fixed": [
+      "Biztonság: frissült egy könyvtár, amelyre a bejelentkezés épül, így két nyilvános sebezhetőség záródott be."
+    ]
+  },
+  {
+    "version": "0.114.1",
+    "date": "2026-10-30",
+    "new": [],
+    "fixed": [
+      "Az értesítések követik a nyelvváltást: a képernyőn lévő értesítés és az értesítési központ minden sora az új nyelven szól, a gombjaik is."
+    ]
+  },
+  {
+    "version": "0.114.0",
+    "date": "2026-10-29",
+    "new": [
+      "Értesítések: elöl az, ami rád vár, utána minden más egy folyamban, a legújabb elöl. Az egy hétnél régebbi olvasott értesítések a Korábbiak alá csukódnak, és a Vissza arra a sorra tér vissza, ahonnan elmentél."
+    ],
+    "fixed": [
+      "Plex: az epizód vége előtt közvetlenül elküldött mentés már nem hagyja megnézetlenül, és egy elutasított befejezés sem ragad be.",
+      "Párbeszédablak bezárása után a billentyűfókusz oda tér vissza, ahol volt, egy nyitva maradó menüben is."
+    ]
+  },
   {
     "version": "0.113.0",
     "date": "2026-10-28",

frontend/src/features/channel/TagManager.tsx

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ import { useMutation, useQuery, useQueryClient } from "@tanstack/react-query";
 import { qk } from "../../lib/queryKeys";
 import { Plus, Trash2 } from "lucide-react";
 import { api, type Tag } from "../../lib/api";
-import { notify } from "../../lib/notifications";
+import { msg, type NotifText, notify, raw } from "../../lib/notifications";
 import { notifyActionError } from "../../lib/actionErrors";
 import { useScrollFade } from "../../lib/useScrollFade";
 import { Button } from "../../components/ui/Button";
@@ -137,22 +137,22 @@ export default function TagManager({
   });
   // A failure is said and the list refetched — a tag deleted in another tab used to fail in silence
   // (a 404 `not_found/tag` gets no global dialog) and stay listed.
-  const onFailed = (e: unknown, fallback: string) => {
+  const onFailed = (e: unknown, fallback: NotifText) => {
     notifyActionError(e, fallback);
     invalidate();
   };
   const rename = useMutation({
     mutationFn: (v: { id: number; name: string }) => api.updateTag(v.id, { name: v.name }),
     onSuccess: invalidate,
-    onError: (e) => onFailed(e, t("tagManager.renameFailed")),
+    onError: (e) => onFailed(e, msg("tagManager.renameFailed")),
   });
   const del = useMutation({
     mutationFn: (v: { id: number; name: string }) => api.deleteTag(v.id),
     onSuccess: (_d, v) => {
       invalidate();
-      notify({ level: "success", message: t("tagManager.deleted", { name: v.name }) });
+      notify({ level: "success", message: msg("tagManager.deleted", { name: raw(v.name) }) });
     },
-    onError: (e) => onFailed(e, t("tagManager.deleteFailed")),
+    onError: (e) => onFailed(e, msg("tagManager.deleteFailed")),
   });
 
   // Picking a channel from a tag's popover: close the dialog, then focus it in the manager.

frontend/src/features/comfort/comfortPin.tsx

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ import { Loader2, Pin, PinOff } from "lucide-react";
 import { plexLang } from "../../i18n";
 import { api, type DiscoverCard, type PinKind } from "../../lib/api";
 import { notifyActionError } from "../../lib/actionErrors";
-import { notify } from "../../lib/notifications";
+import { msg, type NotifText, notify } from "../../lib/notifications";
 import { qk } from "../../lib/queryKeys";
 import { type ActionMenuItem } from "../../components/ui/ActionMenu";
 
@@ -81,9 +81,9 @@ export interface ComfortPin {
   /** `pinIdOf` and `toggle` stay module-local until a second consumer needs them: publishing them
    *  invites the next surface to re-derive the three-state loading dance (pinned / not pinned /
    *  not known yet) that `item` already encapsulates, which is what this file exists to prevent. */
-  remove: (pinId: number, title: string) => void;
+  remove: (pinId: number, title: NotifText) => void;
   /** The pin/unpin row, ready to spread into any `ActionMenuItem[]`. Empty for a null target. */
-  item: (target: PinTarget | null, title: string) => ActionMenuItem[];
+  item: (target: PinTarget | null, title: NotifText) => ActionMenuItem[];
 }
 
 /**
@@ -134,37 +134,37 @@ export function useComfortPin(open: boolean): ComfortPin {
   }, [qc]);
 
   const add = useCallback(
-    async (target: PinTarget, title: string) => {
+    async (target: PinTarget, title: NotifText) => {
       try {
         await api.addComfortPin(target.kind, target.ref);
         // The shelf lives on another page, so without this the click has no visible consequence at
         // all from the feed — the one place a toast genuinely carries the whole feedback.
-        notify({ level: "success", message: t("home.pin.added", { title }) });
+        notify({ level: "success", message: msg("home.pin.added", { title }) });
       } catch (e) {
-        notifyActionError(e, t("home.pin.addFailed"));
+        notifyActionError(e, msg("home.pin.addFailed"));
       }
       invalidate();
     },
-    [invalidate, t],
+    [invalidate],
   );
 
   const remove = useCallback(
-    (pinId: number, title: string) => {
+    (pinId: number, title: NotifText) => {
       void (async () => {
         try {
           await api.removeComfortPin(pinId);
-          notify({ level: "success", message: t("home.pin.removed", { title }) });
+          notify({ level: "success", message: msg("home.pin.removed", { title }) });
         } catch (e) {
-          notifyActionError(e, t("home.pin.removeFailed"));
+          notifyActionError(e, msg("home.pin.removeFailed"));
         }
         invalidate();
       })();
     },
-    [invalidate, t],
+    [invalidate],
   );
 
   const toggle = useCallback(
-    (target: PinTarget, title: string) => {
+    (target: PinTarget, title: NotifText) => {
       const pinId = pinIdOf(target);
       if (pinId == null) void add(target, title);
       else remove(pinId, title);
@@ -173,7 +173,7 @@ export function useComfortPin(open: boolean): ComfortPin {
   );
 
   const item = useCallback(
-    (target: PinTarget | null, title: string): ActionMenuItem[] => {
+    (target: PinTarget | null, title: NotifText): ActionMenuItem[] => {
       if (!target) return [];
       const pinId = pinIdOf(target);
       // Still loading: an honest "we don't know yet" row rather than a confident "Pin" over

frontend/src/features/diagnostics/DebugRecorder.tsx

@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ import {
 } from "../../lib/debugRecorder";
 import { formatDateTimeSec, formatDuration } from "../../lib/format";
 import { useLayer } from "../../lib/layerStack";
-import { notify } from "../../lib/notifications";
+import { msg, notify } from "../../lib/notifications";
 import { qk } from "../../lib/queryKeys";
 import { dockUnderToasts } from "../../lib/toastDock";
 import { useMe } from "../../lib/useMe";
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ export default function DebugRecorder() {
     if (!id || !until) return;
     const wait = Math.min(Date.parse(until) - Date.now(), 2 ** 31 - 1);
     const timer = window.setTimeout(() => {
-      notify({ level: "warning", message: t("recorder.pill.expired", { count: minutes ?? 0 }) });
+      notify({ level: "warning", message: msg("recorder.pill.expired", { count: minutes ?? 0 }) });
       openComposer(id);
       void qc.invalidateQueries({ queryKey: qk.me() });
     }, wait);

frontend/src/features/diagnostics/IssueComposer.tsx

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ import { ExternalLink, FileText, Plus, Server, X } from "lucide-react";
 import { api, type DebugScreenshot, type DebugSession, type ServerLogRow } from "../../lib/api";
 import { closeComposer } from "../../lib/debugRecorder";
 import { formatBytes, formatDateTimeSec, formatUnit } from "../../lib/format";
-import { notify } from "../../lib/notifications";
+import { msg, notify } from "../../lib/notifications";
 import { useMe } from "../../lib/useMe";
 import {
   draftSteps,
@@ -217,7 +217,7 @@ function ComposerBody({
     meta: { failTitle: "recorder.composer.sendFailed" },
     onSuccess: (r) => {
       qc.setQueryData(qk.debugSession(session.id), r.session);
-      notify({ level: "success", message: t("recorder.composer.sentOk") });
+      notify({ level: "success", message: msg("recorder.composer.sentOk") });
     },
     // A failure half-way still created the issue: show what the server now has.
     onSettled: async () => {

frontend/src/features/diagnostics/useDebugRecording.ts

@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 import { useCallback } from "react";
 import { useIsMutating, useMutation, useQueryClient } from "@tanstack/react-query";
-import { useTranslation } from "react-i18next";
 
 import { api, type DebugSession, type DebugSessionLevel } from "../../lib/api";
 import { notifyActionError } from "../../lib/actionErrors";
@@ -14,7 +13,7 @@ import {
 } from "../../lib/debugRecorder";
 import { flushNow, liveSession } from "../../lib/diagnostics";
 import { log } from "../../lib/log";
-import { notify } from "../../lib/notifications";
+import { msg, notify } from "../../lib/notifications";
 import { qk } from "../../lib/queryKeys";
 import { updateMeCache, useMe } from "../../lib/useMe";
 
@@ -22,7 +21,6 @@ import { updateMeCache, useMe } from "../../lib/useMe";
  *  Diagnosztika and the command palette. The session itself is `me.debug_session` — the server's
  *  answer, so a reload, another tab or the cap all show the same thing. */
 export function useDebugRecording() {
-  const { t } = useTranslation();
   const qc = useQueryClient();
   const me = useMe();
   const session = liveSession(me?.debug_session);
@@ -54,7 +52,7 @@ export function useDebugRecording() {
     meta: { failTitle: "recorder.pill.stopFailed" },
     onSuccess: (r) => {
       setSession(null);
-      notify({ level: "success", message: t("recorder.pill.stopped") });
+      notify({ level: "success", message: msg("recorder.pill.stopped") });
       openComposer(r.session.id);
     },
   });
@@ -78,7 +76,7 @@ export function useDebugRecording() {
       );
       // In the evidence too, where the step list is drafted from: which step it belongs to.
       log.info("debug.screenshot", "screenshot taken", { screenshot: r.screenshot.id });
-      notify({ level: "success", message: t("recorder.pill.shotSaved") });
+      notify({ level: "success", message: msg("recorder.pill.shotSaved") });
     },
   });
 
@@ -95,9 +93,9 @@ export function useDebugRecording() {
       const n = nextStep(sessionId);
       const text = label.trim();
       log.info("debug.step", text || `step ${n}`, { n, ...(text ? { label: text } : {}) });
-      notify({ level: "info", message: t("recorder.pill.stepMarked", { n }) });
+      notify({ level: "info", message: msg("recorder.pill.stepMarked", { n }) });
     },
-    [sessionId, t],
+    [sessionId],
   );
 
   /** Capture this tab and attach it. `hide` runs around the capture so the pill is not in the
@@ -111,7 +109,7 @@ export function useDebugRecording() {
       await new Promise((r) => requestAnimationFrame(() => requestAnimationFrame(r)));
       image = await captureTab();
     } catch (err) {
-      notifyActionError(err, t("recorder.pill.shotFailed"));
+      notifyActionError(err, msg("recorder.pill.shotFailed"));
     }
     hide(false);
     if (image) shoot.mutate({ id: session.id, image });

frontend/src/features/downloads/DownloadDialog.tsx

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ import { invalidateDownloads } from "../../lib/downloads";
 
 // Lazy: the full profile editor only opens from the dialog's "manage presets" affordance.
 const ProfileEditor = lazy(() => import("../../modules/settings/ProfileEditor"));
-import { notify } from "../../lib/notifications";
+import { msg, notify } from "../../lib/notifications";
 import { notifyActionError } from "../../lib/actionErrors";
 import { showInTray } from "../../lib/downloadQueue";
 import { profileName } from "../../lib/vocab";
@@ -63,15 +63,15 @@ export default function DownloadDialog({
       setLastProfile(chosen);
       notify({
         level: "success",
-        message: t("downloads.dialog.added"),
+        message: msg("downloads.dialog.added"),
-        action: { label: t("downloads.dialog.view"), onClick: () => showInTray(job.id) },
+        action: { label: msg("downloads.dialog.view"), onClick: () => showInTray(job.id) },
       });
       onClose();
     } catch (e) {
       // A quota or validation refusal (422/409) is already in the global error dialog, which the
       // reporter skips; a 403/404/429 or a lost connection is not, and used to leave the dialog
       // open with nothing said.
-      notifyActionError(e, t("errors.writeFailed.enqueueDownload"));
+      notifyActionError(e, msg("errors.writeFailed.enqueueDownload"));
       setBusy(false);
     }
   };

frontend/src/features/downloads/DownloadTray.dom.test.tsx

@@ -70,6 +70,7 @@ vi.mock("../../lib/notifications", async (importOriginal) => ({
 }));
 
 import DownloadTray from "./DownloadTray";
+import { msg, type NotifText, raw } from "../../lib/notifications";
 import { noteQueue, resetQueueWatch, showInTray } from "../../lib/downloadQueue";
 import { pushLayer, removeLayer } from "../../lib/layerStack";
 import { qk } from "../../lib/queryKeys";
@@ -199,14 +200,15 @@ describe("DownloadTray", () => {
     poll([job(1, "done")], view);
     await waitFor(() => expect(h.notify).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1));
     const notice = h.notify.mock.calls[0]![0] as {
-      title: string;
+      title: NotifText;
-      message: string;
+      message: NotifText;
-      action: { label: string; onClick: () => void };
+      action: { label: NotifText; onClick: () => void };
-      secondaryAction: { label: string; onClick: () => void };
+      secondaryAction: { label: NotifText; onClick: () => void };
     };
-    expect(notice.title).toBe("tray.done.title:Clip 1");
+    expect(notice.title).toEqual(msg("tray.done.title", { title: raw("Clip 1") }));
-    expect(notice.message).toBe("tray.done.phone");
+    expect(notice.message).toEqual(msg("tray.done.phone"));
-    expect(notice.action.label).toBe("tray.done.copyLink");
+    expect(notice.action.label).toEqual(msg("tray.done.copyLink"));
+    expect(notice.secondaryAction.label).toEqual(msg("tray.done.open"));
     notice.action.onClick();
     expect(h.share).toHaveBeenCalled();
     notice.secondaryAction.onClick();
@@ -225,9 +227,9 @@ describe("DownloadTray", () => {
     await waitFor(() => expect(h.notify).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1));
     poll([job(1, "done"), job(2, "done")], view);
     await waitFor(() => expect(h.notify).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(2));
-    expect(h.notify.mock.calls.map((c) => (c[0] as { title: string }).title)).toEqual([
+    expect(h.notify.mock.calls.map((c) => (c[0] as { title: NotifText }).title)).toEqual([
-      "tray.done.title:Clip 1",
+      msg("tray.done.title", { title: raw("Clip 1") }),
-      "tray.done.title:Clip 2",
+      msg("tray.done.title", { title: raw("Clip 2") }),
     ]);
   });
 
@@ -236,7 +238,9 @@ describe("DownloadTray", () => {
     const view = mount();
     poll([job(1, "done", { asset: { media_kind: "file" } as never })], view);
     await waitFor(() =>
-      expect(h.notify).toHaveBeenCalledWith(expect.objectContaining({ message: "tray.done.file" })),
+      expect(h.notify).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+        expect.objectContaining({ message: msg("tray.done.file") }),
+      ),
     );
   });
 
@@ -257,7 +261,9 @@ describe("DownloadTray", () => {
     poll([job(1, "done", { source_key: "upload" })], view);
     await waitFor(() =>
       expect(h.notify).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
-        expect.objectContaining({ title: "tray.done.uploadedTitle:Clip 1" }),
+        expect.objectContaining({
+          title: msg("tray.done.uploadedTitle", { title: raw("Clip 1") }),
+        }),
       ),
     );
   });

frontend/src/features/downloads/DownloadTray.tsx

@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ import {
 } from "../../lib/downloadQueue";
 import { anyBlockingLayer } from "../../lib/layerStack";
 import { focusNavItem, navItemAttrs } from "../../lib/listNav";
-import { notify } from "../../lib/notifications";
+import { msg, notify, raw } from "../../lib/notifications";
 import { qk } from "../../lib/queryKeys";
 import { LS } from "../../lib/storage";
 import { useLiveQuery } from "../../lib/useLiveQuery";
@@ -191,16 +191,16 @@ export default function DownloadTray() {
     notify({
       level: "success",
       // An upload the worker had to convert first is done here too — it was never downloaded.
-      title: t(job.source_key === "upload" ? "tray.done.uploadedTitle" : "tray.done.title", {
+      title: msg(job.source_key === "upload" ? "tray.done.uploadedTitle" : "tray.done.title", {
-        title,
+        title: raw(title),
       }),
-      message: t(job.asset?.media_kind === "file" ? "tray.done.file" : "tray.done.phone"),
+      message: msg(job.asset?.media_kind === "file" ? "tray.done.file" : "tray.done.phone"),
       action: {
-        label: t("tray.done.copyLink"),
+        label: msg("tray.done.copyLink"),
-        onClick: () => void quickShareLink(qc, { kind: "file", id: job.id }, t),
+        onClick: () => void quickShareLink(qc, { kind: "file", id: job.id }),
       },
       secondaryAction: {
-        label: t("tray.done.open"),
+        label: msg("tray.done.open"),
         onClick: () => openFile(job.id, job.folder_id),
       },
     });
@@ -298,7 +298,7 @@ export default function DownloadTray() {
         id: "copyLink",
         label: t("tray.done.copyLink"),
         icon: <Link className="w-4 h-4" />,
-        onSelect: () => void quickShareLink(qc, { kind: "file", id: job.id }, t),
+        onSelect: () => void quickShareLink(qc, { kind: "file", id: job.id }),
       },
     ]);
   const menuItems = menu.target

frontend/src/features/downloads/useDownloadActions.tsx

@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ import { useCopyItems } from "../../components/ui/copyItems";
 import { jobTitle } from "./downloadTitle";
 import { type ActionMenuItem } from "../../components/ui/ActionMenu";
 import { menuGroups } from "../../components/ui/menuGroups";
+import { msg } from "../../lib/notifications";
 
 // A queued download's ONE action list: the row's "…", its right-click, long-press and Shift+F10. The
 // row keeps its primary action (pause / resume / retry) and its state (the error and its details) in
@@ -56,7 +57,7 @@ export function useDownloadActions() {
           ? api.resumeDownload(id)
           : api.cancelDownload(id),
     onSuccess: () => invalidateDownloads(qc),
-    onError: (e, v) => notifyActionError(e, t(`errors.writeFailed.job.${v.op}`)),
+    onError: (e, v) => notifyActionError(e, msg(`errors.writeFailed.job.${v.op}`)),
   });
 
   const confirmThen = async (title: string, body: string, action: string, fn: () => void) => {

frontend/src/features/filters/useSavedViewsStore.ts

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ import { notifyActionError } from "../../lib/actionErrors";
 import { ownKey } from "../../lib/storage";
 import { useConfirm } from "../../components/ui/confirmContext";
 import type { SavedViewsContext, ViewSource } from "./savedViewsContext";
+import { msg, type NotifText } from "../../lib/notifications";
 
 // Saved "smart views" serve two modules — the feed and Plex — and each owns one store of them in its
 // own folder, built on this hook. The two never switch into each other: a visit to Plex leaves the
@@ -114,7 +115,7 @@ export function useSavedViewsStore(cfg: SavedViewsConfig): SavedViewsContext {
   const isDirty = displayView != null && activeView == null;
 
   const refresh = () => void qc.invalidateQueries({ queryKey: qk.savedViews(source) });
-  async function runViewMutation(fn: () => Promise<unknown>, failMsg: string): Promise<boolean> {
+  async function runViewMutation(fn: () => Promise<unknown>, failMsg: NotifText): Promise<boolean> {
     let ok = true;
     try {
       await fn();
@@ -146,28 +147,28 @@ export function useSavedViewsStore(cfg: SavedViewsConfig): SavedViewsContext {
       if (!clean) return false;
       return runViewMutation(
         () => api.createView(clean, cfg.stripForSave(cfg.filters), source),
-        t("views.actionFailed"),
+        msg("views.actionFailed"),
       );
     },
     rename: async (id, name) => {
       const next = name.trim();
       if (!next) return false;
-      return runViewMutation(() => api.updateView(id, { name: next }), t("views.actionFailed"));
+      return runViewMutation(() => api.updateView(id, { name: next }), msg("views.actionFailed"));
     },
     updateFilters: (id, filters) =>
-      runViewMutation(() => api.updateView(id, { filters }), t("views.actionFailed")),
+      runViewMutation(() => api.updateView(id, { filters }), msg("views.actionFailed")),
     saveCurrent: async (id) => {
       const filters = cfg.stripForSave(cfg.filters);
       const ok = await runViewMutation(
         () => api.updateView(id, { filters }),
-        t("views.actionFailed"),
+        msg("views.actionFailed"),
       );
       return ok ? filters : null;
     },
     toggleDefault: (v) =>
       runViewMutation(
         () => api.updateView(v.id, { is_default: !v.is_default }),
-        t("views.actionFailed"),
+        msg("views.actionFailed"),
       ).then(() => undefined),
     remove: async (v) => {
       const ok = await confirm({
@@ -177,14 +178,14 @@ export function useSavedViewsStore(cfg: SavedViewsConfig): SavedViewsContext {
       });
       if (!ok) return false;
       if (stickyId === v.id) setStickyId(null);
-      return runViewMutation(() => api.deleteView(v.id), t("views.actionFailed"));
+      return runViewMutation(() => api.deleteView(v.id), msg("views.actionFailed"));
     },
     reorder: async (nextIds) => {
       qc.setQueryData<SavedView[]>(
         qk.savedViews(source),
         nextIds.map((id) => views.find((v) => v.id === id)!).filter(Boolean),
       );
-      await runViewMutation(() => api.reorderViews(nextIds), t("views.reorderFailed"));
+      await runViewMutation(() => api.reorderViews(nextIds), msg("views.reorderFailed"));
     },
   };
 }

frontend/src/features/player/ClipPanel.dom.test.tsx

@@ -30,10 +30,11 @@ vi.mock("../../lib/downloadQueue", () => ({ showInTray: (id: number) => showInTr
 const notifyActionError = vi.fn();
 vi.mock("../../lib/actionErrors", async (importOriginal) => {
   const actual = await importOriginal<typeof import("../../lib/actionErrors")>();
-  return { ...actual, notifyActionError: (e: unknown, t: string) => notifyActionError(e, t) };
+  return { ...actual, notifyActionError: (e: unknown, t: NotifText) => notifyActionError(e, t) };
 });
 
 import ClipPanel, { type ClipCrop, type ClipSource } from "./ClipPanel";
+import { msg, type NotifText } from "../../lib/notifications";
 
 afterEach(() => {
   cleanup();
@@ -188,7 +189,7 @@ describe("ClipPanel", () => {
       display_name: "The bit",
     });
     expect(notify).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
-      expect.objectContaining({ level: "success", message: "clip.queued" }),
+      expect.objectContaining({ level: "success", message: msg("clip.queued") }),
     );
     // Its View opens the tray on the new clip.
     (
@@ -214,7 +215,7 @@ describe("ClipPanel", () => {
     fireEvent.click(screen.getByRole("button", { name: "clip.cut" }));
     await waitFor(() => expect(notifyActionError).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1));
     expect(notifyActionError.mock.calls[0]![0]).toBe(err);
-    expect(notifyActionError.mock.calls[0]![1]).toBe("clip.failed");
+    expect(notifyActionError.mock.calls[0]![1]).toEqual(msg("clip.failed"));
     expect(onClose).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
     expect((screen.getByRole("button", { name: "clip.cut" }) as HTMLButtonElement).disabled).toBe(
       false,

frontend/src/features/player/ClipPanel.tsx

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ import { Crop, Crosshair, Maximize, Minus, Plus, Repeat, Scissors, X } from "luc
 import { api, type ClipRequest } from "../../lib/api";
 import { DISPLAY_NAME_MAX } from "../../lib/api/downloads";
 import { invalidateDownloads } from "../../lib/downloads";
-import { notify } from "../../lib/notifications";
+import { msg, notify } from "../../lib/notifications";
 import { notifyActionError } from "../../lib/actionErrors";
 import { showInTray } from "../../lib/downloadQueue";
 import { log } from "../../lib/log";
@@ -197,14 +197,14 @@ export default function ClipPanel({
       log.info("clip.queued", "clip queued", { source: src.source, seconds: Math.round(length) });
       notify({
         level: "success",
-        message: t("clip.queued"),
+        message: msg("clip.queued"),
-        action: { label: t("clip.view"), onClick: () => showInTray(job.id) },
+        action: { label: msg("clip.view"), onClick: () => showInTray(job.id) },
       });
       onClose();
     } catch (err) {
       // A refusal the server explains (too long, quota) is already in the error dialog; a lost
       // connection or a 404 is not, and must not leave the panel looking as if nothing happened.
-      notifyActionError(err, t("clip.failed"));
+      notifyActionError(err, msg("clip.failed"));
       setBusy(false);
     }
   };

frontend/src/features/player/LinkedPlayer.tsx

@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 import { lazy, Suspense, useState } from "react";
-import { useTranslation } from "react-i18next";
 import { useQueryClient } from "@tanstack/react-query";
 import { type Video, type VideoStatus } from "../../lib/api";
 import { qk } from "../../lib/queryKeys";
@@ -7,6 +6,7 @@ import { notifyActionError } from "../../lib/actionErrors";
 import { useStableCallback } from "../../lib/useLatest";
 import { writeVideoState } from "../video/videoWrites";
 import { useOpenLinkedPlayer } from "./useOpenLinkedPlayer";
+import { msg } from "../../lib/notifications";
 
 const PlayerModal = lazy(() => import("./PlayerModal"));
 
@@ -14,7 +14,6 @@ const PlayerModal = lazy(() => import("./PlayerModal"));
  *  channel manager, where the watched-videos dialog played it; any page a link names): the video
  *  alone. Decided at boot, once — `hosted` is whether the page on screen then opens it itself. */
 export function LinkedPlayer({ hosted }: { hosted: boolean }) {
-  const { t } = useTranslation();
   const qc = useQueryClient();
   const [own] = useState(!hosted);
   const [video, setVideo] = useState<Video | null>(null);
@@ -27,7 +26,7 @@ export function LinkedPlayer({ hosted }: { hosted: boolean }) {
     const write = writeVideoState(qc, id, status);
     write
       .then(() => qc.invalidateQueries({ queryKey: qk.feed() }))
-      .catch((e: unknown) => notifyActionError(e, t("errors.writeFailed.videoState")));
+      .catch((e: unknown) => notifyActionError(e, msg("errors.writeFailed.videoState")));
     return write;
   });
   const close = useStableCallback(() => setVideo(null));

frontend/src/features/player/PlayerModal.dom.test.tsx

@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ import { closeKeyboardHelp, toggleKeyboardHelp } from "../../lib/keymap";
 import { ConfirmProvider } from "../../components/ui/ConfirmProvider";
 import { useConfirm } from "../../components/ui/confirmContext";
 import { api, type Me, type Video, type VideoStatus } from "../../lib/api";
-import { clearAll, notify } from "../../lib/notifications";
+import { clearAll, notify, raw } from "../../lib/notifications";
 import { qk } from "../../lib/queryKeys";
 import { writeVideoState } from "../video/videoWrites";
 
@@ -314,7 +314,7 @@ describe("PlayerModal — toasts raised while it is open", () => {
         onState={() => Promise.resolve()}
       />,
     );
-    act(() => void notify({ level: "error", message: "Couldn't remove the video." }));
+    act(() => void notify({ level: "error", message: raw("Couldn't remove the video.") }));
     expect(screen.getByTestId("player-modal").textContent).toContain("Couldn't remove the video.");
   });
 
@@ -336,7 +336,7 @@ describe("PlayerModal — toasts raised while it is open", () => {
     Object.defineProperty(document, "fullscreenElement", { configurable: true, get: () => stage });
     try {
       act(() => void document.dispatchEvent(new Event("fullscreenchange")));
-      act(() => void notify({ level: "error", message: "Connection lost" }));
+      act(() => void notify({ level: "error", message: raw("Connection lost") }));
       await waitFor(() => expect(stage.textContent).toContain("Connection lost"));
     } finally {
       delete (document as { fullscreenElement?: unknown }).fullscreenElement;

frontend/src/features/player/RelatedVideos.tsx

@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@ import VideoCard from "../video/VideoCard";
 import { VideoMenu } from "../video/VideoMenu";
 import { announceVideoState } from "../video/stateNotice";
 import { writeVideoState, writeWatchLater } from "../video/videoWrites";
+import { msg } from "../../lib/notifications";
 
 /** Which list YouTube fills in — on the video's topic or with what trends in Hungary — is a mood,
  *  decided at the list, and the account keeps the last one (the owner's pick). */
@@ -100,7 +101,7 @@ export function RelatedVideos({
         announceVideoState(id, status, v, () => onState(id, "new"));
       })
       .catch((e: unknown) => {
-        notifyActionError(e, t("errors.writeFailed.videoState"));
+        notifyActionError(e, msg("errors.writeFailed.videoState"));
         settle(seq);
       });
   };
@@ -118,7 +119,7 @@ export function RelatedVideos({
       .catch((e: unknown) => {
         notifyActionError(
           e,
-          t(saved ? "errors.writeFailed.watchLaterAdd" : "errors.writeFailed.watchLaterRemove"),
+          msg(saved ? "errors.writeFailed.watchLaterAdd" : "errors.writeFailed.watchLaterRemove"),
         );
         settle(seq);
       });

frontend/src/features/player/useOpenLinkedPlayer.dom.test.tsx

@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@ import { useOpenLinkedPlayer } from "./useOpenLinkedPlayer";
 import { LinkedPlayer } from "./LinkedPlayer";
 import { api, type Video } from "../../lib/api";
 import { notifyActionError } from "../../lib/actionErrors";
+import { msg } from "../../lib/notifications";
 import { qk } from "../../lib/queryKeys";
 
 const vid = (id: string) => ({ id, title: id }) as unknown as Video;
@@ -76,7 +77,7 @@ describe("useOpenLinkedPlayer", () => {
     const open = vi.fn();
     renderHook(() => useOpenLinkedPlayer(true, () => undefined, open), { wrapper });
     await waitFor(() =>
-      expect(notifyActionError).toHaveBeenCalledWith(gone, "player.linkedFailed"),
+      expect(notifyActionError).toHaveBeenCalledWith(gone, msg("player.linkedFailed")),
     );
     expect(open).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
     // Said once: the address no longer names it, so a reload or a copied link does not say it again.

frontend/src/features/player/useOpenLinkedPlayer.ts

@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 import { useEffect, useEffectEvent, useRef, useState } from "react";
-import { useTranslation } from "react-i18next";
 import { useQuery } from "@tanstack/react-query";
 import { api, type Video } from "../../lib/api";
 import { qk } from "../../lib/queryKeys";
 import { linkedPlayer, PLAYER_KEYS } from "../../lib/playerUrlState";
 import { clearParams } from "../../lib/urlState";
 import { notifyActionError } from "../../lib/actionErrors";
+import { msg } from "../../lib/notifications";
 
 /** Opens the player an address names (a reload, a bookmark — lib/playerUrlState) on the page that
  *  hosts it, once: read as the host mounts, opened once its list is in (`ready`). From the list when the
@@ -22,7 +22,6 @@ export function useOpenLinkedPlayer(
   open: (video: Video, inList: boolean) => void,
   scope: string | number | null = null,
 ): void {
-  const { t } = useTranslation();
   const [linked] = useState(() => linkedPlayer()?.watch ?? null);
   const [linkedScope] = useState(scope);
   // Opened, said to be gone or given up, once. A ref for the effect (a StrictMode re-run of it must
@@ -40,7 +39,7 @@ export function useOpenLinkedPlayer(
   });
   const openIt = useEffectEvent(open);
   const failed = useEffectEvent((err: unknown) => {
-    notifyActionError(err, t("player.linkedFailed"));
+    notifyActionError(err, msg("player.linkedFailed"));
     clearParams(...PLAYER_KEYS);
   });
   useEffect(() => {

frontend/src/features/plexCards/PlexCollectionAdd.tsx

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ import { PopoverSurface } from "../../components/ui/AnchoredPopover";
 import { useAnchoredPopover } from "../../components/ui/anchoredPopoverHooks";
 import { MembershipMenu } from "../../components/ui/MembershipMenu";
 import { SURFACE } from "../../components/ui/surfaces";
+import { msg } from "../../lib/notifications";
 
 // "Add to collection…" from a movie or show card's menu: a panel beside the card that ticks the title
 // into or out of its library's manual collections, and names a new one — created with this title in
@@ -67,7 +68,7 @@ export default function PlexCollectionAddAt({
       else await api.plexCollectionAddItem(c.id, ratingKey);
       qc.setQueryData<typeof list.data>(forKey, (old) => flipContains(old, c.id));
     } catch (e) {
-      notifyActionError(e, t("plex.collection.editFailed"));
+      notifyActionError(e, msg("plex.collection.editFailed"));
     }
     refresh();
     setBusy(false);
@@ -83,7 +84,7 @@ export default function PlexCollectionAddAt({
       made = true;
     } catch (e) {
       made = madeOnPlex(e);
-      notifyActionError(e, t("plex.collection.editFailed"));
+      notifyActionError(e, msg("plex.collection.editFailed"));
     }
     refresh();
     setBusy(false);

frontend/src/features/plexCards/PlexPlaylistAdd.tsx

@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ import Modal from "../../components/ui/Modal";
 import { Pressable } from "../../components/ui/Pressable";
 import { Input } from "../../components/ui/Input";
 import { SURFACE } from "../../components/ui/surfaces";
+import { msg } from "../../lib/notifications";
 
 // What we're adding: a single leaf (movie/episode) or a whole group (a season or an entire show, as a
 // set of episode rating_keys). Groups get a tri-state (none / some / all) per playlist.
@@ -80,7 +81,7 @@ export default function PlexPlaylistAdd({
     } catch (e) {
       notifyActionError(
         e,
-        t(allIn ? "plex.playlistAdd.removeFailed" : "plex.playlistAdd.addFailed"),
+        msg(allIn ? "plex.playlistAdd.removeFailed" : "plex.playlistAdd.addFailed"),
       );
     }
     refresh();
@@ -104,7 +105,7 @@ export default function PlexPlaylistAdd({
     } catch (e) {
       // The create may already have landed when the add fails — `refresh()` in `finally` is what
       // makes that half-done state visible instead of leaving a playlist the dialog never lists.
-      notifyActionError(e, t("plex.playlistAdd.createFailed"));
+      notifyActionError(e, msg("plex.playlistAdd.createFailed"));
     }
     refresh();
     setBusy(false);

frontend/src/features/plexCards/plexCards.lang.dom.test.tsx

@@ -74,6 +74,8 @@ describe("a season's name", () => {
     ["Season 1", 1, "plex.seasonTitle(1)"],
     ["Specials", 0, "plex.specials"],
     ["Book One: Water", 1, "Book One: Water"],
+    ["Season 4", null, "Season 4"],
+    ["", null, "plex.playlist.seasonUnknown"],
   ])("Plex's %j (season %s) reads %j", (title, n, shown) => {
     render(<SeasonCard se={season(title, n)} onOpen={vi.fn()} />);
     expect(screen.getByText(shown)).toBeTruthy();

frontend/src/features/plexCards/usePlexCardActions.tsx

@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ import { pinPlex, useComfortPin } from "../comfort/comfortPin";
 import { useCopyItems } from "../../components/ui/copyItems";
 import PlexPlaylistAdd, { type PlexAddTarget } from "./PlexPlaylistAdd";
 import { type ActionMenuItem } from "../../components/ui/ActionMenu";
+import { raw } from "../../lib/notifications";
 
 // A Plex title's ONE action list (docs/DESIGN.md "Action placement"): the right-click, the
 // long-press, Shift+F10 and the card's "…" open a menu built here, so every poster grid and rail
@@ -151,7 +152,7 @@ export function usePlexCardActions(handlers: PlexActionHandlers, open: boolean)
           ]
         : []),
       ...copy(c.title, null).map((it) => ({ ...it, separatorBefore: !onInfo })),
-      ...(withPin ? pin.item(pinPlex(c), c.title) : []),
+      ...(withPin ? pin.item(pinPlex(c), raw(c.title)) : []),
     ];
   };
 

frontend/src/features/video/AddToPlaylist.tsx

@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ import { useAnchoredPopover } from "../../components/ui/anchoredPopoverHooks";
 import { IconButton } from "../../components/ui/IconButton";
 import { MembershipMenu } from "../../components/ui/MembershipMenu";
 import { SURFACE } from "../../components/ui/surfaces";
+import { msg } from "../../lib/notifications";
 
 // A small anchored menu for toggling a video's membership in the user's playlists, with inline
 // "new playlist" creation. Its body is the shared MembershipMenu (as the channel tag editor's).
@@ -122,7 +123,7 @@ function MembershipPanel({
         old?.map((p) => (p.id === pl.id ? { ...p, has_video: !p.has_video } : p)),
       );
     } catch (e) {
-      notifyActionError(e, t(pl.has_video ? "playlists.removeFailed" : "playlists.addFailed"));
+      notifyActionError(e, msg(pl.has_video ? "playlists.removeFailed" : "playlists.addFailed"));
     }
     refresh();
     setBusy(false);
@@ -137,7 +138,7 @@ function MembershipPanel({
       await addPlaylistItem(qc, pl, videoId);
       made = true;
     } catch (e) {
-      notifyActionError(e, t("playlists.addFailed"));
+      notifyActionError(e, msg("playlists.addFailed"));
     }
     refresh();
     setBusy(false);

frontend/src/features/video/stateNotice.ts

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import i18n from "../../i18n";
-import { notify, resolveVideo } from "../../lib/notifications";
+import { msg, notify, raw, resolveVideo } from "../../lib/notifications";
 import type { Video, VideoStatus } from "../../lib/api";
 
 /** What a notice names the video by; any of it may be unknown to the surface that marked it. */
@@ -24,9 +24,9 @@ export function announceVideoState(
   const hidden = status === "hidden";
   notify({
     message: video?.title
-      ? i18n.t(hidden ? "feed.hiddenNamed" : "feed.markedWatchedNamed", { title: video.title })
+      ? msg(hidden ? "feed.hiddenNamed" : "feed.markedWatchedNamed", { title: raw(video.title) })
-      : i18n.t(hidden ? "feed.hidden" : "feed.markedWatched"),
+      : msg(hidden ? "feed.hidden" : "feed.markedWatched"),
-    action: { label: i18n.t(hidden ? "feed.undo" : "feed.unwatch"), onClick: undo },
+    action: { label: msg(hidden ? "feed.undo" : "feed.unwatch"), onClick: undo },
     meta: {
       kind: hidden ? "video-hidden" : "video-watched",
       videoId: id,

frontend/src/features/video/useVideoActions.tsx

@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@ import { useCopyItems } from "../../components/ui/copyItems";
 import { useNavigationActions } from "../navigation/navigationContext";
 import { type ActionMenuItem } from "../../components/ui/ActionMenu";
 import { VideoFollowUp, type VideoFollowUpState } from "./VideoFollowUp";
+import { raw } from "../../lib/notifications";
 
 // A video's ONE action list (docs/DESIGN.md "Action placement"). The right-click, the
 // long-press, Shift+F10 and the card's "…" all open a menu built here, so the feed, a channel page
@@ -198,7 +199,7 @@ export function useVideoActions(handlers: VideoActionHandlers, open: boolean) {
             },
           ]
         : []),
-      ...(withPin ? pin.item(pinVideo(v.id), v.title ?? "") : []),
+      ...(withPin ? pin.item(pinVideo(v.id), raw(v.title ?? "")) : []),
     ];
   };
 

frontend/src/features/wizard/OnboardingWizard.dialog.dom.test.tsx

@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ vi.mock("../../lib/onboarding", () => ({ beginGrant: vi.fn(), endOnboarding: vi.
 
 import OnboardingWizard from "./OnboardingWizard";
 import { api, type Me } from "../../lib/api";
-import { clearAll, notify } from "../../lib/notifications";
+import { clearAll, notify, raw } from "../../lib/notifications";
 
 const me = { id: 1, email: "a@b", can_read: false, can_write: false } as unknown as Me;
 
@@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ describe("the onboarding wizard as a dialog", () => {
     document.body.appendChild(outside);
     outside.focus();
     const { unmount } = mount();
-    act(() => void notify({ level: "error", message: "offline" }));
+    act(() => void notify({ level: "error", message: raw("offline") }));
     const dismissToast = screen.getByTitle("notifications.dismiss");
     dismissToast.focus();
     expect(document.activeElement).toBe(dismissToast);
@@ -126,7 +126,7 @@ describe("the onboarding wizard as a dialog", () => {
     // unreachable from the keyboard. `ui/Modal` spans the whole dialog for exactly this reason.
     mount();
     const panel = screen.getByRole("dialog");
-    act(() => void notify({ level: "error", message: "offline" }));
+    act(() => void notify({ level: "error", message: raw("offline") }));
     try {
       const dismissToast = screen.getByTitle("notifications.dismiss");
       expect(panel.contains(dismissToast)).toBe(false);

frontend/src/i18n/backendIds.contract.test.ts

@@ -1,7 +1,15 @@
+import { execFileSync } from "node:child_process";
 import { readdirSync, readFileSync } from "node:fs";
+import { fileURLToPath } from "node:url";
 import { describe, expect, it } from "vitest";
 
 import { RUN_STATUSES } from "../lib/activityUrlState";
+import {
+  REFUSAL_BY_REASON,
+  REFUSAL_FAMILIES,
+  REFUSAL_FIXED,
+  REFUSAL_UNSHOWN,
+} from "../lib/api/refusalCodes";
 import { vocabKey } from "../lib/vocab";
 
 // Every id the BACKEND owns and the UI names must have its name in both languages. The UI looks these
@@ -21,6 +29,25 @@ import { vocabKey } from "../lib/vocab";
 const backend = (file: string) =>
   readFileSync(new URL(`../../../backend/app/${file}`, import.meta.url), "utf-8");
 
+// Every refusal the backend can answer, read from its syntax tree by `backend/tests/refusal_sites.py`
+// (stdlib `ast`, on the host's Python, as the ruff lane is): each code with every reason it can be sent
+// with — a reason in a variable followed to its `Literal` type, its helper's every call, its map — and
+// what it could not follow, which fails below. It also hands back every `Literal` alias it read.
+type RefusalScan = {
+  codes: Record<string, { reasons: string[]; unread: string[]; reasonless: string[] }>;
+  unreadCodes: string[];
+  errors: string[];
+  notRefusals: string[];
+  excluded: Record<string, number>;
+  aliases: Record<string, Record<string, string[]>>;
+};
+const scan = JSON.parse(
+  execFileSync("python", ["-I", "backend/tests/refusal_sites.py"], {
+    cwd: fileURLToPath(new URL("../../../", import.meta.url)),
+    encoding: "utf-8",
+  }),
+) as RefusalScan;
+
 const mods = import.meta.glob("./locales/*/*.json", { eager: true }) as Record<
   string,
   { default: Record<string, unknown> }
@@ -48,12 +75,11 @@ const keysOf = (lang: string): Set<string> => {
 const specs = [
   ...backend("sysconfig.py").matchAll(/ConfigSpec\(\s*"(\w+)",\s*"(\w+)",\s*"(\w+)",\s*"(\w+)"/g),
 ].map((m) => ({ key: m[1]!, type: m[2]!, group: m[3]!, attr: m[4]! }));
-// A choice key's options, as config.py spells them: `<attr>: <Alias> = …` → `<Alias> = Literal[…]`.
+// A choice key's options, as config.py spells them: `<attr>: <Alias> = …`, the alias's values from the scan.
 const configPy = backend("config.py");
 const choicesOf = (attr: string): string[] => {
   const alias = configPy.match(new RegExp(`^\\s+${attr}: (\\w+) =`, "m"))?.[1];
-  const body = alias && configPy.match(new RegExp(`^${alias} = Literal\\[([^\\]]*)\\]`, "m"))?.[1];
+  return (alias && scan.aliases["config.py"]?.[alias]) || [];
-  return [...(body ?? "").matchAll(/"(\w+)"/g)].map((m) => m[1]!);
 };
 const choiceIds = specs
   .filter((s) => s.type === "choice")
@@ -84,20 +110,10 @@ const runEnum = (name: string) =>
 const runStatuses = runEnum("RunStatus");
 const runTriggers = runEnum("RunTrigger");
 const quotaActions = enumValues("quota.py");
-// The admin actions' refusal reasons → `errors.admin.<reason>`. The codes are read from
+// The admin actions' refusals → `errors.admin.<reason>`: the codes recorded under that prefix.
-// `localizeDetail`'s own ADMIN_REFUSALS, so a code added there is scanned here too; a detail dict
+const adminCodes = Object.entries(REFUSAL_FAMILIES)
-// ruff wraps over several lines still matches.
+  .filter(([, f]) => f.prefix === "errors.admin")
-const adminCodes = [
+  .map(([code]) => code);
-  ...(
-    readFileSync(new URL("../lib/api/core.ts", import.meta.url), "utf-8").match(
-      /ADMIN_REFUSALS = new Set\(\[([^\]]*)\]/,
-    )?.[1] ?? ""
-  ).matchAll(/"(\w+)"/g),
-].map((m) => m[1]!);
-const adminRefusals = [
-  ...backend("routes/admin.py").matchAll(/\{\s*"code":\s*"(\w+)",\s*"reason":\s*"(\w+)"/g),
-].filter((m) => adminCodes.includes(m[1]!));
-const adminReasons = [...new Set(adminRefusals.map((m) => m[2]!))];
 // The download failure catalog's host-specific entries → `downloads.errors.fail.catalog.<detail>`.
 // A code holds a dot (`facebook.login_wall`), so the reverse check strips the prefix and the part
 // rather than splitting on dots.
@@ -118,101 +134,45 @@ const failCategories = [
   ]),
 ];
 
-// What a structured 404 says is gone → `errors.notFound.<what>`: every `not_found("x")` and every
+// Every backend source, by its path under app/.
-// `owned_or_404(..., what="x")` / `get_or_404(..., what="x")` under routes/, read from the sources.
+const appPaths = (dir = ""): string[] =>
-const routeFiles = (dir = "routes"): string[] =>
+  readdirSync(new URL(`../../../backend/app/${dir}`, import.meta.url), {
-  readdirSync(new URL(`../../../backend/app/${dir}/`, import.meta.url), {
     withFileTypes: true,
   }).flatMap((e) =>
     e.isDirectory()
-      ? routeFiles(`${dir}/${e.name}`)
+      ? e.name === "__pycache__"
+        ? []
+        : appPaths(`${dir}${e.name}/`)
       : e.name.endsWith(".py")
-        ? [`${dir}/${e.name}`]
+        ? [`${dir}${e.name}`]
         : [],
   );
-const routeSources = (): string[] => routeFiles().map(backend);
 // The words a job's result gives for not doing its work → `scheduler.skip.<vocabKey(word)>` (the Scheduler
 // page, the run notice and the audit row name them; lib/jobResult). Read as the `"skipped": "…"` /
 // `"reason": "…"` literals of the non-HTTP backend: under routes/ (and main.py) a `reason` is a refusal
 // code, which `errors.*` names. A word from an exception's text is not a literal and is not covered.
-const appFiles = (dir: string): string[] =>
-  readdirSync(new URL(`../../../backend/app/${dir}`, import.meta.url), {
-    withFileTypes: true,
-  }).flatMap((e) =>
-    e.isDirectory()
-      ? e.name === "routes" || e.name === "__pycache__"
-        ? []
-        : appFiles(`${dir}${e.name}/`)
-      : e.name.endsWith(".py") && `${dir}${e.name}` !== "main.py"
-        ? [`${dir}${e.name}`]
-        : [],
-  );
 const skipWords = [
   ...new Set(
-    appFiles("").flatMap((f) =>
+    appPaths()
+      .filter((f) => !f.startsWith("routes/") && f !== "main.py")
+      .flatMap((f) =>
         [...backend(f).matchAll(/"(?:skipped|reason)": "([^"]+)"/g)].map((m) => m[1]!),
       ),
   ),
 ];
-// A target the scan cannot read — `what=SOME_CONSTANT` — is a 404 no locale is checked for (one hid
+
-// `debug_session`). Only the helpers' own pass-through in `_common.py` may name it by variable.
+const backendCodes = Object.keys(scan.codes);
-const opaqueWhats = routeFiles()
+const recordedCodes = [
-  .filter((f) => !f.endsWith("/_common.py"))
+  ...Object.keys(REFUSAL_FAMILIES),
-  .flatMap((f) =>
+  ...Object.keys(REFUSAL_BY_REASON),
-    [...backend(f).matchAll(/not_found\((?!"|\))[^)]*\)|what=(?!")\S+/g)].map(
+  ...Object.keys(REFUSAL_FIXED),
-      (m) => `${f}: ${m[0]}`,
+  ...Object.keys(REFUSAL_UNSHOWN),
-    ),
+];
+// The codes whose reason picks the sentence, and what each can carry as its reason.
+const reasoned = [...Object.keys(REFUSAL_FAMILIES), ...Object.keys(REFUSAL_BY_REASON)];
+const reasonsOf: Record<string, string[]> = Object.fromEntries(
+  reasoned.map((code) => [code, scan.codes[code]?.reasons ?? []]),
 );
-const goneWhats = [
-  ...new Set(
-    routeSources().flatMap((src) =>
-      [...src.matchAll(/not_found\("(\w+)"\)|what="(\w+)"/g)].map((m) => (m[1] ?? m[2])!),
-    ),
-  ),
-];
-// Every generic refusal → `errors.refused.<reason>`: each `refused(<status>, "<reason>")` anywhere in
-// the backend (not `_refused`, a router's own family), plus the values of the settings map, which
-// `setting_refused` picks from at runtime, and every `FolderError` reason.
-const appSources = (dir = ""): string[] =>
-  readdirSync(new URL(`../../../backend/app/${dir}`, import.meta.url), {
-    withFileTypes: true,
-  }).flatMap((e) =>
-    e.isDirectory()
-      ? appSources(`${dir}${e.name}/`)
-      : e.name.endsWith(".py")
-        ? [backend(`${dir}${e.name}`)]
-        : [],
-  );
-const refusedReasons = [
-  ...new Set([
-    ...appSources().flatMap((src) =>
-      [...src.matchAll(/(?<![\w.])refused\(\s*\d+,\s*"(\w+)"/g)].map((m) => m[1]!),
-    ),
-    // A folder change the rules refuse travels as `FolderError("<reason>")` and is answered with
-    // `refused(409, e.reason)`, which the pattern above cannot read.
-    ...appSources().flatMap((src) =>
-      [...src.matchAll(/FolderError\("(\w+)"\)/g)].map((m) => m[1]!),
-    ),
-    ...[
-      ...(backend("refusal.py").split("_SETTING_REASONS = {")[1]?.split("}")[0] ?? "").matchAll(
-        /:\s*"(\w+)"/g,
-      ),
-    ].map((m) => m[1]!),
-  ]),
-];
-// A refused YouTube action → `errors.youtube.<reason>`, the reasons read from their Literal.
-const youtubeReasons = [
-  ...(
-    backend("youtube/client.py").match(/^YouTubeRefusal = Literal\[([^\]]*)\]/m)?.[1] ?? ""
-  ).matchAll(/"(\w+)"/g),
-].map((m) => m[1]!);
-// A clip the server will not cut → `clip.errors.<reason>`: every `ClipError("<reason>"…)` in the backend
-// (a reason may carry its numbers after it: `ClipError("too_long", limit_s=…)`).
-const clipReasons = [
-  ...new Set(
-    appSources().flatMap((src) => [...src.matchAll(/ClipError\("(\w+)"[,)]/g)].map((m) => m[1]!)),
-  ),
-];
 
 // The closed English vocabularies the backend WRITES into data, named through `vocab.<group>`
 // (lib/vocab) by their letters-and-digits key. A word the backend adds shows in English until named —
@@ -275,10 +235,11 @@ describe("backend ids have their names in both languages", () => {
     expect(runTriggers).toEqual(expect.arrayContaining(["scheduled", "ad_hoc"]));
     expect(adminCodes).toEqual(expect.arrayContaining(["activate", "resend"]));
     expect(failDetails).toEqual(expect.arrayContaining(["facebook.login_wall"]));
-    expect(goneWhats).toEqual(expect.arrayContaining(["playlist", "download", "job"]));
+    expect(reasonsOf.not_found).toEqual(
-    expect(opaqueWhats).toEqual([]);
+      expect.arrayContaining(["playlist", "download", "job", "user", "debug_session"]),
-    expect(youtubeReasons).toEqual(["quota", "reconnect", "unavailable", "gone"]);
+    );
-    expect(clipReasons).toEqual(expect.arrayContaining(["too_long", "past_end", "bad_crop"]));
+    expect(reasonsOf.youtube).toEqual(["gone", "quota", "reconnect", "unavailable"]);
+    expect(reasonsOf.clip).toEqual(expect.arrayContaining(["too_long", "past_end", "bad_crop"]));
     expect(crewJobs).toEqual(
       expect.arrayContaining(["Director", "Creator", "Director of Photography"]),
     );
@@ -294,11 +255,46 @@ describe("backend ids have their names in both languages", () => {
         "no service user",
       ]),
     );
-    expect(refusedReasons).toEqual(
+    expect(reasonsOf.refused).toEqual(
-      expect.arrayContaining(["weak_password", "setting_too_low", "plex_write_failed"]),
+      expect.arrayContaining([
+        "weak_password",
+        "setting_too_low",
+        "plex_write_failed",
+        "file_folder_gone",
+      ]),
     );
-    // Every code the frontend localizes is raised somewhere the scan can see.
+  });
-    expect(adminCodes.filter((c) => !adminRefusals.some((m) => m[1] === c))).toEqual([]);
+
+  it("every refusal code the backend answers is said by exactly one record, and no record names another", () => {
+    expect(backendCodes).toEqual(expect.arrayContaining(["refused", "playlist", "too_large"]));
+    expect(backendCodes.filter((c) => recordedCodes.filter((r) => r === c).length !== 1)).toEqual(
+      [],
+    );
+    expect(recordedCodes.filter((c) => !backendCodes.includes(c))).toEqual([]);
+  });
+
+  it("every refusal code and reason is one the scan can follow", () => {
+    // The modules set aside as not refusals still use the key.
+    expect(Object.keys(scan.excluded).sort()).toEqual(scan.notRefusals);
+    expect(scan.unreadCodes).toEqual([]);
+    expect(scan.errors).toEqual([]);
+    // A reason it could not follow is a sentence nobody is asked for, unless no screen says that code.
+    expect(
+      Object.entries(scan.codes)
+        .filter(([code]) => !(code in REFUSAL_UNSHOWN))
+        .flatMap(([, c]) => c.unread),
+    ).toEqual([]);
+    // A code whose reason picks the sentence, sent without one, says only its fallback.
+    expect(reasoned.flatMap((code) => scan.codes[code]?.reasonless ?? [])).toEqual([]);
+  });
+
+  it("every code whose reason picks the sentence is read with a reason (a scan that matches nothing is green over nothing)", () => {
+    expect(Object.entries(reasonsOf).filter(([, rs]) => rs.length === 0)).toEqual([]);
+  });
+
+  it("a code whose reasons share sentences names every reason it is sent with, and no other", () => {
+    for (const [code, { reasons }] of Object.entries(REFUSAL_BY_REASON))
+      expect(Object.keys(reasons).sort(), code).toEqual([...reasonsOf[code]!].sort());
   });
 
   it("the run list's status chips are the server's run statuses", () => {
@@ -418,33 +414,6 @@ describe("backend ids have their names in both languages", () => {
       expect([...named].filter((d) => !failDetails.includes(d))).toEqual([]);
     });
 
-    it(`${lang}: every "that is gone" a 404 names, and every YouTube refusal`, () => {
-      expect(missing(goneWhats.map((w) => `errors.notFound.${w}`))).toEqual([]);
-      expect(
-        [...idsUnder(keys, "errors.notFound")].filter(
-          (w) => w !== "generic" && !goneWhats.includes(w),
-        ),
-      ).toEqual([]);
-      expect(missing(youtubeReasons.map((r) => `errors.youtube.${r}`))).toEqual([]);
-      expect(
-        [...idsUnder(keys, "errors.youtube")].filter((r) => !youtubeReasons.includes(r)),
-      ).toEqual([]);
-    });
-
-    it(`${lang}: every generic refusal the backend can answer, and none it cannot`, () => {
-      expect(missing(refusedReasons.map((r) => `errors.refused.${r}`))).toEqual([]);
-      expect(
-        [...idsUnder(keys, "errors.refused")].filter((r) => !refusedReasons.includes(r)),
-      ).toEqual([]);
-    });
-
-    it(`${lang}: every reason a clip is refused, and none it cannot be`, () => {
-      expect(missing(clipReasons.map((r) => `clip.errors.${r}`))).toEqual([]);
-      expect([...idsUnder(keys, "clip.errors")].filter((r) => !clipReasons.includes(r))).toEqual(
-        [],
-      );
-    });
-
     it(`${lang}: every crew job, auto-tag and built-in profile the backend writes, and no other`, () => {
       for (const [group, words] of Object.entries(VOCAB)) {
         const wanted = words.map((w) => `vocab.${group}.${vocabKey(w)}`);
@@ -456,11 +425,49 @@ describe("backend ids have their names in both languages", () => {
       }
     });
 
-    it(`${lang}: every admin refusal reason`, () => {
+    it(`${lang}: every refusal the backend can answer has its sentence`, () => {
-      expect(missing(adminReasons.map((r) => `errors.admin.${r}`))).toEqual([]);
+      const wanted = [
-      expect([...idsUnder(keys, "errors.admin")].filter((r) => !adminReasons.includes(r))).toEqual(
+        ...Object.entries(REFUSAL_FAMILIES).flatMap(([code, f]) => [
-        [],
+          ...reasonsOf[code]!.map((r) => `${f.prefix}.${r}${"suffix" in f ? f.suffix : ""}`),
-      );
+          f.fallback,
+        ]),
+        ...Object.values(REFUSAL_BY_REASON).flatMap((f) => [
+          ...Object.values(f.reasons),
+          f.fallback,
+        ]),
+        ...Object.values(REFUSAL_FIXED),
+        "errors.generic",
+      ];
+      expect(missing([...new Set(wanted)])).toEqual([]);
+    });
+
+    it(`${lang}: no sentence for a refusal reason the backend cannot send`, () => {
+      // By prefix: the admin actions share `errors.admin`. A suffixed family shares its prefix with more
+      // than its refusals — the sign-in screens' `gate`, `addressLabel` — so only an id with the
+      // refusal's own key counts as a reason there.
+      const byPrefix = new Map<
+        string,
+        { suffix: string; reasons: Set<string>; spare: Set<string> }
+      >();
+      for (const [code, f] of Object.entries(REFUSAL_FAMILIES)) {
+        const p = byPrefix.get(f.prefix) ?? {
+          suffix: "suffix" in f ? f.suffix : "",
+          reasons: new Set<string>(),
+          spare: new Set<string>(),
+        };
+        for (const r of reasonsOf[code]!) p.reasons.add(r);
+        if (f.fallback.startsWith(`${f.prefix}.`))
+          p.spare.add(f.fallback.slice(f.prefix.length + 1));
+        byPrefix.set(f.prefix, p);
+      }
+      for (const [prefix, { suffix, reasons, spare }] of byPrefix)
+        expect(
+          [...idsUnder(keys, prefix)].filter(
+            (r) =>
+              (!suffix || keys.has(`${prefix}.${r}${suffix}`)) && !spare.has(r) && !reasons.has(r),
+          ),
+          prefix,
+        ).toEqual([]);
     });
   }
 });

frontend/src/i18n/locales/en/downloads.json

@@ -219,6 +219,7 @@
     "edit": {
       "empty_edit": "Choose a trim range or crop area first",
       "source_not_ready": "The source download isn't ready to edit",
+      "not_media": "Only video and audio can be edited",
       "generic": "Couldn't create that edit"
     },
     "upload": {

frontend/src/i18n/locales/en/inbox.json

@@ -6,11 +6,15 @@
   "clearConfirmTitle": "Clear every notification?",
   "clearConfirmBody": "Every notification here leaves the list, read or not. They don't come back.",
   "markRead": "Mark read",
+  "unreadName": "{{name}}, unread",
   "dismiss": "Dismiss",
   "rowMenu": "Notification actions",
   "menu": "Notifications actions",
-  "sectionSystem": "System",
+  "sectionNeedsYou_one": "Needs you · {{count}}",
-  "sectionActivity": "Activity",
+  "sectionNeedsYou_other": "Needs you · {{count}}",
+  "sectionRecent": "Recent",
+  "earlier_one": "Earlier ({{count}})",
+  "earlier_other": "Earlier ({{count}})",
   "andMore_one": "and {{count}} more",
   "andMore_other": "and {{count}} more",
   "openScheduler": "Open Scheduler",

frontend/src/i18n/locales/en/plex.json

@@ -344,6 +344,7 @@
     "playShow": "Play the show",
     "playSeason": "Play the season",
     "removeFromPlaylist": "Remove from the playlist",
+    "seasonOfShow": "{{show}} · {{season}}",
     "removedToast": "“{{title}}” removed from the playlist",
     "undoRemoveFailed": "Couldn't put it back in the playlist"
   },

frontend/src/i18n/locales/hu/downloads.json

@@ -219,6 +219,7 @@
     "edit": {
       "empty_edit": "Előbb válassz vágási tartományt vagy körbevágási területet",
       "source_not_ready": "A forrásletöltés még nem szerkeszthető",
+      "not_media": "Csak videó és hang szerkeszthető",
       "generic": "Nem sikerült létrehozni a vágást"
     },
     "upload": {

frontend/src/i18n/locales/hu/inbox.json

@@ -6,11 +6,15 @@
   "clearConfirmTitle": "Törlöd az összes értesítést?",
   "clearConfirmBody": "Minden itteni értesítés eltűnik a listából, olvasott és olvasatlan is. Nem hozhatók vissza.",
   "markRead": "Olvasottnak jelöl",
+  "unreadName": "{{name}}, olvasatlan",
   "dismiss": "Elrejtés",
   "rowMenu": "Értesítés műveletei",
   "menu": "Értesítések műveletei",
-  "sectionSystem": "Rendszer",
+  "sectionNeedsYou_one": "Rád vár · {{count}}",
-  "sectionActivity": "Tevékenység",
+  "sectionNeedsYou_other": "Rád vár · {{count}}",
+  "sectionRecent": "Legutóbbiak",
+  "earlier_one": "Korábbiak ({{count}})",
+  "earlier_other": "Korábbiak ({{count}})",
   "andMore_one": "és még {{count}}",
   "andMore_other": "és még {{count}}",
   "openScheduler": "Ütemező megnyitása",

frontend/src/i18n/locales/hu/plex.json

@@ -344,6 +344,7 @@
     "playShow": "Sorozat lejátszása",
     "playSeason": "Évad lejátszása",
     "removeFromPlaylist": "Eltávolítás a listáról",
+    "seasonOfShow": "{{show}} · {{season}}",
     "removedToast": "„{{title}}” eltávolítva a listáról",
     "undoRemoveFailed": "Nem sikerült visszatenni a listára"
   },

frontend/src/i18n/unusedKeys.contract.test.ts

@@ -3,6 +3,8 @@ import { join } from "node:path";
 import { fileURLToPath } from "node:url";
 import { describe, expect, it } from "vitest";
 
+import { REFUSAL_FAMILIES, type RefusalFamily } from "../lib/api/refusalCodes";
+
 // Every locale key is used by the app. The parity test proves EN and HU agree; nothing proved either
 // one is still READ — 75 keys had outlived the code that showed them (a whole sidebar sort vocabulary,
 // the old login page, a pager the DataTable replaced), each a string a translator would keep in step
@@ -49,9 +51,14 @@ const code = sources(SRC).join("\n");
 const literals = new Set([...code.matchAll(/["'`]([\w.-]+)["'`]/g)].map((m) => m[1]!));
 // Each dynamic key as a SHAPE, every interpolation a `*`: `plex.sort.*`, `editor.*.hint`,
 // `config.choices.*.*` — from a template literal that opens with a key head, or a head concatenated.
+// A refusal's sentence is built from its record (`lib/api/refusalCodes`) rather than a template the
+// scan could read, so each family's prefix is a shape of its own.
 const shapes = [
   ...[...code.matchAll(/`([\w.]+\.(?:\$\{[^}`]*\}|[\w.-])*)`/g)].map((m) => m[1]!),
   ...[...code.matchAll(/["'`]([\w.]+\.)["'`]\s*\+/g)].map((m) => `${m[1]!}\${}`),
+  ...Object.values(REFUSAL_FAMILIES).map(
+    (f: RefusalFamily) => `${f.prefix}.\${reason}${f.suffix ?? ""}`,
+  ),
 ]
   .filter((s) => s.includes("${"))
   .map((s) => s.replace(/\$\{[^}]*\}/g, "*"));

frontend/src/lib/accountSwitchNotice.dom.test.ts

@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ import {
   reloadAfterRefusal,
 } from "./entryUrl";
 import { HttpError } from "./api/core";
+import { raw } from "./notifications";
 
 const notice = (search: string, hash = "") =>
   accountSwitchNotice(new URLSearchParams(search), new URLSearchParams(hash));
@@ -27,13 +28,13 @@ describe("a switch of account, told to the account signed in", () => {
     expect(notice("", "access=requested&email=b%2Btag%40example.com")).toEqual({
       level: "info",
       key: "header.account.switchRequested",
-      values: { email: "b+tag@example.com" },
+      values: { email: raw("b+tag@example.com") },
     });
   });
 
   it("names the address the request lives under when that is another spelling", () => {
     expect(notice("", "access=requested&email=bob%40x.com&linked=b.ob%40x.com")?.values).toEqual({
-      email: "b.ob@x.com",
+      email: raw("b.ob@x.com"),
     });
   });
 

frontend/src/lib/actionErrors.test.ts

@@ -4,12 +4,16 @@
 import { describe, it, expect, vi, beforeEach } from "vitest";
 
 // Spy on the toast sink so we can assert exactly what each error maps to.
-vi.mock("./notifications", () => ({ notify: vi.fn(() => 0) }));
+vi.mock("./notifications", async (importOriginal) => ({
+  ...(await importOriginal<typeof import("./notifications")>()),
+  notify: vi.fn(() => 0),
+}));
 vi.mock("./errorDialog", () => ({ reportError: vi.fn() }));
 
 import { HttpError, api } from "./api";
 import { alreadyReported } from "./api/core";
-import { notify } from "./notifications";
+import { msg, notify, raw, sayNotif } from "./notifications";
+import { localizeDetail } from "./api/refusalText";
 import { reportError } from "./errorDialog";
 import { failureReason, notifyActionError, notifyKnownFailure } from "./actionErrors";
 import i18n from "../i18n";
@@ -32,10 +36,19 @@ describe("a Plex collection name that is already taken", () => {
     );
     const err = await api.plexCreateCollection("1", "Marvel", "m1").catch((e: unknown) => e);
     notifyMock.mockClear();
-    notifyActionError(err, "EDIT_FAILED");
+    notifyActionError(err, raw("EDIT_FAILED"));
     expect(notifyMock.mock.calls).toEqual([
-      [{ level: "error", title: "EDIT_FAILED", message: i18n.t("plex.collection.nameTaken") }],
+      [
+        {
+          level: "error",
+          title: raw("EDIT_FAILED"),
+          message: { detail: { code: "collection", reason: "name_taken" } },
+        },
+      ],
     ]);
+    expect(sayNotif(notifyMock.mock.calls[0]![0].message)).toBe(
+      i18n.t("plex.collection.nameTaken"),
+    );
     expect(reportError).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
   });
 });
@@ -52,26 +65,26 @@ describe("notifyActionError", () => {
     );
     const err = await api.plexSetState("1", "watched").catch((e: unknown) => e);
     notifyMock.mockClear();
-    notifyActionError(err, "FAILED");
+    notifyActionError(err, raw("FAILED"));
     expect(notifyMock).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
   });
 
   it("does toast one the caller was left to handle", () => {
-    notifyActionError(new HttpError(404, "gone"), "FAILED");
+    notifyActionError(new HttpError(404, "gone"), raw("FAILED"));
     expect(notifyMock).toHaveBeenCalled();
   });
 
   it("reports one failure once, however many callers try", () => {
     // What keeps the app-wide mutation reporter quiet for a mutation whose own onError already spoke.
     const err = new HttpError(404, "gone");
-    notifyActionError(err, "FIRST");
+    notifyActionError(err, raw("FIRST"));
-    notifyActionError(err, "SECOND");
+    notifyActionError(err, raw("SECOND"));
     expect(notifyMock).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
     expect(alreadyReported(err)).toBe(true);
   });
 
   it("says nothing about an upload the user cancelled", () => {
-    notifyActionError(new HttpError(0, "aborted"), "FAILED");
+    notifyActionError(new HttpError(0, "aborted"), raw("FAILED"));
     expect(notifyMock).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
   });
 
@@ -79,27 +92,32 @@ describe("notifyActionError", () => {
     // `reportFailure` leaves 403/404/429 to the caller, so for exactly those statuses whatever
     // English a route hand-wrote went straight into the toast — "No user with that email." in an
     // otherwise Hungarian UI, while the caller's translated fallback sat unused.
-    notifyActionError(new HttpError(404, "No user with that email."), "TRANSLATED");
+    notifyActionError(new HttpError(404, "No user with that email."), raw("TRANSLATED"));
     expect(notifyMock).toHaveBeenCalledWith({
       level: "error",
-      title: "TRANSLATED",
+      title: raw("TRANSLATED"),
-      message: i18n.t("errors.notFound.generic"),
+      message: msg("errors.notFound.generic"),
     });
   });
 
-  it("still prefers a STRUCTURED reason, which the request layer has already localized", () => {
+  it("still prefers a STRUCTURED reason, kept as the refusal and said in the reader's language", () => {
-    // `req` runs `{code, reason}` through localizeDetail, so `detail` is in the reader's language
+    // The notice keeps `{code, reason}` and says it through localizeDetail when shown: in the
-    // AND more specific than anything a status can say — quota numbers, which row is gone.
+    // reader's language AND more specific than anything a status can say — quota numbers, which row
+    // is gone.
     const err = new HttpError(404, "Ez a csatorna már nincs a könyvtárban.", {
       code: "not_found",
       reason: "channel",
     });
-    notifyActionError(err, "TRANSLATED FALLBACK");
+    notifyActionError(err, raw("TRANSLATED FALLBACK"));
     expect(notifyMock).toHaveBeenCalledWith({
       level: "error",
-      title: "TRANSLATED FALLBACK",
+      title: raw("TRANSLATED FALLBACK"),
-      message: "Ez a csatorna már nincs a könyvtárban.",
+      message: { detail: { code: "not_found", reason: "channel" } },
     });
+    // Said at display through localizeDetail, in the language of that moment.
+    expect(sayNotif(notifyMock.mock.calls[0]![0].message)).toBe(
+      localizeDetail({ code: "not_found", reason: "channel" }),
+    );
   });
 });
 
@@ -114,17 +132,21 @@ describe("failureReason — why a write failed, when the server did not say", ()
     [0, "errors.reason.unreachable"], // uploadReq's network failure
     [500, "errors.generic"],
   ])("a %s reads %s", (status, key) => {
-    expect(failureReason(new HttpError(status, "hand-written English"))).toBe(i18n.t(key));
+    const reason = failureReason(new HttpError(status, "hand-written English"));
+    expect(reason).toEqual(msg(key));
+    expect(sayNotif(reason)).toBe(i18n.t(key));
   });
 
   it("a request that never reached the server reads as unreachable", () => {
-    expect(failureReason(new TypeError("Failed to fetch"))).toBe(
+    expect(sayNotif(failureReason(new TypeError("Failed to fetch")))).toBe(
       i18n.t("errors.reason.unreachable"),
     );
   });
 
   it("anything else is the app's own fault, not the server's", () => {
-    expect(failureReason(new Error("key import failed"))).toBe(i18n.t("errors.reason.unexpected"));
+    expect(sayNotif(failureReason(new Error("key import failed")))).toBe(
+      i18n.t("errors.reason.unexpected"),
+    );
   });
 
   it("every reason exists in both languages", () => {
@@ -142,9 +164,9 @@ describe("failureReason — why a write failed, when the server did not say", ()
 describe("notifyKnownFailure", () => {
   it("shows the caller's specific sentence and marks the failure reported", () => {
     const err = new HttpError(409, "x", { code: "resend", reason: "email_off" });
-    notifyKnownFailure(err, "EMAIL IS OFF");
+    notifyKnownFailure(err, raw("EMAIL IS OFF"));
-    expect(notifyMock).toHaveBeenCalledWith({ level: "error", message: "EMAIL IS OFF" });
+    expect(notifyMock).toHaveBeenCalledWith({ level: "error", message: raw("EMAIL IS OFF") });
-    notifyActionError(err, "GENERIC");
+    notifyActionError(err, raw("GENERIC"));
     expect(notifyMock).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
   });
 });

frontend/src/lib/actionErrors.ts

@@ -1,26 +1,24 @@
 // From the core, not the `./api` barrel: these are pure (no request), and a test that mocks the
 // barrel wholesale to stub its requests must not take the error path's own plumbing with it.
 import { alreadyReported, HttpError, isAborted, markReported } from "./api/core";
-import { notify } from "./notifications";
+import { msg, notify, type NotifText } from "./notifications";
-import i18n from "../i18n";
 
 const GATEWAY = new Set([502, 503, 504]);
 
 /**
- * WHY a write failed, in the reader's language — the line under the toast's title.
+ * WHY a write failed — the line under the toast's title, said in the reader's language when shown.
  *
- * The server's own reason wins: `req` has already run the structured detail through
+ * The server's own reason wins: the structured detail, which `localizeDetail` says, and it is the most specific thing there is to say (quota numbers, which row is
- * `localizeDetail`, and it is the most specific thing there is to say (quota numbers, which row is
  * gone). Every refusal the app answers is structured now (backend `app/refusal.py`), and a string
  * detail never reaches `HttpError.detail` (see there) — the hand-written English that once put
  * "No user with that email." into a Hungarian UI has nowhere left to come from. `detailData` still
  * gates it: status-0 errors carry a local sentinel in `detail`, not a reason. Otherwise the status
  * says it.
  */
-export function failureReason(err: unknown): string {
+export function failureReason(err: unknown): NotifText {
-  const t = i18n.t.bind(i18n);
+  const t = msg;
   if (err instanceof HttpError) {
-    if (err.detailData != null && err.detail) return err.detail;
+    if (err.detailData != null && err.detail) return { detail: err.detailData };
     // 0: `uploadReq`'s network failure. 502–504: the gateway could not reach the app. Either way the
     // change did not go through, which the connection notice alone does not say.
     if (err.status === 0 || GATEWAY.has(err.status)) return t("errors.reason.unreachable");
@@ -36,13 +34,13 @@ export function failureReason(err: unknown): string {
 
 /**
  * Surface a failed write as an error toast instead of the click silently doing nothing: the title
- * names WHAT failed (the caller's translated "Couldn't hide the channel"), the line under it says
+ * names WHAT failed (the caller's "Couldn't hide the channel"), the line under it says
  * WHY (`failureReason`). Domain-agnostic — the one way every action failure is reported, including
  * the app-wide mutation reporter in lib/queryClient.
  */
 export function notifyActionError(
   err: unknown,
-  title: string,
+  title: NotifText,
   level: "error" | "warning" = "error",
 ): void {
   // Already on screen (`req` opened the error dialog, the tab is being signed out, or a caller's own
@@ -57,7 +55,7 @@ export function notifyActionError(
  * instance cannot send email", "someone registered on that address") — shown as it is, and marked,
  * so the app-wide mutation reporter does not put a second, generic toast next to it.
  */
-export function notifyKnownFailure(err: unknown, message: string): void {
+export function notifyKnownFailure(err: unknown, message: NotifText): void {
   if (alreadyReported(err)) return;
   notify({ level: "error", message });
   markReported(err);

frontend/src/lib/api/core.test.ts

@@ -14,7 +14,12 @@ const { reportError, notify, remove, getActiveToasts } = vi.hoisted(() => ({
 }));
 
 vi.mock("../errorDialog", () => ({ reportError }));
-vi.mock("../notifications", () => ({ notify, remove, getActiveToasts }));
+vi.mock("../notifications", async (importOriginal) => ({
+  ...(await importOriginal<typeof import("../notifications")>()),
+  notify,
+  remove,
+  getActiveToasts,
+}));
 vi.mock("../../i18n", () => ({ default: { t: (k: string) => k, language: "en" } }));
 
 import { setDebugSession } from "../log";

frontend/src/lib/api/core.ts

@@ -2,9 +2,9 @@
 // error, structured-error localization, the connectivity toast, the identity headers,
 // and the keepalive beacon. Domain modules import from here; nothing here imports a domain module,
 // so the runtime graph is a clean barrel → domain → core with no cycles.
-import { getActiveToasts, notify, remove } from "../notifications";
+import { getActiveToasts, msg, notify, remove } from "../notifications";
 import i18n from "../../i18n";
-import { formatBytes, formatDecimal } from "../format";
+import { localizeDetail } from "./refusalText";
 import { reportError } from "../errorDialog";
 import { logRequest, QUIET_HEADER, REQUEST_ID_HEADER, ROUTE_HEADER, send } from "../http";
 import { currentDebugSession, newRequestId } from "../log";
@@ -71,121 +71,6 @@ export const refusalReason = (err: unknown): string | undefined =>
     ? (err.detailData as { reason?: string } | undefined)?.reason
     : undefined;
 
-// Localize a STRUCTURED server error ({ code, reason, ... }) into the user's language. FastAPI
-// usually returns a plain string `detail`, but some routes (e.g. download quota/edit) return a
-// structured object with an i18n reason key + numbers so HU/DE users don't get hardcoded English
-// with a dot-decimal separator. Falls back to a generic message for unknown shapes.
-// The refusal codes of the admin's account and invite actions (routes/admin.py). Their reasons share
-// one namespace, `errors.admin.<reason>`, which i18n/backendIds.contract checks against the backend.
-const ADMIN_REFUSALS = new Set(["activate", "resend", "invite_send"]);
-
-function localizeDetail(d: unknown): string {
-  const t = i18n.t.bind(i18n);
-  // FastAPI request-validation errors: `detail` is an ARRAY of { loc, msg, type }. The UI sends
-  // well-formed requests, so this only fires on genuinely malformed input. The per-field `msg` and
-  // `loc` field names are English, snake_case internal tokens — surface a clean, fully localized
-  // "check your input" message rather than leaking them into a translated sentence.
-  if (Array.isArray(d)) return t("errors.validation");
-  const o = d as
-    | { code?: string; reason?: string; limit?: number; limit_s?: number; min?: number }
-    | null
-    | undefined;
-  if (o?.code === "quota") {
-    if (o.reason === "max_bytes") {
-      const gb = formatDecimal((o.limit || 0) / 1_073_741_824, i18n.language, 1, 0);
-      return t("downloads.errors.quota.max_bytes", { size: gb });
-    }
-    if (o.reason === "max_jobs") return t("downloads.errors.quota.max_jobs", { limit: o.limit });
-    return t("downloads.errors.quota.generic");
-  }
-  if (o?.code === "edit")
-    return t(`downloads.errors.edit.${o.reason}`, t("downloads.errors.edit.generic"));
-  // A clip the server will not cut (downloads/clip): the range, the frame, the source. An unknown
-  // reason reads as the plain failure rather than a key; a cap comes with the refusal (`limit_s`).
-  if (o?.code === "clip")
-    return t(`clip.errors.${o.reason}`, {
-      defaultValue: t("clip.failed"),
-      minutes: o.limit_s == null ? undefined : formatDecimal(o.limit_s / 60, i18n.language, 1, 0),
-    });
-  if (o?.code === "cookies")
-    return t(`downloads.errors.cookies.${o.reason}`, t("downloads.errors.cookies.generic"));
-  // Password sign-in refusals. The card renders the account-shaped ones as a full panel
-  // off `detailData`; this is the one-line form every other consumer (and the card's own fallback)
-  // gets. A reason this build doesn't know falls through to the generic message rather than showing
-  // a raw key, which is what an i18n miss would otherwise put on screen.
-  if (o?.code === "login")
-    return t(`welcome.auth.blocked.${o.reason}.short`, t("welcome.auth.genericError"));
-  // The two email-link confirmations. Their failure is one a user meets by simply clicking an old
-  // link, so it is the last place that may answer in hardcoded English under a bilingual UI.
-  if (o?.code === "verify") return t("welcome.auth.verifyInvalid");
-  if (o?.code === "reset")
-    return o.reason === "weak_password"
-      ? t("welcome.auth.weakPassword", { min: o.limit ?? o.min })
-      : t("welcome.auth.deadLink.short");
-  // Local-upload ingest: the per-file cap carries the limit in bytes; empty is a bare code.
-  if (o?.code === "upload_too_large")
-    return t("downloads.errors.upload.tooLarge", { size: formatBytes(o.limit, i18n.language) });
-  if (o?.code === "upload_empty") return t("downloads.errors.upload.empty");
-  // The EDGE ceiling's refusal (`bodylimit.TOO_LARGE_BODY`), shared by every route and carrying no
-  // number. Not a theoretical case: on a DEFAULT install it is what an over-cap upload gets,
-  // because the ceiling and the route's own cap are the same figure and the edge answers first —
-  // the route's numbered `upload_too_large` above is the answer only once an admin has LOWERED the
-  // knob (see bodylimit.ROUTE_MAX_BODY_BYTES). Without this branch that refusal fell through to
-  // the generic "couldn't carry out that action", the one message no retry can fix.
-  //
-  // A BACKSTOP, not the plan. The middleware answers without draining, so whether the browser gets
-  // to read this at all depends on the client having finished sending: measured readable up to
-  // 200 MiB over loopback, and measured as a bare `onerror` through a dev proxy. That is why the
-  // upload dialog checks the file against `upload_max_bytes` BEFORE sending — this branch is what
-  // happens when that check could not run.
-  //
-  // `errors.tooLarge` stays PAYLOAD-NEUTRAL for that reason. It is also what a JSON form gets
-  // (`debug_sessions` refuses an over-size draft with the same bare code), so wording it as advice
-  // about a file told the issue composer's user to pick a smaller one — of nothing. The
-  // file-specific sentence is `downloads.errors.upload.tooLarge`, one branch up, which has a number.
-  if (o?.code === "too_large") return t("errors.tooLarge");
-  // SEC-12: a download URL the server refuses to fetch. The reasons are deliberately distinct —
-  // "we could not look that host up" is a different thing to tell someone than "we will not fetch
-  // from that address" — so an unknown reason falls back to the generic refusal rather than a key.
-  if (o?.code === "url_blocked")
-    return t(`downloads.errors.urlBlocked.${o.reason}`, t("downloads.errors.urlBlocked.generic"));
-  // The one-step "move to another list". Both reasons mean the same thing to a reader —
-  // the list moved under you — but they are different enough to be worth naming separately, and an
-  // unknown reason falls back to the plain failure rather than printing a key.
-  if (o?.code === "playlist_move")
-    return t(`playlists.moveErrors.${o.reason}`, t("playlists.moveFailed"));
-  // A Plex collection name already taken in that library (the one collection-edit refusal).
-  if (o?.code === "collection")
-    return o.reason === "name_taken"
-      ? t("plex.collection.nameTaken")
-      : t("plex.collection.editFailed");
-  // An action YouTube refused (routes/_common.youtube_refusal): what the reader can do about it —
-  // wait for the budget, reconnect, or retry. An unknown reason reads as the retryable one.
-  if (o?.code === "youtube")
-    return t(`errors.youtube.${o.reason}`, t("errors.youtube.unavailable"));
-  // Every other refusal (backend `app/refusal.py`): one family, the reason naming the sentence and
-  // the rest of the detail its values (`{{min}}`, `{{name}}`, …). A reason this build does not know
-  // reads as the generic failure rather than a key.
-  if (o?.code === "refused")
-    return t(`errors.refused.${o.reason}`, { ...o, defaultValue: t("errors.generic") });
-  // A playlist action the server refused (Watch later can't be deleted, YouTube said no, …).
-  if (o?.code === "playlist") return t(`playlists.errors.${o.reason}`, t("errors.generic"));
-  // An admin action on an account or an invite that the server refused: activating an address that
-  // is no longer approved, a confirmation link or invitation with nothing to go to or no mail to go
-  // by. The toast's title already names the button; this is the WHY, and it used to be the generic
-  // "try again", which no retry could fix.
-  if (ADMIN_REFUSALS.has(o?.code ?? "")) return t(`errors.admin.${o?.reason}`, t("errors.generic"));
-  // Any row that is gone — deleted in another tab or device, or never the caller's (a stranger's
-  // row 404s the same way). `reason` names WHAT is gone; one this build doesn't know says it
-  // generically rather than printing a key.
-  if (o?.code === "not_found")
-    return t(`errors.notFound.${o.reason}`, t("errors.notFound.generic"));
-  // SEC-14: a manual sync trigger on cooldown. Not an error the user caused so much as a pace
-  // limit, and the copy says so.
-  if (o?.code === "sync_cooldown") return t("errors.syncCooldown");
-  return t("errors.generic");
-}
-
 // A single, self-resolving "connection lost" status: while the server is unreachable we
 // show one sticky, transient (non-persisted) notice; the moment any request reaches the
 // server again we remove it. This makes good on its "clears once it's back" copy and keeps
@@ -199,8 +84,8 @@ function markConnectivityLost(): void {
   if (id !== null) remove(id);
   connectivityNotifId = notify({
     level: "error",
-    title: i18n.t("errors.offline.title"),
+    title: msg("errors.offline.title"),
-    message: i18n.t("errors.offline.body"),
+    message: msg("errors.offline.body"),
     transient: true,
   });
 }

frontend/src/lib/api/diagnostics.dom.test.ts

@@ -7,7 +7,8 @@
 import { describe, it, expect, vi, beforeEach } from "vitest";
 
 vi.mock("../errorDialog", () => ({ reportError: vi.fn() }));
-vi.mock("../notifications", () => ({
+vi.mock("../notifications", async (importOriginal) => ({
+  ...(await importOriginal<typeof import("../notifications")>()),
   notify: vi.fn(() => 1),
   remove: vi.fn(),
   getActiveToasts: vi.fn((): { id: number }[] => []),

frontend/src/lib/api/refusalCodes.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+// Which sentence answers each server refusal (`{ code, reason, … }`), as data: `localizeDetail` says a
+// refusal through these records, and `i18n/backendIds.contract.test.ts` reads every code and reason the
+// backend can send and requires each to land here with its sentence in both languages. A refusal that
+// fell through to the generic "couldn't carry out that action" used to stay unnoticed — the language
+// parity test is green when EN and HU miss the same key.
+//
+// No imports: the contract test reads this module in a plain node run, without i18n.
+
+/** A code whose reasons each name their own sentence: `<prefix>.<reason><suffix>`. */
+export type RefusalFamily = { prefix: string; suffix?: string; fallback: string };
+
+export const REFUSAL_FAMILIES = {
+  // Every other refusal (backend `app/refusal.py`): one family, the reason naming the sentence and the
+  // rest of the detail its values.
+  refused: { prefix: "errors.refused", fallback: "errors.generic" },
+  // An action YouTube refused (routes/_common.youtube_refusal): what the reader can do about it — wait
+  // for the budget, reconnect, or retry. An unknown reason reads as the retryable one.
+  youtube: { prefix: "errors.youtube", fallback: "errors.youtube.unavailable" },
+  // Any row that is gone — deleted in another tab or device, or never the caller's (a stranger's row
+  // 404s the same way); `reason` names WHAT is gone.
+  not_found: { prefix: "errors.notFound", fallback: "errors.notFound.generic" },
+  // A clip the server will not cut (downloads/clip): the range, the frame, the source; a cap comes
+  // with the refusal (`limit_s`).
+  clip: { prefix: "clip.errors", fallback: "clip.failed" },
+  // An admin action on an account or an invite: an address no longer approved, a link or invitation
+  // with nothing to go to or no mail to go by. The toast's title names the button; this is the WHY,
+  // which used to be the generic "try again" no retry could fix. One namespace for the three codes.
+  activate: { prefix: "errors.admin", fallback: "errors.generic" },
+  resend: { prefix: "errors.admin", fallback: "errors.generic" },
+  invite_send: { prefix: "errors.admin", fallback: "errors.generic" },
+  // A playlist action the server refused (Watch later can't be deleted, YouTube said no, …).
+  playlist: { prefix: "playlists.errors", fallback: "errors.generic" },
+  // The one-step "move to another list": both reasons mean the list moved under you, named apart.
+  playlist_move: { prefix: "playlists.moveErrors", fallback: "playlists.moveFailed" },
+  edit: { prefix: "downloads.errors.edit", fallback: "downloads.errors.edit.generic" },
+  cookies: { prefix: "downloads.errors.cookies", fallback: "downloads.errors.cookies.generic" },
+  // A download URL the server refuses to fetch. The reasons are deliberately distinct — "we could not
+  // look that host up" is a different thing to tell someone than "we will not fetch from that address".
+  url_blocked: {
+    prefix: "downloads.errors.urlBlocked",
+    fallback: "downloads.errors.urlBlocked.generic",
+  },
+  // Password sign-in refusals, in one line. The sign-in card renders the account-shaped ones as a full
+  // panel off `detailData`; this is the form every other consumer (and the card's fallback) gets.
+  login: {
+    prefix: "welcome.auth.blocked",
+    suffix: ".short",
+    fallback: "welcome.auth.genericError",
+  },
+} satisfies Record<string, RefusalFamily>;
+
+/** A code whose few reasons share sentences: each reason the backend sends is named here. */
+export const REFUSAL_BY_REASON = {
+  quota: {
+    reasons: {
+      max_bytes: "downloads.errors.quota.max_bytes",
+      max_jobs: "downloads.errors.quota.max_jobs",
+    },
+    fallback: "downloads.errors.quota.generic",
+  },
+  // The set-password link. Its failure is one a user meets by simply clicking an old link, so it may
+  // not answer in hardcoded English under a bilingual UI.
+  reset: {
+    reasons: { weak_password: "welcome.auth.weakPassword", invalid: "welcome.auth.deadLink.short" },
+    fallback: "welcome.auth.deadLink.short",
+  },
+  // A Plex collection name already taken in that library (the one collection-edit refusal).
+  collection: {
+    reasons: { name_taken: "plex.collection.nameTaken" },
+    fallback: "plex.collection.editFailed",
+  },
+} satisfies Record<string, { reasons: Record<string, string>; fallback: string }>;
+
+/** A code with one sentence, whatever else it carries. */
+export const REFUSAL_FIXED = {
+  // The email confirmation link — like `reset`, met by clicking an old link.
+  verify: "welcome.auth.verifyInvalid",
+  // Local-upload ingest: the per-file cap carries the limit in bytes; empty is a bare code.
+  upload_too_large: "downloads.errors.upload.tooLarge",
+  upload_empty: "downloads.errors.upload.empty",
+  // The EDGE ceiling's refusal (`bodylimit.TOO_LARGE_BODY`), shared by every route and carrying no
+  // number. On a DEFAULT install it is what an over-cap upload gets, because the ceiling and the
+  // route's own cap are the same figure and the edge answers first — the numbered `upload_too_large`
+  // answers only once an admin has LOWERED the knob (bodylimit.ROUTE_MAX_BODY_BYTES).
+  // A BACKSTOP, not the plan: the middleware answers without draining, so whether the browser reads
+  // this at all depends on the client having finished sending (readable up to 200 MiB over loopback,
+  // a bare `onerror` through a dev proxy). That is why the upload dialog checks the file against
+  // `upload_max_bytes` BEFORE sending. The sentence stays PAYLOAD-NEUTRAL: a JSON form gets it too
+  // (`debug_sessions` refuses an over-size draft with the same code), and advice about a file told the
+  // issue composer's user to pick a smaller one — of nothing.
+  too_large: "errors.tooLarge",
+  // A manual sync trigger on cooldown: a pace limit rather than an error, and the copy says so.
+  sync_cooldown: "errors.syncCooldown",
+} satisfies Record<string, string>;
+
+/** Codes no screen prints, so they read as the generic failure — each with why nobody reads it. */
+export const REFUSAL_UNSHOWN = {
+  subtitle: "answers a <track> src; the player polls the track's status and never reads this body",
+  json_required: "answers the client log beacon, which the UI always sends as JSON",
+  diagnostics_off: "answers the client log beacon; the client stops streaming on it, silently",
+  rate_limited: "answers the client log beacon over its rate; dropped lines are not reported",
+  bad_cursor: "a list cursor the UI itself wrote; only a hand-edited request gets this",
+  invalid_input: "a NUL byte in a request, which no form of the UI can send",
+} satisfies Record<string, string>;

frontend/src/lib/api/refusalText.dom.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+// @vitest-environment jsdom
+//
+// A server refusal said through the records (`refusalCodes`), in both languages, by the real i18n —
+// one case per record shape, so moving the dispatch into data changed what no reader sees.
+import { afterEach, describe, expect, it } from "vitest";
+import i18n from "../../i18n";
+import { formatBytes } from "../format";
+import { localizeDetail } from "./refusalText";
+
+afterEach(async () => {
+  await i18n.changeLanguage("en");
+});
+
+describe.each(["en", "hu"])("localizeDetail (%s)", (lng) => {
+  const say = async (d: unknown) => {
+    await i18n.changeLanguage(lng);
+    return localizeDetail(d);
+  };
+
+  it("names an edit refused for a file that is not video or audio", async () => {
+    const said = await say({ code: "edit", reason: "not_media" });
+    expect(said).toBe(i18n.t("downloads.errors.edit.not_media"));
+    expect(said).not.toBe(i18n.t("downloads.errors.edit.generic"));
+  });
+
+  it("says a family's reason, and its own fallback for a reason it does not know", async () => {
+    expect(await say({ code: "playlist_move", reason: "same_playlist" })).toBe(
+      i18n.t("playlists.moveErrors.same_playlist"),
+    );
+    expect(await say({ code: "playlist_move", reason: "nope" })).toBe(
+      i18n.t("playlists.moveFailed"),
+    );
+  });
+
+  it("reads a sign-in refusal's one-line form", async () => {
+    expect(await say({ code: "login", reason: "suspended" })).toBe(
+      i18n.t("welcome.auth.blocked.suspended.short"),
+    );
+  });
+
+  it("puts a refusal's numbers into its sentence", async () => {
+    expect(await say({ code: "quota", reason: "max_jobs", limit: 7 })).toContain("7");
+    expect(await say({ code: "reset", reason: "weak_password", min: 12 })).toContain("12");
+    expect(await say({ code: "refused", reason: "view_name_taken", name: "Esti" })).toContain(
+      "Esti",
+    );
+  });
+
+  it("puts a download cap in GB and an upload cap in bytes, in the reader's number format", async () => {
+    expect(await say({ code: "quota", reason: "max_bytes", limit: 1.5 * 2 ** 30 })).toContain(
+      lng === "hu" ? "1,5" : "1.5",
+    );
+    const upload = await say({ code: "upload_too_large", limit: 5_242_880 });
+    expect(upload).toContain(formatBytes(5_242_880, lng));
+    expect(upload).not.toBe(i18n.t("downloads.errors.upload.tooLarge", { size: "" }));
+  });
+
+  it("says a shared-sentence code's own fallback for a reason it does not know", async () => {
+    expect(await say({ code: "quota", reason: "nope" })).toBe(
+      i18n.t("downloads.errors.quota.generic"),
+    );
+    expect(await say({ code: "collection", reason: "nope" })).toBe(
+      i18n.t("plex.collection.editFailed"),
+    );
+  });
+
+  it("says a shared-sentence code's fallback, and a fixed code's one sentence", async () => {
+    expect(await say({ code: "reset", reason: "invalid" })).toBe(
+      i18n.t("welcome.auth.deadLink.short"),
+    );
+    expect(await say({ code: "sync_cooldown" })).toBe(i18n.t("errors.syncCooldown"));
+  });
+
+  it("reads a code no screen shows, or one it does not know, as the generic failure", async () => {
+    expect(await say({ code: "bad_cursor" })).toBe(i18n.t("errors.generic"));
+    expect(await say({ code: "never_sent" })).toBe(i18n.t("errors.generic"));
+    expect(await say({ code: "constructor" })).toBe(i18n.t("errors.generic"));
+    expect(await say(null)).toBe(i18n.t("errors.generic"));
+  });
+});

frontend/src/lib/api/refusalText.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+// A server refusal ({ code, reason, … }) in the reader's language. Its own module, not the request
+// core's: a notice keeps the refusal it reports and says it again at display, in the language of the
+// moment, and the notice store cannot import the request core that imports it.
+import i18n from "../../i18n";
+import { formatBytes, formatDecimal } from "../format";
+import {
+  REFUSAL_BY_REASON,
+  REFUSAL_FAMILIES,
+  REFUSAL_FIXED,
+  type RefusalFamily,
+} from "./refusalCodes";
+
+type Detail = {
+  code?: string;
+  reason?: string;
+  limit?: number;
+  limit_s?: number;
+  min?: number;
+} | null;
+
+// Which sentence answers which code lives in `refusalCodes` — the records the backendIds contract holds
+// against every code and reason the backend can send. A Map, so a code is looked up as data only.
+const families = new Map<string, RefusalFamily>(Object.entries(REFUSAL_FAMILIES));
+const byReason = new Map(
+  Object.entries(REFUSAL_BY_REASON).map(([code, f]) => [
+    code,
+    { reasons: new Map<string, string>(Object.entries(f.reasons)), fallback: f.fallback },
+  ]),
+);
+const fixed = new Map<string, string>(Object.entries(REFUSAL_FIXED));
+
+// The numbers a refusal carries, in the reader's number format: a download cap in GB, a clip cap in
+// minutes, an upload cap in bytes, a password's minimum length; a generic `refused` interpolates
+// whatever values its sentence names (`{{min}}`, `{{name}}`, …).
+function valuesOf(o: NonNullable<Detail>): Record<string, unknown> {
+  const lang = i18n.language;
+  if (o.code === "refused") return { ...o };
+  if (o.code === "clip")
+    return { minutes: o.limit_s == null ? undefined : formatDecimal(o.limit_s / 60, lang, 1, 0) };
+  if (o.code === "quota")
+    return o.reason === "max_bytes"
+      ? { size: formatDecimal((o.limit || 0) / 1_073_741_824, lang, 1, 0) }
+      : { limit: o.limit };
+  if (o.code === "reset") return { min: o.limit ?? o.min };
+  if (o.code === "upload_too_large") return { size: formatBytes(o.limit, lang) };
+  return {};
+}
+
+// Localize a STRUCTURED server error ({ code, reason, ... }) into the user's language. A reason this
+// build does not know reads as its code's fallback sentence rather than a raw key, and a code it does
+// not know (or one no screen shows, `REFUSAL_UNSHOWN`) as the generic failure.
+export function localizeDetail(d: unknown): string {
+  const t = i18n.t.bind(i18n);
+  // FastAPI request-validation errors: `detail` is an ARRAY of { loc, msg, type }. The UI sends
+  // well-formed requests, so this only fires on genuinely malformed input. The per-field `msg` and
+  // `loc` field names are English, snake_case internal tokens — surface a clean, fully localized
+  // "check your input" message rather than leaking them into a translated sentence.
+  if (Array.isArray(d)) return t("errors.validation");
+  const o = d as Detail | undefined;
+  if (!o?.code) return t("errors.generic");
+  const family = families.get(o.code);
+  if (family)
+    return t(`${family.prefix}.${o.reason}${family.suffix ?? ""}`, {
+      ...valuesOf(o),
+      defaultValue: t(family.fallback),
+    });
+  const shared = byReason.get(o.code);
+  if (shared) {
+    return t(shared.reasons.get(o.reason ?? "") ?? shared.fallback, valuesOf(o));
+  }
+  const one = fixed.get(o.code);
+  return one ? t(one, valuesOf(o)) : t("errors.generic");
+}

frontend/src/lib/channelWriteFailures.dom.test.tsx

@@ -9,13 +9,15 @@ import type { ReactNode } from "react";
 import { act, renderHook, waitFor } from "@testing-library/react";
 import { QueryClient, QueryClientProvider } from "@tanstack/react-query";
 
-vi.mock("./notifications", () => ({ notify: vi.fn(() => 0) }));
+vi.mock("./notifications", async (importOriginal) => ({
+  ...(await importOriginal<typeof import("./notifications")>()),
+  notify: vi.fn(() => 0),
+}));
 
 import { api, HttpError } from "./api";
-import { notify } from "./notifications";
+import { msg, notify } from "./notifications";
 import { useChannelTagActions } from "./useChannelTagActions";
 import { useChannelPriority } from "./useChannelPriority";
-import i18n from "../i18n";
 
 const notifyMock = vi.mocked(notify);
 beforeEach(() => notifyMock.mockClear());
@@ -37,8 +39,8 @@ describe("useChannelTagActions", () => {
     await waitFor(() => expect(onError).toHaveBeenCalledWith("UC1"));
     expect(notifyMock).toHaveBeenCalledWith({
       level: "error",
-      title: i18n.t("channels.tags.updateFailed"),
+      title: msg("channels.tags.updateFailed"),
-      message: i18n.t("errors.reason.forbidden"),
+      message: msg("errors.reason.forbidden"),
     });
   });
 
@@ -52,8 +54,8 @@ describe("useChannelTagActions", () => {
     await waitFor(() =>
       expect(notifyMock).toHaveBeenCalledWith({
         level: "error",
-        title: i18n.t("channels.tags.createFailed"),
+        title: msg("channels.tags.createFailed"),
-        message: i18n.t("errors.reason.rateLimited"),
+        message: msg("errors.reason.rateLimited"),
       }),
     );
   });
@@ -76,8 +78,8 @@ describe("useChannelPriority", () => {
     await waitFor(() => expect(onError).toHaveBeenCalledWith("UC1"));
     expect(notifyMock).toHaveBeenCalledWith({
       level: "error",
-      title: i18n.t("errors.writeFailed.channelPriority"),
+      title: msg("errors.writeFailed.channelPriority"),
-      message: i18n.t("errors.reason.unreachable"),
+      message: msg("errors.reason.unreachable"),
     });
   });
 });

frontend/src/lib/claimedStores.dom.test.ts

@@ -5,11 +5,12 @@
 // notification store used to keep its empty, nobody's history, and the tab's first notice replaced the
 // account's stored history with it.
 import { beforeAll, beforeEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from "vitest";
+import { raw, sayNotif, type NotifText } from "./notifications";
 
 const entry = (id: number, message: string) => ({
   id,
   level: "info",
-  message,
+  message: raw(message),
   ts: 1,
   read: true,
   dismissed: true,
@@ -19,10 +20,10 @@ const entry = (id: number, message: string) => ({
 });
 const storedMessages = () =>
   (
-    JSON.parse(localStorage.getItem("siftlode.notifications") ?? "[]") as {
+    JSON.parse(localStorage.getItem("siftlode.notifHistory") ?? "[]") as {
-      message: string;
+      message: NotifText;
     }[]
-  ).map((n) => n.message);
+  ).map((n) => sayNotif(n.message));
 
 // Warm the transform cache once (see verifyEntry.dom.test.tsx): the first cold import costs ~0.8 s
 // alone and outran the 5 s case timeout under a full coverage run. Transformed code outlives
@@ -47,14 +48,14 @@ beforeEach(() => {
 describe("stores read at import, before the account is known", { timeout: CASE_BUDGET }, () => {
   it("keep the account's notification history and settings once it is claimed", async () => {
     localStorage.setItem("siftlode.owner", "5");
-    localStorage.setItem("siftlode.notifications", JSON.stringify([entry(7, "older")]));
+    localStorage.setItem("siftlode.notifHistory", JSON.stringify([entry(7, "older")]));
     localStorage.setItem("siftlode.notifSettings", JSON.stringify({ durationMs: 0 }));
     const notifications = await import("./notifications");
     const { claimLocalData } = await import("./storage");
 
-    notifications.notify({ message: "before the claim" }); // e.g. a failed boot probe
+    notifications.notify({ message: raw("before the claim") }); // e.g. a failed boot probe
     claimLocalData(5);
-    notifications.notify({ message: "after the claim" });
+    notifications.notify({ message: raw("after the claim") });
 
     expect(storedMessages()).toEqual(["older", "before the claim", "after the claim"]);
     expect(notifications.getNotifSettings().durationMs).toBe(0);
@@ -75,12 +76,12 @@ describe("stores read at import, before the account is known", { timeout: CASE_B
 describe("a browser that held another account's state", { timeout: CASE_BUDGET }, () => {
   it("starts the new account's notices from an empty history", async () => {
     localStorage.setItem("siftlode.owner", "4");
-    localStorage.setItem("siftlode.notifications", JSON.stringify([entry(7, "four's")]));
+    localStorage.setItem("siftlode.notifHistory", JSON.stringify([entry(7, "four's")]));
     const notifications = await import("./notifications");
     const { claimLocalData } = await import("./storage");
 
     claimLocalData(5);
-    notifications.notify({ message: "as five" });
+    notifications.notify({ message: raw("as five") });
 
     expect(storedMessages()).toEqual(["as five"]);
   });

frontend/src/lib/downloads.test.ts

@@ -21,18 +21,21 @@ vi.mock("./api", () => ({
   api: { downloadLinks, createDownloadLink, folderLinks, createFolderLink },
 }));
 vi.mock("./clipboard", () => ({ copyText }));
-vi.mock("./notifications", () => ({ notify }));
+vi.mock("./notifications", async (importOriginal) => ({
+  ...(await importOriginal<typeof import("./notifications")>()),
+  notify,
+}));
 
 import { quickShareLink } from "./downloads";
 import { qk } from "./queryKeys";
+import { msg, type NotifText } from "./notifications";
 
-const t = (k: string) => k;
 const origin = window.location.origin;
 
 type ToastArg = {
   level: string;
-  message: string;
+  message: NotifText;
-  action?: { label: string; onClick: () => void };
+  action?: { label: NotifText; onClick: () => void };
 };
 const firstToast = () => notify.mock.calls[0]![0] as ToastArg;
 
@@ -55,7 +58,7 @@ describe("quickShareLink", () => {
     createDownloadLink.mockResolvedValue({ id: 7, url: "/watch/tok7" });
     const openSpy = vi.spyOn(window, "open").mockReturnValue(null);
 
-    const url = await quickShareLink(qc(), { kind: "file", id: 42 }, t);
+    const url = await quickShareLink(qc(), { kind: "file", id: 42 });
 
     expect(url).toBe(`${origin}/watch/tok7`);
     // Minted with an EMPTY body so the backend default (allow_download=true) applies.
@@ -63,8 +66,8 @@ describe("quickShareLink", () => {
     expect(copyText).toHaveBeenCalledWith(`${origin}/watch/tok7`);
     const arg = firstToast();
     expect(arg.level).toBe("success");
-    expect(arg.message).toBe("downloads.share.linkCopied");
+    expect(arg.message).toEqual(msg("downloads.share.linkCopied"));
-    expect(arg.action!.label).toBe("downloads.share.openNewTab");
+    expect(arg.action!.label).toEqual(msg("downloads.share.openNewTab"));
     arg.action!.onClick();
     expect(openSpy).toHaveBeenCalledWith(`${origin}/watch/tok7`, "_blank", "noopener,noreferrer");
   });
@@ -72,7 +75,7 @@ describe("quickShareLink", () => {
   it("reuses an existing link instead of minting a duplicate", async () => {
     downloadLinks.mockResolvedValue([{ id: 3, url: "/watch/old" }]);
 
-    const url = await quickShareLink(qc(), { kind: "file", id: 1 }, t);
+    const url = await quickShareLink(qc(), { kind: "file", id: 1 });
 
     expect(url).toBe(`${origin}/watch/old`);
     expect(createDownloadLink).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
@@ -85,7 +88,7 @@ describe("quickShareLink", () => {
       { id: 3, url: "/watch/older" },
     ]);
 
-    const url = await quickShareLink(qc(), { kind: "file", id: 1 }, t);
+    const url = await quickShareLink(qc(), { kind: "file", id: 1 });
 
     expect(url).toBe(`${origin}/watch/older`);
     expect(createDownloadLink).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
@@ -97,7 +100,7 @@ describe("quickShareLink", () => {
     createDownloadLink.mockResolvedValue({ id: 8, url: "/watch/new" });
     const client = qc();
 
-    const url = await quickShareLink(client, { kind: "file", id: 6 }, t);
+    const url = await quickShareLink(client, { kind: "file", id: 6 });
 
     expect(url).toBe(`${origin}/watch/new`);
     expect(copyText).toHaveBeenCalledWith(`${origin}/watch/new`);
@@ -113,7 +116,7 @@ describe("quickShareLink", () => {
     const client = qc();
     client.setQueryData(qk.fileFolders(), []);
 
-    const url = await quickShareLink(client, { kind: "folder", id: 5 }, t);
+    const url = await quickShareLink(client, { kind: "folder", id: 5 });
 
     expect(url).toBe(`${origin}/watch/fold`);
     expect(folderLinks).toHaveBeenCalledWith(5);
@@ -129,26 +132,26 @@ describe("quickShareLink", () => {
     downloadLinks.mockResolvedValue([{ id: 5, url: "/watch/x" }]);
     copyText.mockResolvedValue(false);
 
-    const url = await quickShareLink(qc(), { kind: "file", id: 2 }, t);
+    const url = await quickShareLink(qc(), { kind: "file", id: 2 });
 
     expect(url).toBe(`${origin}/watch/x`); // the link is never a dead end
     const arg = firstToast();
     expect(arg.level).toBe("warning");
-    expect(arg.message).toBe("downloads.share.copyFailed");
+    expect(arg.message).toEqual(msg("downloads.share.copyFailed"));
-    expect(arg.action!.label).toBe("downloads.share.openNewTab");
+    expect(arg.action!.label).toEqual(msg("downloads.share.openNewTab"));
   });
 
   it("reports an error and returns null when link creation fails", async () => {
     downloadLinks.mockResolvedValue([]);
     createDownloadLink.mockRejectedValue(new Error("boom"));
 
-    const url = await quickShareLink(qc(), { kind: "file", id: 9 }, t);
+    const url = await quickShareLink(qc(), { kind: "file", id: 9 });
 
     expect(url).toBeNull();
     expect(copyText).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
     // Titled with what failed, and carrying why (notifyActionError), not a bare message.
     expect(notify).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
-      expect.objectContaining({ level: "error", title: "downloads.share.linkFailed" }),
+      expect.objectContaining({ level: "error", title: msg("downloads.share.linkFailed") }),
     );
   });
 });